Ulteramus

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Ulteramus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Symphyta
Family: Pamphiliidae
Genus: Ulteramus
Species:
U. republicensis
Binomial name
Ulteramus republicensis
Archibald & Rasnitsyn, 2015

Ulteramus is an extinct genus of parasitic wasp in the sawfly family Pamphiliidae. The genus is solely known from an Eocene fossil found in North America. At the time of its description the new genus was composed of a single species, Ulteramus republicensis.

Contents

History and classification

Ulteramus republicensis is known only from one fossil, the part side of the holotype, specimen number UWBM 77532, which is housed in the collections of the Burke Museum of Natural History in Seattle, Washington. The specimen is preserved as a compression fossil in silty yellow to grayish shale, which was recovered from outcrops of the Tom Thumb Tuff member of the Klondike Mountain Formation in 1993 by Wesley Wehr. [1] The formation is approximately Early Eocene, Ypresian in age, being radiometrically dated as 49.4 million years old. Ulteramus was first studied by the paleoentomologists S. Bruce Archibald from Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia and Alexandr Rasnitsyn of the A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute. Their 2015 type description of the new genus and species was published in the journal Canadian Entomologist . The genus name Ulteramus was coined by the researchers as a combination of the Latin ramus meaning "branch" and ulter meaning "on the further side". [1] The specific epithet republicensis is a reference to the type locality of the species in Republic, Washington. [1]

Areas of the Ulteramus wing venation are similar to members of the pamphiliid subfamilies Pamphiliinae and Cephalciinae. The two subfamilies are distinguished from each other on the condition of the wing apex. Longitudinal corrugation of the wing apex is seen in Pamphiliinae, while Cephalciinae genera have an irregularly coriaceous wing apex. The described fossil of Ulteramus is missing the majority of the wing apex area, but the small portion that is preserved seems to be smooth. However the placement of the junction between the Subcostal2 and Radius vein distinguishes Ulteramus from all other pamphiliid genera. Due to the incomplete nature of the fossil, placement of the genus into any of the three described subfamilies or creation of a new subfamily was not possible. [1]

U. republicensis was one of three sawfly species described in Archibald & Rasnitsyn's 2015 paper, the other two being Ypresiosirex orthosemos and Cuspilongus cachecreekensis , both from the McAbee fossil beds in south central British Columbia. [1]

Description

The single described wing of U. republicensis is incomplete, missing the very basal and apical sections. [1] Additionally the area of the wing between the Radial and Costal veins is either damaged or folded, obscuring vein details. The wing has an even darkened tone to the membrane with a large pterostigma hardened by sclerotisation. The wing as preserved has a length of 7.3 mm (0.29 in) and a width of approximately 3 mm (0.12 in). The placement of the join between the Sc2 and R veins nearer to the wing base is not seen in other pamphiliids, resembling that of Xyelidae genera. The Radius vein segment 4 is longer than seen in other pamphiliids, and the vein segment 1 is present, though it isn't well preserved, obscuring some of the morphological details. The short segment 1 is something not seen in the genera Caenolyda , Pseudocephaleia , and Kelidoptera . [1]

Related Research Articles

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Pamphiliidae is a small wasp family within Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. The larvae feed on plants, using silk to build webs or tents, or to roll leaves into tubes in which they feed, thus earning them the common names leaf-rolling sawflies or web-spinning sawflies. Some species are gregarious and the larvae live in large groups. Fossils of Pamphiliidae have been dated to the Jurassic period.

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Klondike Mountain Formation

The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation, named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain north of Republic, Washington, is composed of volcanic rocks in the upper unit and volcanics plus lacustrine (lakebed) sedimentation in which a lagerstätte with exceptionally well-preserved plant and insect fossils has been found, along with fossil epithermal hot springs.

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<i>Archimyrmex</i> Extinct genus of ants

Archimyrmex is an extinct genus of ant in the formicid subfamily Myrmeciinae, described by palaeoentomologist Theodore Cockerell in 1923. The genus contains four described species, Archimyrmex rostratus, Archimyrmex piatnitzkyi, Archimyrmex smekali and Archimyrmex wedmannae. Archimyrmex is known from a group of Middle Eocene fossils which were found in North America, South America, and Europe. The genus was initially placed in the subfamily Ponerinae, but it was later placed in Myrmeciinae; it is now believed to be the ancestor of the extant primitive genus Myrmecia from Australia. Despite this, Archimyrmex is not a member to any tribe and is regarded as incertae sedis within Myrmeciinae. However, some authors believe Archimyrmex should be assigned as incertae sedis within Formicidae. These ants can be characterised by their large mandibles and body length, ranging from 13.2 to 30 mm. They also have long, thin legs and an elongated mesosoma (thorax) and petiole.

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Holcorpa is a genus of extinct insects in the scorpionfly order Mecoptera. Two Eocene age species found in Western North America were placed into the genus, H. dillhoffi and H. maculosa.

<i>Pachycondyla? messeliana</i> Extinct species of ant

Pachycondyla? messeliana is an extinct species of ants in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described by from a fossil found in Europe. P.? messeliana is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

Ypresiosirex is an extinct genus of sawfly in the horntail family Siricidae. The genus is solely known from a single Eocene fossil found in North America. At the time of its description the new genus was composed of a single species named Ypresiosirex orthosemos.

Cuspilongus is an extinct genus of parasitic wasp in the sawfly family Cephidae. At the time of its description the new genus was comprised of a single species named Cuspilongus cachecreekensis, known from an Eocene fossil found in North America. Subsequently, Kopylov & Rasnitsyn (2016) transferred the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) species Mesocephus ghilarovi Rasnitsyn (1988), known from the Bon-Tsagan locality in Mongolia, to the genus Cuspilongus as well.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Archibald, S.B.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2015). "New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist . 148 (2): 209–228. doi:10.4039/tce.2015.55.