This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2021) |
Toyomiyazaki Bunko | |
---|---|
豊宮崎文庫 | |
![]() Toyomiyazaki Bunko | |
General information | |
Town or city | Ise, Mie, Japan |
Country | Japan |
Coordinates | 34°29′06″N136°42′32.6″E / 34.48500°N 136.709056°E |
Opened | 1648 |
The Toyomiyazaki Bunkō (豊宮崎文庫) was a library and academy in the Edo period located in the Okamoto neighborhood of the city of Ise, Mie, Japan. It was an important resource for kokugaku scholars in the Bakumatsu period. Along with the Kanazawa Bunko and Ashikaga Bunko, it was one of the largest and most important collections in pre-modern Japan. The building once housing the collection was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1923. [1]
The Toyomiyazaki Bunko was located to the south of Ise city and east of the Gekū (Outer Shrine) of the Ise Grand Shrine. There are records that a library existed at the Ise Grand Shrine since at least the Nara period, and was a resource used in the training of Shinto priests. This collection expanded through the Kamakura period to include ancient histories and documents, as well as books imported from China. However, during the Nanboku-chō period, the collection was split between the Naikū and Gekū which were also divided in their support between the Northern Court and the Southern Court. Despite efforts to protect the collections by relocating to other locations, a large part of the collection was destroyed in the conflict, or was dispersed to many private collectors. In the 1640s, one of the priests at the Gekū despaired at poor training priests were receiving and set about to restore the collection through donations and by copying ancient texts. He formed a lay association of 70 people in 1648 and acquired a building for use as a library, with an attached hall where visiting scholars gave lectures on a monthly basis. When word of this spread, the new library began to receive donations from Kii Domain, Matsue Domain, Mito Domain and others, including some texts owned by the noted scholar Hayashi Razan. Three of the founders received court ranks from Emperor Go-Kōmyō. [2]
The library received an initial stipend of 200 koku from the Tokugawa shogunate, of which 20 koku was used to buy rice land to provide revenue for ongoing maintenance of the facilities. The library's charter specially forbid additional rice land purchases, but stated that funds should go primarily to the purchase of books, or the copying of texts which could not be acquired through donation or purchase. Enrollment was organized into an annual event, and members could borrow up to two works at one time, for a one month period. The books could not be removed from the city limits. Non-members could view works on the premises with permission of the guards.
The library itself was an eight by three bay building, with separate buildings for lectures and for receiving guests, as well as a small shrine dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane. The compound was surrounded by a high earthen wall. The buildings were renovated in 1688, 1782 and in 1815. By the time of the Meiji restoration, it is estimated that the library contained over 20,000 volumes and was a center for Shinto education.
The new Meiji government seized the collection and the buildings of the Toyomiyazaki Bunko were converted into an elementary school and the lecture hall burned down in 1891. The books were entrusted to a ryokan owner in Ujiyamada, but were kept under poor conditions. Over the years, numerous efforts were made by local groups to restore the Toyomiyazaki Bunko, and these efforts came to a head when it was discovered that many of the works had been illegally sold off onto the black market, and that the site of the Toyomiyazaki Bunko had been sold off to private developers. The association to restore Toyomiyazaki Bunko managed to purchase back the site, as well as more than 18,000 books of then collection. The books were given to the Jingū Library in 1897, and the land with its surviving buildings became a National Historic Site in 1923. The only original structures remaining are the tile-roofed front gate, and a part of the outer wall of the complex. The complete scale of the site is unknown, as only a portion of the land could be bought back by the association. [2]
The site is a seven-minute walk from Iseshi Station on the JR Sangū Line. [2]
Emperor Suinin, also known as Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto (活目入彦五十狭茅天皇) was the 11th legendary Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Less is known about Suinin than his father, and likewise he is also considered to be a "legendary emperor". Both the Kojiki, and the Nihon Shoki record events that took place during Suinin's alleged lifetime. This legendary narrative tells how he ordered his daughter Yamatohime-no-mikoto to establish a new permanent shrine for Amaterasu, which eventually became known as the Ise Grand Shrine. Other events that were recorded concurrently with his reign include the origins of Sumo wrestling in the form of a wrestling match involving Nomi no Sukune.
Mie Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 and has a geographic area of 5,774 square kilometers (2,229 sq mi). Mie Prefecture is bordered by Gifu Prefecture to the north, Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest, Nara Prefecture to the west, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Aichi Prefecture to the east.
Ise, formerly called Ujiyamada (宇治山田), is a city in central Mie Prefecture, on the island of Honshū, Japan. Ise is home to Ise Grand Shrine, the most sacred Shintō shrine in Japan. The city has a long-standing title – Shinto (神都) – that roughly means "the Holy City", and literally means "the Capital of the Kami". As of 31 July 2021, the city had an estimated population of 123,533 in 55,911 households and a population density of 590 people per km². The total area of the city is 208.53 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi).
