![]() The factory behind River Leimbach and Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway just north of Wiesloch-Walldorf station, c.1925. The area would later contain the Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum and Leimbach Park. | |
Formerly | Thonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch GmbH |
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ISIN | DE0007783003 |
Industry | Manufacture of clay building materials Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis Residential care activities for the elderly and disabled human health activities other mining and quarrying real estate activities residential nursing care activities ![]() |
Founded | 15 March 1897 [1] |
Defunct | 14 December 1994 |
Fate | Closed 1989 |
Successor |
|
Headquarters | , Baden |
Products | Roof tiles; Insulated foam |
Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch (TIW AG , originally Thonwaaren-Industrie Wiesloch GmbH, abbreviated Ton) [2] was a brickworks which existed in Wiesloch, Germany between 1895 and 1989. It was one of the largest and most significant factories in Germany. [3] The factory was located just north of Wiesloch-Walldorf station and was the largest employer in Wiesloch. [4]
Raw clay material was excavated from a clay pit in the Dämmelwald forest on the north-west side of Wiesloch. This clay material was located at an elevation of 120 metres above sea level within the Upper Rhine Graben. [5]
The factory contained one of many industrial 600 mm gauge railways in Germany. Use of the narrow-gauge trains to fetch material from the clay pit finished in 1979. [3] Since 2001 the Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum has been based at part of the north end of the site, and since 2016 the Leimbach Park has been built on the south end of the site, with the rest of the area transformed into an industrial zone.
The brickworks was situated in a concentrated node of industry activity around Wiesloch-Walldorf station. [6] [7] In the vicinity were also the Kälberer sand mine (Bausteinwerke Kälberer), the Wiesloch power station (Licht- und Kraftversorgung Wiesloch), the Southern Germany Metal factory (Süddeutschen Metallwerken) and oven manufacturer Welker and Wimmer. [6] In 1912 TIW employed 350 people out of the around one thousand people working in the factories around the station, many of whom lived in the planned village of Frauenweiler . [6]
During the 1920s, the factory produced 12 million roof tiles per year. These were tiles required mining and transport of 31,500 cubic metres (1,110,000 cu ft) of clay, which was turned into slurry. During the frost-free months of the year, this clay-water slurry mixture was distributed in 33,000 square metres (360,000 sq ft) of settling basins. These basins covered 40% of the factory land, as compared to the factory buildings which covered 2.5% of the land. [8]
In the main years of operation clay was extracted from the Dämmelwald clay pit situation at Parkstraße 6, Wiesloch. [9] In 1988 it was decided to maintain a minimum thickness of 2.5 metres of residual clay as a protection layer for the surrounding ground water. [10] It was decided to not permit hazardous waste to be deposited. [11] In 1992 the pit was re-opened as a landfill site accepting building materials, with 870,000 tonnes of material deposited between 1992 and 2017. [9]
On 2 May 1896, Ludwig Schweizer from Bruchsal arranged a contract with the Town of Wiesloch for the extraction of clay. [12] Followed by, on 15 September 1896, an application was made for a private siding connection to the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway at Wiesloch-Walldorf station. [12]
Starting in 1906, a 2-kilometre narrow gauge railway started operating, using locomotive power. [7] The route of the narrow gauge railway was planned by the Town of Wiesloch. [12] Between 1 and 20 May 1907 the company took part in the International Art and Huge Horticultural Exhibition/Anniversary Exhibition of Mannheim 1907 which took place in the vicinity of the Mannheim Augustaanlage (de). [13]
