Trans-Sahara Highway

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The Trans-Sahara Highway or TAH 2, formally the Trans-Saharan Road Corridor (TSR), [1] and also known as the African Unity Road, [2] is a transnational infrastructure project to facilitate trade, transportation, and regional integration among six African countries: Algeria, Chad, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Tunisia. [2] It runs roughly 4,500 km (3,106 mi) north to south across the Sahara desert from Algiers, Algeria on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa to Lagos, Nigeria on the Atlantic coast of West Africa; subsequently, it is sometimes known as the Algiers–Lagos Highway or Lagos–Algiers Highway.

Contents

The TSR is one of the oldest and most complete transnational highways in Africa, having been proposed in 1962, with construction of sections in the Sahara starting in the 1970s. [1] In addition to paving and widening existing roads, the corridor includes thousands of kilometres of cable as part of the "Trans-Saharan Fibre Optic Backbone", a multinational project to increase high-speed telecommunications across the region. [3] The physical infrastructure is to be complemented by policies relaxing cross-border trade and migration and developing logistical services. [1]

The TSR is one of nine Trans-African Highways (TAH) being developed by United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Union (AU), the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) with the support of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, UNCTAD, and other regional and international organizations.

As of 2022, the majority of the highway has been complete, with the central section between Algeria and Niger still being paved. [2]

Schild TAH2.svg
Trans-African Highway 2
Trans-Sahara Highway.PNG
Route information
Length4,504 km (2,799 mi)
Major junctions
North endSchild TAH1.svg TAH 1 in Algiers, Algeria
Major intersectionsSchild TAH5.svg TAH 5, in Kano, Nigeria
South endSchild TAH7.svg TAH 7 and Schild TAH8.svg TAH 8 in Lagos, Nigeria
Location
Highway system
← Schild TAH1.svg TAH 1 → Schild TAH3.svg TAH 3

Route and status

Overall features, length and condition

Trans-Sahara Highway between Laghouat and Ghardaia in Algeria Empty road in Sahara.jpg
Trans-Sahara Highway between Laghouat and Ghardaia in Algeria

The Trans-Sahara Highway [4] has a length of about 4,500 km of which about 98% has been paved. It passes through three countries: Algeria, Niger and Nigeria. However, an additional 3,600 km of linked highways to Tunisia, Mali, Chad and Mauritania are considered by planners to be integral to the Trans-Sahara Highway network. The six member countries represent 27% of the continent's GDP and 25% of its population.

The 1,200 km of the highway in Nigeria are part of that country's national paved road network and include nearly 500 km of four-lane divided sections, but highway maintenance is frequently deficient and parts of the road may be in poor condition.

About half the highway, over 2,300 km, lies in Algeria and is mostly in good condition, with the newest sections south of Tamanrasset. From the Algerian border town of In Guezzam to 'Point Zero' on the Niger border is now sealed, with a sand berm extending to either side to disrupt migrant trafficking. [5]

Niger has 985 km of the highway and in 2023 some 900 km had been asphalted, although parts are in poor condition in the south. Further details are given below.

Another crossing of the Sahara was proposed for the Tripoli–Cape Town Highway (Trans-African Highway 3) but this route requires a great deal more construction, faces problems of instability and lawlessness in southern Libya and northern Chad, and is not likely to stimulate trade to the same extent as TAH 2. It may be decades away from completion.

Two other Trans-African Highways cross the Sahara, but at its edges. In 2005 the Cairo–Dakar Highway (TAH 1) in the west along the Atlantic coast became the first fully sealed highway crossing the Sahara from north to south (barring a few kilometres in No Man's Land between Morocco/Western Sahara and Mauritania). [6] The Cairo–Cape Town Highway (TAH 4) follows the Nile in the east, the previous long unpaved sections in Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya have since been significantly improved. The highway from Nanyuki in Kenya to Moyale at the Ethiopian border is an excellent tarmac road. The roads in Ethiopia and Sudan are all tarmac of good quality as of October 2020.