The Grand Shrine of Ise, located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the solar goddess Amaterasu. Officially known simply as Jingū (神宮), Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, Naikū (内宮) and Gekū (外宮).
A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more kami, the deities of the Shinto religion.
Itsukushima (厳島) is an island in the western part of the Inland Sea of Japan, located in the northwest of Hiroshima Bay. It is popularly known as Miyajima (宮島), which in Japanese means "Shrine Island". The island is one of Hayashi Gahō's Three Views of Japan specified in 1643. Itsukushima is part of the city of Hatsukaichi in Hiroshima Prefecture. The island was part of the former town of Miyajima before the 2005 merger with Hatsukaichi.
Ōhi Shrine, also known as Funabashi Daijingū (船橋大神宮), is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu located in the city of Funabashi in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
The Saikū (斎宮) was a palace complex located in what is now the Takegawa neighborhood of the town of Meiwa, Taki District, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Forming a small village, it was established in the Nara period as the palace and public offices of the Saiō, an unmarried Imperial princess who served at Ise Shrine on behalf of the emperor, and fell into ruins in the Nanboku-chō period. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1979. The Saikū is also referred to as the "Bamboo Palace", Saigū, Itsuki no Miya, Iwai no Miya or Imimiya
The Katori Shrine is a Shintō shrine in the city of Katori in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the ichinomiya of former Shimōsa Province, and is the head shrine of the approximately 400 Katori shrines around the country. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 14, with a three-day Grand Festival held every 12 years.
Toyouke-Ōmikami is the goddess of agriculture and industry in the Shinto religion. Originally enshrined in the Tanba region of Japan, she was called to reside at Gekū, Ise Shrine, about 1,500 years ago at the age of Emperor Yūryaku to offer sacred food to Amaterasu Ōmikami, the Sun Goddess.
Shinmei-zukuri (神明造) is an ancient Japanese architectural style typical of Ise Grand Shrine's honden, the holiest of Shinto shrines. It is most common in Mie Prefecture.
Kagoshima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kirishima, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. One of the 2,861 shrines listed in the Engishiki, it is the first shrine in the historic Osumi Province. It is dedicated to Hoori, Toyotama-hime, Emperor Chūai, Emperor Ōjin and Empress Jingū. It is classified as a Beppyo shrine, according to the Association of Shinto Shrines. Historically it was also known by the names "Osumi Sho Hachimangu" and "Kokubu Hachimangu".
Until the Meiji period (1868–1912), the jingū-ji were places of worship composed of a Buddhist temple and a Shintō shrine, both dedicated to a local kami. These complexes were born when a temple was erected next to a shrine to help its kami with its karmic problems. At the time, kami were thought to be also subjected to karma, and therefore in need of a salvation only Buddhism could provide. Having first appeared during the Nara period (710–794), jingū-ji remained common for over a millennium until, with few exceptions, they were destroyed in compliance with the Kami and Buddhas Separation Act of 1868. Seiganto-ji is a Tendai temple part of the Kumano Sanzan Shinto shrine complex, and as such can be considered one of the few shrine-temples still extant.
Kitabatake Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Misugi neighborhood of the city of Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the Fifteen Shrines of the Kenmu Restoration. The main kami enshrined is the deified spirit of the imperial loyalist Kitabatake Akiyoshi and other members of the Kitabatake clan. The shrine's main festival is held annually on October 13.
The Serada Tōshō-gū (世良田東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōta Gunma Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the year 2000, it was one of the eleven sites connected with the Nitta-no-shō which were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan.
The Former Mitsuke School is a surviving Giyōfū-style Meiji period school building located in the city of Iwata, Shizuoka in the Tōkai region of Japan. The building was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1996.
The Hayashizaki Bunkō (林崎文庫) was a library and academy in the Edo period located in the Ujiimazaikecho neighborhood of the city of Ise, Mie, Japan. It was an important resource for kokugaku scholars in the Bakumatsu period. The building once housing the collection was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1954.
Izawa-no-miya (伊雑宮) is a Shinto shrine in the Kaminogō neighborhood of Isobe in the city of Shima in Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Shima Province. Together with the Takihara-no-miya (瀧原宮) in Taiki, it is one of the Amaterasu-Ōkami no Tonomiya (天照大神の遙宮), or external branches of the Inner Shrine of the Ise Grand Shrine.
Jingūkyō (神宮教) is a sect of Shinto that originated from Ise Grand Shrine, the Ise faith. It was not technically a Sect Shinto group but had characteristics of one. It was founded in 1882, and was reorganized into the Jingū Service Foundation in 1899.
Jingū Taima is an ōnusa wrapped in clean Ise washi and issued by the Ise Grand Shrine. They are a form of ofuda. The Association of Shinto Shrines recommends every household have at last three Ofuda in their Kamidana, a Jingu Taima, an Ujigami ofuda, and another deity one personally chooses.