On 22 July 1916, a fire burnt down most of the factory. [12] In the time period leading up to 1918, production at the factory ceased for approximately three years, during which dividends could not be paid out. [14] At the Annual Meeting, 639 shares were represented and the company's balance and profit were reduced. [14]
On 7 May 1920 an Extraordinary General Meeting was called to increase the capital in the company from 600,000 Marks to 2,350,000 Marks. [15]
In the 1920s the firm allowed free use of their equipment for research by the Geology and Paleontology Institute of the University of Heidelberg. [16]
From 1929 the company had a co-operation with the Carl Ludowici Ziegelwerke (de) at Jockgrim allowing the manufacture based on the Ludowici Ziegelwerke interlocking system. [2]
On 22 March 1945, eighty-percent of the factory burnt down again. [2] [17] One year later oven 3 was restored to operation in March 1946, followed by oven 2 on 6 April 1947 and oven 1 on 23 January 1950. [2]
On 21 July 1991 the fifty-metre-high chimney of the Tonwarenindustrie Wielsoch was demolished. [2]
Following closure of the factory and clearing of the site, a few buildings remained: [18]
Three further buildings were advertised for sale by the City of Wiesloch in May 2006. [19]
The factory used a large number of narrow gauge locomotives, the first steam locomotive from Orenstein & Koppel arriving in 1905, and a second in 1921. From the mid-1930s onwards these were replaced by diesel-powered narrow gauge locomotives. When the narrow gauge system stopped operating there were seven locomotives. [18]
TIW | Gauge | Manufacturer | Model | Number | Built | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAN AG | 1027 | 1898 | stationary steam engine, power generation [21] | |||
MAN AG | 1934 | stationary steam engine, power generation [22] | ||||
MAN AG | LE 5 a | 5081 | 1935 | stationary steam engine, power generation, scrapped 1985 [23] | ||
600 | Orenstein & Koppel | Bt | 1792 | 1905 | 30 horsepower steam locomotive | |
600 | Orenstein & Koppel | Bt | 9169 | 1921 | steam locomotive | |
1435 | Breuer | I-III | ~1927 | |||
276 | 1435 | Breuer | V | 3011 | 1948 | 1980‒ out-of-use; [24] spare parts donor, Neustadt/Weinstrasse Railway Museum [25] [26] |
600 | Deutz AG | OMZ122 F | 11781 | 1934 | ||
600 | Deutz AG | F2M414 F | 47032 | 1950 | Scrapped outside Locomotive Shed in Wiesloch (‒February 1979) [27] | |
600 | Deutz AG | A2L514 F | 56406 | 1956 | Preserved, Stumpfwald Railway (1990–); under restoration (2017) | |
10 | 600 | Diema | DS40 | 1930 | 1956 | Preserved, Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum (2016–) [28] [29] |
6/9 | 600 | Diema | DS28 | 2690 | 1964 | Preserved, Britzer Garten (–2006); whereabouts unknown (2006–) [emma 1] [30] [31] |
600 | Henschel & Son | DG 26 II | 1766 | 1939 | ||
600 | Henschel & Son | DG 26 II | 1775 | 1939 | Preserved, Guldental/Heddesheim Feldbahn Museum (June 1988–) [32] [33] [34] | |
600 | Henschel & Son | DG 13 IV | 2174 | 1954 | ||
600 | Henschel & Son | DG 26 IV | 2261 | 1952 | Preserved, Lengerich, Westphalia (1989–) [35] |
The Neckar is a 362-kilometre-long (225 mi) river in Germany, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, with a short section through Hesse. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the Rhine. Rising in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis near Schwenningen in the Schwenninger Moos conservation area at a height of 706 m (2,316 ft) above sea level, it passes through Rottweil, Rottenburg am Neckar, Kilchberg, Tübingen, Wernau, Nürtingen, Plochingen, Esslingen, Stuttgart, Ludwigsburg, Marbach, Heilbronn and Heidelberg, before discharging on average 145 m3/s (5,100 cu ft/s) of water into the Rhine at Mannheim, at 95 m (312 ft) above sea level, making the Neckar its 4th largest tributary, and the 10th largest river in Germany. Since 1968, the Neckar has been navigable for cargo ships via 27 locks for about 200 kilometres (120 mi) upstream from Mannheim to the river port of Plochingen, at the confluence with the Fils.
