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A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts.
A concerto is, from the late Baroque era, mostly understood as an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble. The typical three-movement structure, a slow movement preceded and followed by fast movements, became a standard from the early 18th century.
Overture is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".
The term string quartet can refer to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two violinists, a violist, and a cellist.
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Sinfonia concertante is an orchestral work, normally in several movements, in which one or more solo instruments contrast with the full orchestra. It emerged as a musical form during the Classical period of Western music from the Baroque concerto grosso. Sinfonia concertante encompasses the symphony and the concerto genres, a concerto in that soloists are on prominent display, and a symphony in that the soloists are nonetheless discernibly a part of the total ensemble and not preeminent. Sinfonia concertante is the ancestor of the double and triple concerti of the Romantic period corresponding approximately to the 19th century.
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Alsatian conductor Charles Munch was one of the most widely recorded symphonic conductors of the twentieth century. Here is a partial list of his recordings.
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The Hoffnung Music Festivals were a series of humorous classical music festivals created by cartoonist and amateur tuba player Gerard Hoffnung and held in the Royal Festival Hall in London. The concerts consisted of humorous works specially commissioned from well-known composers of the day.
The Toy Symphony, Op. 62, is a symphony scored for strings, piano and toy instruments, composed by Malcolm Arnold in 1957. The instruments specified are: quail whistle, cuckoo whistle, trumpet in F, trumpet in C, trumpet in G, three dulcimers, triangle, cymbal and drum, with piano and string quartet.
References
Notes
- ↑ See the title page, including incipit in staff notation, at "Toy Symphony, title page".
Citations
- ↑ Ewen, David (1965). The Complete Book of Classical Music. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. p. 201.
- ↑ Description by Uncle Dave Lewis. "Toy Symphony (Cassation), for toys, 2 oboes, 2 horns & strings in G major (formerly K. 63) – Leopold Mozart | Details, Parts / Movements and Recordings". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
- ↑ Benstock, Seymour (June 14, 2013). Did You Know?: A Music Lover's Guide to Nicknames, Titles, and Whimsy. USA: Trafford Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 9781466972926.
- ↑ "15. Wer komponierte die weltbekannte Kindersinfonie?". Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ↑ Illing, Robert. "Haydn's Toy Symphony", in Music & Letters , vol. 78, no 1, February 1997, p. 143 JSTOR 737529
- ↑ Davies, Hugh. 'Toy Instruments', in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ↑ Todd, Larry R. 'Felix Mendelssohn' in Grove Music Online (2001)
- ↑ Symphonie burlesque, Op. 62, IMSP
- ↑ Toy Symphonies, Naxos CD 9.81017 (2013)
- ↑ Toy Symphonies and Other Fun, conductor Raymond Lewenthal. Angel Records S-36080 (1975)
- ↑ Score at IMSLP
- ↑ Kinder-Sinfonie, Op.239, IMSLP
- ↑ Craggs, Stewart R. Malcolm Arnold: A Bio-bibliography (1998), p 39
- ↑ published by UMP
- ↑ Arnold, Toy Symphony, Wise Music Classical
- ↑ Horovitz, Jubilee Toy Symphony, Wise Music Classical
- ↑ Johnson, Edmond T. 'Toy Instrument (USA)' in Grove Music Online (2001).
