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Cheng Yu, originally named Cheng Li, courtesy name Zhongde, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was an adviser to Cao Cao, the warlord who became the de facto head of the Han central government during that period. He died in December 220 – a few months after Cao Cao's son, Cao Pi, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian and established the state of Cao Wei, an event marking the start of the Three Kingdoms period in China. Cheng Yu was described as a tall man with a beautiful long beard. He was from Dong'e County in present-day Shandong. He was best known in his time for his abnormal approach to cope with a shortage of grain: instead of sending hostages to Cao Cao's rival, Yuan Shao, in exchange for food supplies, he advised Cao Cao to feed his army with human flesh. He was also noted for his expertise in military tactics, which helped Cao Cao defeat Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu in 200 and consolidate control over northern China. It is widely agreed that his numerous contributions laid the foundation of the Cao Wei state; the reason he was not promoted to the rank of a duke was only because of his aforementioned strategy to cope with the food shortage in Yan Province. After Cheng Yu's death, Cao Pi honoured him with the posthumous title "Marquis Su", meaning "solemn marquis".
Haploporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
Trichaptum is a genus of poroid fungi. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1904. Formerly classified in the family Polyporaceae, several molecular studies have shown that the genus belongs to the order Hymenochaetales.
Megasporoporia is a genus of four species of crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is characterized by its large spores, and dextrinoid skeletal hyphae.
Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.
Phellinus ellipsoideus is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae, a specimen of which produced the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded. Found in China, the fruit bodies produced by the species are brown, woody basidiocarps that grow on dead wood, where the fungus feeds as a saprotroph. The basidiocarps are perennial, allowing them to grow very large under favourable circumstances. They are resupinate, measuring 30 centimetres (12 in) or more in length, though typically extending less than a centimetre from the surface of the wood. P. ellipsoideus produces distinct ellipsoidal spores, after which it is named, and unusual setae. These two features allow it to be readily differentiated microscopically from other, similar species. Chemical compounds isolated from the species include several steroidal compounds. These may have pharmacological applications, but further research is needed.
Trichaptum perenne is a species of fungus in the order Hymenochaetales. It differs from species in its genus by its perennial and pileate habit, its large pores and dissepiments, and oblong, ellipsoid basidiospores. It was first isolated from China.
Trichaptum podocarpi is a species of fungus in the order Hymenochaetales. It differs from species in its genus by having totally resupinate basidiocarps, distinctly long cystidia, and in its habitat on Podocarpus. It was first isolated from China.
Inonotus rigidus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is distinguished by its resupinate and rigid basidiocarps, its yellow pore surface, being microscopically ellipsoid and yellowish brown, its thick-walled basidiospores, and by lacking both setal hyphae and hymenial setae.
Inonotus chrysomarginatus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is distinguished by having an annual to perennial growth habit, pileate basidiocarps, setal hyphae and hooked hymenial setae, and sublobose, yellowish, thick-walled cyanophilous basidiospores.
Inonotus acutus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is characterized by having small and thin basidiocarps, a sharp pileus margin, ventricose hymenial setae, and ellipsoid, yellowish and thick-walled basidiospores.
Haploporus thindii is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in China and India, it causes a white rot in woody substrates.
Flammeopellis is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Flammeopellis bambusicola, found in Sichuan, China. Flammeopellis was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists Chang-Lin Zhao, Bao-Kai Cui and Yu-Cheng Dai in 2014.
Megasporoporia minuta is a species of crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in the Guangxi Autonomous Region of southern China, it was described as a new species in 2008 by mycologists Xu-Shen Zhou and Yu-Cheng Dai. The fungus produces annual to biennial fruit bodies with small pores, numbering 6–8 per millimetre. The spores are cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid and measure 7.7–9.7 by 3.6–4.9 μm. The hymenium lacks both hyphal pegs and dendrohyphidia.
Perenniporia minor is a poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was described as a new species in 2008 by mycologists Yu-Cheng Dai and Hong-Xia Xiong. The type specimen was collected in Changbaishan Nature Reserve in Jilin province, where it was found growing on fallen angiosperm branches at an altitude of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft).
Pyrofomes castanopsidis is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was described as new to science in 2011 by Chinese mycologists Bao-Kai Cui and Yu-Cheng Dai. The type collections of the fungus were made in Luofushan Forest Park in Huizhou, where the fungus was discovered growing on a live plant of Castanopsis. The specific epithet castanopsidis refers to the genus of the host plant.
Steccherinum subglobosum is a hydnoid fungus of the family Steccherinaceae. Found in China, it was described as new to science by mycologists Hai-Sheng Yuan and Yu-Cheng Dai in 2005. The type collection was found growing on a fallen angiosperm branch in Shennongjia Nature Reserve. The specific epithet subglobobum refers to the somewhat rounded shape of its spores.
Taiwanofungus is a fungal genus of unknown familial placement in the order Polyporales. The genus contains two species: the type, Taiwanofungus camphoratus, and T. salmoneus. Taiwanofungus was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists in 2004. T. camphoratus is a medicinal fungus that is found in Taiwan, where it grows on the endemic tree species Cinnamomum kanehirae. It was first described in 1990 by Mu Zang and Ching-Hua Su as a species of Ganoderma. T. salmoneus, originally placed in Antrodia, was validly added to the genus in 2012.
Skeletocutis substellae is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in China, it was described as new to science in 2011 by mycologist Yu-Cheng Dai. The holotype specimen was collected in Hainan, was it was found growing on the rotting wood of Dacrydium elatum. Spores of the fungus are allantoid, translucent, thin-walled, and smooth, typically measuring 2.8–3.5 by 0.7–1 µm. S. substellae was named for its similarity to S. stellae. Differences from this latter fungus include swollen skeletal hyphae when mounted in a solution of potassium hydroxide, and smaller spores.
Nanhaipotamon is a genus of freshwater crabs, in the subfamily Potamiscinae, found in southern China and Taiwan. As of 2018, 18 species have been described. The genus is named after the South China Sea, for it occurs mostly in coastal areas.
References
- ↑ Dai, Yu-Cheng; Cui, Bao-Kai; Yuan, Hai-Sheng (2009). "Trichaptum (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from China with a description of three new species". Mycological Progress. 8 (4): 281–287. doi:10.1007/s11557-009-0598-0. ISSN 1617-416X.
