The Tyburn Nuns, formally, Adorers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Montmartre, is a Catholic congregation of Benedictine nuns. The congregation was originally founded in Paris but was obliged to find a new Mother House due to French legislation passed in 1901. Two years later it relocated to London and subsequently established additional convents in nine other countries. The nuns at the London convent practice the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and maintain a shrine dedicated to the Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation.
The Montmartre Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur, ParisThe Tyburn Martyrs' Shrine, altar with a replica of the Tyburn Tree
A Frenchwoman, Adèle Garnier, in religion, Mother Marie de Saint-Pierre, established the community in Montmartre (Mount of the Martyr), Paris in 1898.[1] In 1901 the French legislature passed the Waldeck-RousseauLaw of Associations which placed severe restrictions on religious bodies such as monasteries and convents and caused many of them to leave France. Mother Garnier relocated the congregation to London in 1903, to what became the Tyburn Convent in Bayswater Road, near Marble Arch. The reason was because it was close to the site of the Tyburn tree, where 105 Catholic martyrs, including Saint Oliver Plunkett and Saint Edmund Campion, were executed during the English Reformation from 1535 to 1681. The newly arrived nuns established the Martyrs' Shrine to honour the more than 350 Catholic Martyrs who were executed in England during and after the Reformation.[2][3] After World War II, when France had relaxed its laws regarding the independent sector, a number of native French sisters elected to return and set up in France once more. There was a split.[4]
The Tyburn Convent is now the Mother House of the London-based congregation.
The aim of the Adoration is to ask God for the atonement for offences against the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Blessed Sacrament. Mystical experiences in the original congregation in France indicated that Adoration was needed to atone for sacrilege and blasphemy committed by priests and lay people against the Blessed Sacrament. At that time the Foundress also discerned a particular charism of prayer for priests.
Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament has continued ever since the convent was established in London, except temporarily during wartime when the convent building was bombed and Adoration was relocated to Wadhurst in Sussex. Pilgrims and tourists from all over the world visit the shrine.[5]
Rule of life
The Congregation follows the Rule of St Benedict as its guide for life. This is supplemented by norms, an additional manual and book of customs specific to the congregation.
The sisters wear the traditional black Benedictine habit, but with a modernised veil and guimpe. Postulants wear lay dress and a short black veil. Novices wear the habit with a white veil and white choir cloak. Junior professed sisters wear the black veil and congregation medal and white choir cloak. Perpetually professed sisters wear the black veil, medal, ring, and white choir cowl.
The Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours are recited in the vernacular (English, Spanish).
Expansion
The Tyburn community has opened other convents in:
The Rome convent has been temporarily closed, [when?] and the Riverstone convent in Australia relocates closer to the Blue Mountains.
Although the Congregation was founded to carry out Perpetual Adoration, today each convent only carries out Adoration mostly during the day, and shares it with the laity.[5] A new foundation in Africa opened, but had to closed again soon afterwards. The Congregation has also offered assistance to ageing Benedictine communities in Europe.
The Congregation numbers around 60 professed sisters worldwide in total, plus some sisters in formation.
Post-WWII return to France
Following the split in the congregation confirmed and announced by the Holy See in 1947, between the Montmartre Benedictines in England and those who had returned to France, the French Bénédictines du Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre[fr] branch numbered 107 sisters as of the end of 2005, all of them in ten foundations within France.[4]
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict, are a mainly contemplative monastic religious order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. The male religious are also sometimes called the Black Monks, in reference to the colour of their religious habits, in contrast to other Benedictine orders such as the Olivetans, who wear white. They were founded in 529 by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century Italian monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule. Benedict's sister, Scholastica, possibly his twin, also became a religious from an early age, but chose to live as a hermit. They retained a close relationship until her death.
Eucharistic adoration is a Eucharistic devotional practice primarily in Western Catholicism, but also to a lesser extent in certain Lutheran and Anglican traditions, in which the Blessed Sacrament is adored by the faithful. This practice may occur either when the Eucharist is exposed, or when it is not publicly viewable because it is reserved in a place such as a church tabernacle.
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The Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters are a Roman Catholic religious institute. The nuns live a contemplative life, focused on perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, offering intercessory prayers for the world 24 hours a day. Inside the enclosure the nuns wear rose-colored tunics with their habits symbolizing their joy for the Holy Spirit. As a consequence of these habits, the nuns are known colloquially as the "pink sisters".
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Dom Bede Camm, O.S.B., was an English Benedictine monk and martyrologist. He is best known for his many works on the English Catholic martyrs, which helped to keep their memories alive in the newly reemerging Catholic Church of Victorian England.
Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament, born Catherine de Bar was a French nun, the founder of the order of Benedictine Nuns of Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. She is recognized as the Servant of God in the Catholic Church.
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The Order of the Blessed Sacrament is an enclosed congregation and a reform of the Dominican Order devoted to the perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament.
Théodelinde Bourcin-Dubouché, known commonly as Marie-Thérèse of the Heart of Jesus, was a Roman Catholic French nun, artist, and founder of the Sisters of Adoration in Paris, France. The cause for her canonization has been formally accepted by the Holy See, and thus she has been declared "venerable".
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