Gualberto Villarroel López was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 39th President of Bolivia from 1943 to 1946. A reformist, sometimes compared with Argentina's Juan Perón, he is nonetheless remembered for his alleged fascist sympathies and his violent demise on 21 July 1946.
Revolutionary Socialist Party, is a political party in Peru formed in November 1976 by a group of radical army officers who had been active in the "first phase of the revolution" under Velasco Alvarado and who subsequently advocated a return to the objectives of the 1968 coup.
Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo was a Bolivian general who served as the 38th president of Bolivia from 1940 until his overthrow in 1943. He previously served as commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces during the second half of the Chaco War (1932–1935).
Bolivia's defeat by Paraguay in the Chaco War of 1932–1936 marked a turning point in the modern history of Bolivia. Great loss of life and territory discredited the traditional ruling classes, while service in the army produced stirrings of political awareness among the indigenous people. A large portion of the contested Gran Chaco region was surrendered to Paraguay. In return Bolivia was given access to the Paraguay River where Puerto Busch was founded and, with this, free access to the Atlantic Ocean through international waters was possible. In 1936 Standard Oil's Bolivian operations were nationalized and the state-owned firm Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) was created. From the end of the Chaco War until the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution, the emergence of contending ideologies and the demands of new groups convulsed Bolivian politics.
The Socialist Party was a Panamanian left-wing political party created in 1933 by intellectuals and labor unionists who split off from the Liberal Party and rejected the Communist Party.
The Socialist Republican Party, whose members were also known as "Saavedristas", was a political party in Bolivia. The Socialist Republican Party emerged on January 28, 1921, as the Republican Party was bifurcated on the same day Bautista Saavedra took office as President of the country. The Socialist Republican Party was formed by Saavedra's followers.
The Liberal Party was one of two major political parties in Bolivia in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The other was the Conservative Party. The Liberal Party was formally founded in 1883 by Eliodoro Camacho. The party espoused freedom of religion, a strict separation between church and state, legal acceptance of civil marriages and divorce, and strict adherence to democratic procedures. When the party took power in 1899, it moved the base of the presidency and the Congress to La Paz, which became the de facto capital city. The Supreme Court remained in Sucre. To this day, Sucre is the de jure capital of Bolivia while La Paz acts as the de facto seat of government.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 10 March 1940, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Congress. The elections were the first in six years since 1934 and the first not to be annulled in nine years since the general election of 1931.
The Genuine Republican Party was founded in Bolivia in 1921 by José María Escalier and Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey following a split in the Republican Party.
The Republican Socialist Unity Party was a political party founded on 10 November, 1946 in Bolivia as the fusion of the Republican Socialist Party, the Genuine Republican Party, the United Socialist Party, and the Independent Socialist Party.
The Nationalist Party was a Bolivian reformist and nationalist political party.
The Independent Socialist Party was founded in March 1938 by Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Carlos Salamanca, Jorge Aráoz Campero, Carlos Montenegro and Augusto Céspedes, following a split in the United Socialist Party.
The Independent Socialist Party (1944) was founded in 1944 by Enrique Baldivieso, José Tamayo, Fernando Campero Álvarez and Augusto Guzmán, former leaders of the United Socialist Party.
The Workers Socialist Party of Bolivia was a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia.
The Workers' Party of Tarija was a small local socialist political party in the Tarija Department, Bolivia.
The Antifascist Democratic Front was a political alliance of the traditionalist and left-wing parties in Bolivia.
Bolivia has experienced more than 190 coups d'état and revolutions since its independence in 1825. Since 1950, Bolivia has seen the most coups of any other country. The last known attempt was in 1984, four years after the country's transition to democracy in 1980. However, the 2019 Bolivian political crisis which resulted in the resignation of President Evo Morales has been described by international observers and allies of Morales as a coup.
Gualberto Villarroel assumed office as the 39th President of Bolivia on 20 December 1943, and his term was violently cut short on 21 July 1946. A Colonel during the Chaco War, Villarroel and the Fatherland's Cause (RADEPA) joined the fledgling Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) to overthrow President Enrique Peñaranda in a coup d'état.
Enrique Peñaranda assumed office as the 38th President of Bolivia on 15 April 1940, and his term was cut short by a coup d'état on 20 December 1943. A General in the Chaco War, Peñaranda was brought forth by the traditional, conservative political parties, sidelined since the end of the Chaco War, as their candidate in the 1940 general elections.
Gabriel Gosálvez Tejada was a Bolivian politician, journalist, economist, and diplomat. Throughout his political career, Gosálvez held various ministerial officers and diplomatic posts as a member of the United Socialist Party. When that party merged into the Republican Socialist Unity Party, Gosálvez was presented as its presidential candidate in the 1951 general election.