Developer(s) | TiDev, Inc. |
---|---|
Stable release | 12.2.0.GA / September 15, 2023 [1] |
Preview release | |
Repository | |
Operating system | macOS , Windows, Linux |
Platform | iOS, Android |
Type | Application framework |
License | Apache Public License v2 |
Website | Titanium SDK |
Titanium SDK is an open-source framework that allows the creation of native mobile applications on platforms iOS and Android from a single JavaScript codebase. [2] It is presently developed by non-profit software foundation TiDev, Inc. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
In February 2013, Business Insider estimated that 10% of all smartphones worldwide ran Titanium-built apps. [9] As of 2017 [update] , Titanium had amassed over 950,000 developer registrations. [10]
The core component of the Titanium software ecosystem is the Apache-licensed software development kit, Titanium SDK. Alloy, a Titanium-based model–view–controller framework, is a related project presently maintained and developed by TiDev, Inc for use with the Titanium SDK.
Titanium SDK was originally developed and maintained by Appcelerator, Inc, then later by Axway, Inc after Axway purchased Appcelerator in 2016. [8] Today the Titanium SDK and related projects are developer-maintained under direction of non-profit Alabama corporation TiDev, Inc. based in Centreville, Alabama. [11]
The core features of Titanium SDK include:
All application source code gets deployed to the mobile device where it is interpreted [12] using a JavaScript engine; Mozilla's Rhino is used on Android, BlackBerry, and Apple's JavascriptCore is used on iOS. [13] In 2011 it was announced that a port to Google's V8 JavaScript engine is in development which, when complete, will significantly improve performance. [14] Program loading takes longer than it does for programs developed with the native SDKs, as the interpreter and all required libraries must be loaded before interpreting the source code on the device can begin.
Titanium provides APIs for:
When it was introduced in December 2008, Titanium was intended for developing cross-platform desktop applications and was sometimes compared to Adobe Air. [15] [16] However, it added support for developing iPhone and Android mobile applications in June 2009, and in 2012, Titanium Desktop was spun off into a separate, community-driven project named TideSDK. [17] [18] Support for developing iPad-based tablet apps was added in April 2010. [19] BlackBerry support was announced in June 2010, [20] and has been in beta since April 2013. Tizen support was also added in April 2013 with the 3.1.0 Titanium Studio and SDK releases. The latest addition to the platform in 2016 has been Hyperloop, a technology to access native API's on iOS, Android and Windows with JavaScript. [21]
In April 2010, Appcelerator expanded the Titanium product line with the Titanium Tablet SDK. The Titanium Tablet SDK draws heavily from the existing support for iPhone, but it also includes native support for iPad-only user interface controls such as split views and popovers. Initially the mobile SDK only supported development for iPad, but support now includes Android-based tablets as well.
In June 2011, Appcelerator released Studio and Titanium Mobile 1.7. [22] Studio is a full open standards IDE that is derived from Aptana Studio which Appcelerator acquired in January 2011.
In June 2013, Jeff Haynie, Appcelerator's CEO, announced that the company had begun Ti.Next, a project to rewrite the Titanium SDK in Javascript for improved performance and to bring Titanium's end users, who write in Javascript, closer to the internal code. [23] In a blog post, he wrote:
We believe JavaScript should be the right language to build Titanium, not just apps on top of the Titanium SDK. With Ti.Next, we've created a small microkernel design that will allow us to have minimal bootstrap code in the native language (C, Java, C#, etc) that talks to a common set of compilers, tools and a single JavaScript Virtual Machine. We have found a way to make the WebKit KJS VM work on multiple platforms instead of using different VMs per platform. This means we can heavily optimize the microkernel (herein after called the "TiRuntime") and maintenance, optimizations and profiling can be greatly simplified. We're talking about ~5KLOC vs. 100K LOC per platform. [24]
In January 2016, Appcelerator was acquired by Axway, a global software company with more than 11,000 public- and private-sector customers in 100 countries. [25] Since then, the Indie plans have been made free again, including native API access with Hyperloop. [26]
Version (before 2021) | Release date |
---|---|
1.0.0 | 9 March 2010 |
1.6.0.GA | 23 February 2011 |
1.7.0.GA | 7 June 2011 |
2.0.0.GA | 30 March 2012 |
2.1.0.GA | 28 June 2012 |
3.0.0.GA | 13 December 2012 |
3.3.0.GA | 16 July 2014 |
3.4.0.GA | 26 September 2014 |
3.5.0.GA | 13 January 2015 |
4.0.0.GA | 20 May 2015 |
4.1.0.GA | 8 July 2015 |
5.0.0.GA | 16 September 2015 |
5.1.0.GA | 20 November 2015 |
5.2.0.GA | 22 February 2016 |
5.3.0.GA | 2 June 2016 |
5.4.0.GA | 10 August 2016 |
5.5.0.GA | 13 September 2016 |
6.0.0.GA | 14 November 2016 |
6.1.0.GA | 26 May 2017 |
6.2.0.GA | 13 September 2017 |
6.3.0.GA | 1 November 2017 |
7.0.0.GA | 8 December 2017 |
7.1.0.GA | 14 March 2018 |
7.2.0.GA | 14 June 2018 |
7.3.0.GA | 17 August 2018 |
7.4.0.GA | 17 September 2018 |
7.5.0.GA | 15 November 2018 |
8.0.0.GA | 14 March 2019 |
8.0.2.GA | 18 June 2019 |
8.1.0.GA | 28 August 2019 |
8.2.0.GA | 14 Novembuer 2019 |
8.3.1.GA | 17 January 2020 |
9.0.0.GA | 18 March 2020 |
9.0.1.GA | 16 April 2020 |
9.0.2.GA | 19 May 2020 |
9.0.3.GA | 10 June 2020 |
9.1.0.GA | 14 August 2020 |
9.2.0.GA | 23 September 2020 |
9.2.1.GA | 6 October 2020 |
9.2.2.GA | 29 October 2020 |
9.3.0.GA | 14 December 2020 |
9.3.1.GA | 25 January 2021 |
9.3.2.GA | 11 February 2021 |
10.0.0.GA | 17 May 2021 |
10.0.1.GA | 28 July 2021 |
10.0.2.GA | 10 August 2021 |
10.1.0.GA | 28 September 2021 |
10.1.1.GA | 19 November 2021 |
11.0.0.GA | 1 July 2022 |
Version (since 2022) | Release date |
---|---|
11.1.0.GA | 8 September 2022 |
11.1.1.GA | 26 September 2022 |
12.0.0.GA | 30 December 2022 |
12.1.0.GA | 24 April 2023 |
12.1.1.GA | 28 April 2023 |
12.1.2.GA | 2 June 2023 |
12.2.0.GA | 15 September 2023 |
with all minor updates and release candidates. [27]
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