Announced in 2018, [7] by 2019 a third trade route opened up between Algeria and Mauritania, but has yet to be classified. Established during the French colonial era as a link between Algiers with Dakar to avoid what was then the Spanish Sahara on the Atlantic, it was closed in 1963. Currently tarmac ends on the Algerian border just south of Tindouf and resumes some 900-kilometres later at Zouerat, passing through Bir Moghrein. [8]

Route

Roadway in the Algerian Sahara Algeria N1(1991)a.jpg
Roadway in the Algerian Sahara
Tracks and abandoned vehicles near the border to Niger Hoggarpiste1991.jpg
Tracks and abandoned vehicles near the border to Niger
Road sign in Niger Hoggarpiste1991a.jpg
Road sign in Niger

The cities and countries served, and status of the road are as follows.

In Algeria

See also: Algeria–Niger border

In Niger

See also: Niger-Nigeria border

In Nigeria

In summary, although ageing paved sections will always deteriorate and require maintenance, currently less than 100 km of the route east of Assamaka remains a marked sandy track. The Trans-Sahara Highway via the central Sahara may well soon be sealed.

The Trans-Sahara Highway intersects with:

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tamanrasset Province</span> Province of Algeria

Tamanrasset or Tamanghasset is a province (wilaya) in southern Algeria. It is named after its province seat, Tamanrasset. The province is the home of two national parks: Ahaggar National Park and Tassili n'Ajjer National Park. It is the largest province in Algeria, with an area of 336,839 km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans-Saharan trade</span> Trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa

Trans-Saharan trade is trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa that requires travel across the Sahara. Though this trade began in prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century CE. The Sahara once had a different climate and environment. In Libya and Algeria, from at least 7000 BCE, pastoralism, large settlements and pottery were present. Cattle were introduced to the Central Sahara (Ahaggar) between 4000 to 3500 BCE. Remarkable rock paintings in arid regions portray flora and fauna that are not present in the modern desert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">In Guezzam</span> Town and commune in Algeria

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tamanrasset</span> City in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria

Tamanrasset, also known as Tamanghasset or Tamenghest, is an oasis city and capital of Tamanrasset Province in southern Algeria, in the Ahaggar Mountains. It is the chief city of the Algerian Tuareg. It is located an altitude of 1,320 metres (4,330 ft). As of the 2008 census, it has a population of 92,635, up from 72,741 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cairo–Dakar Highway</span> African road

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lagos–Mombasa Highway</span> Trans-African Road

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migrants' African routes</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">I-n-Azaoua</span> Place in Agadez Region, Niger

I-n-Azaoua was a crude, French colonial-era redoubt built in February 1899 alongside an established well, three kilometres south of the current border line between Algeria and Niger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A1 highway (Nigeria)</span> Road in Nigeria

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The 1974 London–Sahara–Munich World Cup Rally, known also under the commercial identity of 1974 UDT World Cup Rally, was the second and final of the World Cup Rallies to be held. Drawing inspiration from the 1974 FIFA World Cup which was held in Munich, the rally began in London, Great Britain and travelled to Munich, Germany, via Nigeria. It was won by the privateer Australian crew of Jim Reddiex, Ken Tubman and André Welinski, driving a Citroën DS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Algeria–Niger border</span> International border

The Algeria–Niger border is 951 kilometres in length and runs from the tripoint with Mali in the west to the tripoint with Libya in the east.

References

  1. 1 2 3 The Trans-Saharan Road Corridor Towards an Economic Corridor: Commercializing and Managing the Trans-Saharan Road[UNCTAD/TCS/DTL/INF/2022/2], United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), p. 14.
  2. 1 2 3 "African Unity Road linking Algiers to Lagos nears completion". euronews. 2022-11-21. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  3. ↑ "African Unity Road linking Algiers to Lagos nears completion". euronews. 2022-11-21. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  4. ↑ "Trans Sahara Routes". 15 May 2023.
  5. ↑ "In-Guezzam: lancement du dernier tronçon de la transsaharienne aux frontières avec le Niger". 20 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "A is for Atlantic Highway to Mauritania". 3 April 2020.
  7. ↑ "Ouverture de la route Choum-Tindouf: Une revendication pressante des Mauritaniens du Nord Est".
  8. ↑ "Mauritania". 15 May 2023.
  9. ↑ "Trans-Sahara Highway: Last link in 4,600 km road drives regional integration". The OPEC Fund for International Development.
  10. ↑ Michelin Map 741, 2014

Sources

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