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Walldorf is a town in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Wiesloch is a town in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 13 kilometres south of Heidelberg. After Weinheim, Sinsheim and Leimen, it is the fourth largest town in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. It shares Wiesloch-Walldorf station with its neighbouring town Walldorf. Also in the vicinity of Wiesloch are Dielheim, Malsch, Mühlhausen, Rauenberg and Sankt Leon-Rot.
Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria was queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William IV. By birth, she was a Bavarian princess from the House of Wittelsbach; she was related to the ruling houses of Austria and Saxony through the marriages of her sisters. She supported her husband's interests in art and made charitable donations.
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The Leimbach Park is a linear park and 100-year flood prevention scheme opened in October 2016 in Wiesloch, Germany. It is part of a larger ecological enhancement of the River Leimbach. The park follows the River Leimbach downstream from Wiesloch to a larger 1.4-hectare (3.5-acre) area just north of Wiesloch-Walldorf station, part of the former Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch brickworks.
The Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum is a narrow-gauge railway and industrial heritage open-air museum established in 2001, at Wiesloch, Germany. The museum is centred around the former locomotive shed of the Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch (TIW) brickworks, and houses industrial equipment from large excavators to small machine tools, plus large and small locomotives.
H0f gauge, occasional as H0i gauge designated, is a rail transport modelling scale representing Feldbahn-style 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways using 1:87 HO scale running on Z gauge 6.5-millimetre (0.26 in) track. The Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen NEM 010 specification defines H0f for modelling gauges 400–650 millimetres (16–26 in), as part of the 1:87-scale family that includes narrow-gauge railway models using H0e gauge and metre-gauge railway models using H0m gauge.
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Die „Tonwarenfabrik Wiesloch" wurde am 15. März 1897 gegründet.
Eine der auch früher schon grossen und bedeutenden Ziegeleibetriebe war die Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch (TIW).
Historischer Feldbahnlokschuppen (In den Weinäckern): Historischer Lokschuppen der früheren Großziegelei "Thonwahren-Industrie Wiesloch", einstmals der größte Arbeitgeber der Stadt.
3.5 Tongrube am Dämmelwald der TIW, Wiesloch … Die Tongrube liegt nordwestlich von Wiesloch auf einer Höhe von ca. 120 m ü. NN. … Tertiary marly mud- and siltstones are exposed in the clay pit "am Dämmelwald" near Wiesloch. The clay minerals are illite, kaolinite and smectite. The mudstones are used as raw material for the brick industry. The whole clay pit area is suited as waste site for non-hazardous materials.
Der Standort war insofern gut gewählt, als in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft der Bahnhof Wiesloch-Walldorf mit seinem Industrieknoten lag, der sich bereits in der Weimarer Republik herauskristallisiert hatte. In verschiedenen Betrieben wie der Tonwarenindustrie, den Kälberer Bausteinwerken, der Licht- und Kraftversorgung Wiesloch, den Süddeutschen Metallwerken und dem Backofenhersteller Welker und Wimmer waren circa 1000 Arbeiter beschäftigt, die zum größten Teil in den umliegenden Ortschaften in „trostlosen Wohnverhältnissen" lebten, wie es in einem zeitgenössischen Dokument heißt.
Thonwaaren-Industrie Wiesloch Akt.-Ges. in Wiesloch. … Die Fabrikgrundstüecke liegen an der Bahnstation Wiesloch und umfassen ausser den Thongruben etwa 318799 qm. Fläche. … Die Fabrikat.-Masch. werden durch 2 Kompound-Dampfmasch. von 150 bzw. 160 HP. betrieben. … Nach den von den Fabrikanlagen 2 km entfernten Thongruben, wo sich die eine Schlämmerei befindet … 1906 umfassende Erweiterung des Unternehmens bestehend in der Vergrösserung der Schlämmanlagen, Erbauung einer Backsteinfabrik und der hierfür erforderl. Schmalspurbahn mir Lokomotivbetrieb; diese Neubauten erfordern M. 665 867, sonst. Zugänge 1906: M. 192 069
Bild 7.98c. Eine Vorstellung von der Gesamtgröße der erforderlichen Absetzbecken gibt der Grundriß des Betriebsgeländes des Dachziegelwerks Tonwarenindustrie Wiesloch AG in Wiesloch/Baden um 1920.
