Tirin Moore

Last updated
Tirin Moore
Born (1969-06-12) June 12, 1969 (age 54)
Oakland, California
Alma mater Princeton University
California State University, Chico
Scientific career
Institutions Stanford University
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Thesis Studies of residual visual function after damage to striate cortex in infant and adult monkeys  (1995)
Website Moore Lab Stanford

Tirin Moore (born June 12, 1969) is an American neuroscientist who is a Professor of Neurobiology at Stanford University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is known for his work on the neural mechanisms of visual perception, visually guided behavior and cognition. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.

Contents

Early life and education

Moore was born in Oakland, California. [1] He was an undergraduate student at California State University, Chico. Moore was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship in the laboratory of Charles Gross [2] at Princeton University, where he studied residual visual function after damage to striate cortex. Moore moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for his postdoctoral research, where he worked with Peter H. Schiller. [2] There he studied the modulation of visual cortical signals during eye movements. [2] He returned to Princeton, where he started studying neural mechanisms of visual attention (i.e. the tendency of visual processing to be confined largely to stimuli that are relevant to behavior). [2]

Research and career

Moore was appointed to the faculty at Stanford University in 2003. [1] He investigates the neural circuits that underlie visual perception, visually guided behavior and cognition. He studies the integration of visual and motor signals, and particularly the influence of motor preparation on visual processing. [3]
Moore showed that visual spatial attention is causally linked to the neurons in prefrontal cortex that control gaze, specifically within the frontal eye fields. [3] [4] [5] His lab also discovered that dopamine transmission in prefrontal cortex regulates prefrontal influence on visual processing in posterior cortex [6] and provided the first evidence of a causal role of posterior parietal cortex in stimulus-driven visual attention. [7]
In the early 2000s, Moore, Michael Graziano and Charlotte Taylor discovered a map of complex movements in motor and premotor cortex. [8]

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

The consciousness and binding problem is the problem of how objects, background and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motor cortex</span> Region of the cerebral cortex

The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements. The motor cortex is an area of the frontal lobe located in the posterior precentral gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus.

David J. Heeger is an American neuroscientist, psychologist, computer scientist, data scientist, and entrepreneur. He is a professor at New York University, Chief Scientific Officer of Statespace Labs, and Chief Scientific Officer and co-founder of Epistemic AI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Premotor cortex</span>

The premotor cortex is an area of the motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain just anterior to the primary motor cortex. It occupies part of Brodmann's area 6. It has been studied mainly in primates, including monkeys and humans. The functions of the premotor cortex are diverse and not fully understood. It projects directly to the spinal cord and therefore may play a role in the direct control of behavior, with a relative emphasis on the trunk muscles of the body. It may also play a role in planning movement, in the spatial guidance of movement, in the sensory guidance of movement, in understanding the actions of others, and in using abstract rules to perform specific tasks. Different subregions of the premotor cortex have different properties and presumably emphasize different functions. Nerve signals generated in the premotor cortex cause much more complex patterns of movement than the discrete patterns generated in the primary motor cortex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supplementary motor area</span> Midline region in front of the motor cortex of the brain

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the motor cortex of primates that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline surface of the hemisphere just in front of the primary motor cortex leg representation. In monkeys the SMA contains a rough map of the body. In humans the body map is not apparent. Neurons in the SMA project directly to the spinal cord and may play a role in the direct control of movement. Possible functions attributed to the SMA include the postural stabilization of the body, the coordination of both sides of the body such as during bimanual action, the control of movements that are internally generated rather than triggered by sensory events, and the control of sequences of movements. All of these proposed functions remain hypotheses. The precise role or roles of the SMA is not yet known.

Microstimulation is a technique that stimulates a small population of neurons by passing a small electrical current through a nearby microelectrode.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl K. Miller</span>

Earl Keith Miller is a cognitive neuroscientist whose research focuses on neural mechanisms of cognitive, or executive, control. Earl K. Miller is the Picower Professor of Neuroscience with the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is the Chief Scientist and co-founder of SplitSage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Desimone</span> American neuroscientist

Robert Desimone is an American neuroscientist who currently serves as the director of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and the Doris and Don Berkey Professor of Neuroscience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Michael Steven Anthony Graziano is an American scientist and novelist who is currently a professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Princeton University. His scientific research focuses on the brain basis of awareness. He has proposed the "attention schema" theory, an explanation of how, and for what adaptive advantage, brains attribute the property of awareness to themselves. His previous work focused on how the cerebral cortex monitors the space around the body and controls movement within that space. Notably he has suggested that the classical map of the body in motor cortex, the homunculus, is not correct and is better described as a map of complex actions that make up the behavioral repertoire. His publications on this topic have had a widespread impact among neuroscientists but have also generated controversy. His novels rely partly on his background in psychology and are known for surrealism or magic realism. Graziano also composes music including symphonies and string quartets.

Richard Alan Andersen is an American neuroscientist. He is the James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. His research focuses on visual physiology with an emphasis on translational research to humans in the field of neuroprosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, and cortical repair.

The Troland Research Awards are an annual prize given by the United States National Academy of Sciences to two researchers in recognition of psychological research on the relationship between consciousness and the physical world. The areas where these award funds are to be spent include but are not limited to areas of experimental psychology, the topics of sensation, perception, motivation, emotion, learning, memory, cognition, language, and action. The award preference is given to experimental work with a quantitative approach or experimental research seeking physiological explanations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wendy Suzuki</span> American neuroscientist

Wendy Suzuki is a Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the New York University Center for Neural Science and popular science communicator. She is the author of Healthy Brain, Happy Life: A Personal Program to Activate Your Brain and Do Everything Better. Since September 1, 2022, she has served as Dean of the New York University College of Arts & Science.