Einhaltung der 2,50 Meter dicken Rest-Tonschicht überwachen … Auch eine Verfüllung mit Hausmüll will Rothenhöfer nicht ausschließen … Einlandung der TIW AG in der Tongrube ein Bild von der Situation verschafft.
Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch Akt.-Ges. (Wiesloch). Bei der gesellschaft, dren Fabrik vor drei Jahren größtenteils abbramnte und bisher nicht wieder nuigebaut werden konnte, kann eine Dividende wider nicht berteilt werden. Die Unterbilanz (i. V. 51705 M bei 1,75 Mill, M Kapital) dürfte sich nur unwesentlich erhöhen, … Die Hauptversammlung, in welcher 639 Aktien vertreten waren, gerbmigte Bilanz- und Gewinn- und Verlust-Rechnung
Thonwaaren-Industrie Wiesloch Akt.-Ges. (Wiesloch). Die Hauptversammlung am 7. Mai soli auch über Erhöhung des Grundkapitals um 600 000 M auf 2 350 000 M Beschluß fassen.
… grubengeländes, die Zezirkssparkasse Eberbach, gestattete die Anlage von Neuaufschlüssen. Die Stadtverwaltung Eberbach kam unserem Vorhaben in jeder Weise entgegen. Der Der Bürgermeister der Stadt Eberbach, Herr Dr. Schmeisser, stellte für die Durchführung der Aufgrabungen und Bohrungen kostenlos Arbeitskrafte der Stadtverwaltung, die ihre Aufgrabe mit besondrem Verständnis ausführten, zur Verflügung. Herr Stadtbaumeister Bansbach, Leiter des Stadtbauamtes, untersüzte dir Durchführung der Untersuchungen jederzeit in entgegenkommendster Weise. Das Bohrgerät stellte die Tonindustrie Wiesloch A.-G. zur Verfügung. Die laufenden Unkosten trug das Geologisch-Paläontologische Institut Heidelberg aus den von der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften für die Untersuchung des Problembereichs Mauer zur Verfügung gestellten Mitteln. Dozent Dr. F. Heller-Heidelberg lieh seine Mithilfe draußen bei der Ausbeutuug der fossilführenden Schicht, damit kein etwaiger Kleinsaeugerrest seinen geuebten Augen entgehen sollte. Allen sei auch an dieser Stelle der berbindlichste Dank ausgesprochen.
Am 1. März 1969 beging Herr Direktor Karl Wagner, Wiesloch, seiner 65. Geburtsag und am 1. April 1959 kann er sein 25jaehriges Vorstandsjubiläum bei der Tonwarenindustrie Wiesloch AG feiren. … Am 1. April 1934 wurde er in den Vorstand der Tonwarenindustrie Wiesloch AG berufen. … am 22. März 1945, wurde das Werk Wiesloch … durch Bomben und Feuer zu etwas 80% zerstört. … Insbesondere wurde ein moderner Tonsilo miteinem Fassungsvermoegen von ca. 18 000 cbm Rohmaterial errichtet.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)…Gelaende der ehemaligen Tonwarenindustrie blieben nach der Umwandlung der Flaeche in ein neues Industriegebiet das Wohnhaus, die Kantine, das Verwaltungsgebauede und der Lokomotivschuppen stehen. …leer, sind vom Verfall bedroht, … Damit kommt sie dem einstigen Zweck des Schuppens nach, der zur Unterbringng [sic] der zwischen Tongrube und Fabrike eingesetzten Feldbahnlokomotiven (zuletzt sieben Diesellokomotiven) diente. Durch die mit "TIW 1905" gestempelten Dachziegel wurde die Bauzeit des Gebauedes ermittelt. Karl Schweinfurth vom Fachbereich Liegenschaften … 2250 Quadratmeter Flaeche … Wert von 300 000 Mark. Der Verein selst wuerde das Gebaeude sanieren.