Yang Dan is a Chinese-American neuroscientist. She is the Paul Licht Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology at the University of California, Berkeley and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator. She is a past recipient of the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, Beckman Young Investigator Award, and Society for Neuroscience Research Awards for Innovation in Neuroscience. Recognized for her research on the neural circuits that control behavior, she was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences in 2018.

Social cognitive neuroscience is the scientific study of the biological processes underpinning social cognition. Specifically, it uses the tools of neuroscience to study "the mental mechanisms that create, frame, regulate, and respond to our experience of the social world". Social cognitive neuroscience uses the epistemological foundations of cognitive neuroscience, and is closely related to social neuroscience. Social cognitive neuroscience employs human neuroimaging, typically using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Human brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation are also used. In nonhuman animals, direct electrophysiological recordings and electrical stimulation of single cells and neuronal populations are utilized for investigating lower-level social cognitive processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laura Busse</span> German neuroscientist

Laura Busse is a German neuroscientist and professor of Systemic Neuroscience within the Division of Neurobiology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Busse's lab studies context-dependent visual processing in mouse models by performing large scale in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the thalamic and cortical circuits of awake and behaving mice.

Jessica Cardin is an American neuroscientist who is an associate professor of neuroscience at Yale University School of Medicine. Cardin's lab studies local circuits within the primary visual cortex to understand how cellular and synaptic interactions flexibly adapt to different behavioral states and contexts to give rise to visual perceptions and drive motivated behaviors. Cardin's lab applies their knowledge of adaptive cortical circuit regulation to probe how circuit dysfunction manifests in disease models.

The V1 Saliency Hypothesis, or V1SH is a theory about V1, the primary visual cortex (V1). It proposes that the V1 in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabine Kastner</span> German-born American cognitive neuroscientist

Sabine Kastner is a German-born American cognitive neuroscientist. She is professor of psychology at the Princeton Neuroscience Institute at Princeton University. She also holds a visiting scientist appointment at the University of California at Berkeley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacqueline Gottlieb</span> American neuroscientist and academic

Jacqueline Gottlieb is an American neuroscientist who is a professor of neuroscience and the Principal Investigator at the Columbia University Zuckerman Institute. Her research considers the mechanisms that underlie cognitive function.

Angela Charlotte Roberts is a British neurobiologist who is a professor of physiology at the University of Cambridge. Her research considers the neural circuits that underpin cognition and emotion. She leads the Cambridge Marmoset Research Centre. She was awarded the 2020 Goldman-Rakic Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Cognitive Neuroscience.

References

  1. 1 2 Tirin Moore. OCLC   4780102399.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Tirin Moore | Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  3. 1 2 Tirin Moore; Katherine M Armstrong (1 January 2003). "Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex". Nature . 421 (6921): 370–373. doi:10.1038/NATURE01341. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   12540901. Wikidata   Q48403964.
  4. ↑ Tirin Moore; Mazyar Fallah (16 January 2001). "Control of eye movements and spatial attention". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 (3): 1273–1276. doi:10.1073/PNAS.021549498. ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   14744 . PMID   11158629. Wikidata   Q34659730. (erratum)
  5. ↑ Robert J Schafer; Tirin Moore (26 May 2011). "Selective attention from voluntary control of neurons in prefrontal cortex". Science . 332 (6037): 1568–1571. Bibcode:2011Sci...332.1568S. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1199892. ISSN   0036-8075. PMC   3371378 . PMID   21617042. Wikidata   Q30515718.
  6. ↑ Behrad Noudoost; Tirin Moore (15 May 2011). "Control of visual cortical signals by prefrontal dopamine". Nature . 474 (7351): 372–375. doi:10.1038/NATURE09995. ISSN   1476-4687. PMC   3117113 . PMID   21572439. Wikidata   Q35051072.
  7. ↑ Xiaomo Chen; Marc Zirnsak; Gabriel M Vega; Eshan Govil; Stephen G Lomber; Tirin Moore (29 January 2020). "Parietal Cortex Regulates Visual Salience and Salience-Driven Behavior". Neuron . doi:10.1016/J.NEURON.2020.01.016. ISSN   0896-6273. PMID   32048996. Wikidata   Q89673855.
  8. ↑ Michael S A Graziano; Charlotte S R Taylor; Tirin Moore; Michael S A Graziano; Charlotte S R Taylor (30 May 2002). "Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex". Neuron . 34 (5): 841-51, 841-851. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00698-0. ISSN   0896-6273. PMID   12062029. Wikidata   Q109380565.
  9. ↑ "Minority Fellowship Program". www.apa.org. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  10. ↑ "2009 Troland Research Award Recipients". www.apa.org. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  11. ↑ "Tirin Moore, PhD HHMI Investigator 2014-Present". www.hhmi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  12. ↑ "Seven Black Scholars in the Latest Cohort of New Members of the National Academy of Medicine". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. 2018-01-01. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  13. ↑ News, Stanford (26 January 2021). "Tirin Moore awarded NAS Pradel Research Award | Stanford Report". news.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-28.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  14. ↑ University, Stanford (2021-04-27). "Six faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences". Stanford Today. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  15. ↑ "Honoring Excellence, Electing New Members". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.