276; Breuer; 3011/1949; V; 07/68; … lt. MA Ludwigshafen 1980: außer Betrieb
Breuer … Typ V … Fabriknummer 3011 … Baujahr 1948 … LfB-Nummer: 276 … [als Ersatzteilspender für Eisenbahnmuseum Neustadt
[Amtlichen Numerierungen] 276; [Herstellerdaten] Breuer 3011/1949; [Typ] V; [Betreiber] Tonwarenindustrie Wiesloch, Wiesloch
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: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)1956 wurde sie direkt aus der Diepholzer Maschinenfabrik Fritz Schöttler (Diema) an die TIW geliefert, bis zur Stilllegung der Feldbahnen Anfang der 1980er Jahre … Restaurierung notwendig … auch ihr ursprüngliches grünes Farbkleid erhält.
weinrote Lok 21 vom Typ DS 40 mit ihrem gewölbten Führerhausdach … Fabrikneu gelangte sie an die TIW Tonwaren-Industrie in Wiesloch (Baden). Im Juni 1988 ging sie … Uli Mihlan … Reindlstollen … konnten wir die Lok im April 1989 [ sic ] … 45 PS … seit 1991 ihr jetziges Farbkleid // [ sic ] ex. U.Mihland/Reindlstollen
Die Diema DL8 ist die Fabriknummer 1904 Baujhar 1956. … Stumpfwaldbahn … Namen "Emma 1", auch heute noch vorhanden. … gelegentlich mit der Diema 2690 Baujahr 1964 verwechselt. (DS20 ex TIW Wiesloch). … die 2690 seit den Zeiten am Reindl-Stollen (und vermutlich bis heute) das Fabrikschild der 1903 [ sic ] trägt. … wo die Diema 2690 abgeblieben ist? … Berlin bei der Britzer Parkeisenbahn. … 2006 nachdem sie bei ebay
Odenwälder Kleinbahn, Reindl-Stollen, Eisenberg (600); B-dm Diema 2960/ DS28, 28 PS, ex Tonwarenindustrie Wiesloch
1775 / 1939 … Heddesheimer Feldbahnmuseum … Bis zum Juni 1988 war sie dort vorhanden, dort die Nummer 17. … .
Am stand … Foto: Andreas Christopher … blaue Lok 17 ist eine DG 26 … Neu geliefert hatte Henschel sie an die TIW Tonwaren-Industrie Wiesloch (Baden) … im Juni 1988 erstehen konnten … Fabrik-Nr. 1775 Baujahr 1940 Gewicht 5,4t Leistung 26/29 PS.
Lok Nr.17; Henschel DG 26; Diesellokomotive; Baujahr 1940; Gewicht 5,5 t; Motor 26 PS; Von 1940 bis 1988 war die Lok bei der TIW Tonwarenindustrie, in Wiesloch beheimatet. Nach dem Erwerb durch die Gebrüder Faust im Jahre 1988, wurde sie schrittweise wieder restauriert.
[Nummer] 19; [Hersteller] Henschel; [Typ] DG 26; [Fabrik Nummer] D 2261; [Baujahr] 1952 [Antrieb] Diesel; [Status] BUA
Der Direktion der Wieslocher Tongruben, ganz besonders aber dem Betriebsleiter Schmidt, sowie dem Aufseher Gerber, die mir die Erlaubnis zum Besuche der Tongruben gaben und mir bereitwilligst Auskunft erteilten, bin ich ebenfalls zu großem Dank verpflichtet.
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