United States Geological Survey Library

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United States Geological Survey Library
US-GeologicalSurvey-Seal.svg
Seal
USGS logo green.svg
Official identifier
Agency overview
FormedMarch 3, 1879 (1879-03-03)
Headquarters Reston, Virginia
Agency executive
  • David Applegate, [1] Director
Parent agency Department of the Interior
Website library.usgs.gov

The United States Geological Survey Library ( USGS Library ) is a program within the United States Geological Survey (USGS), a scientific bureau within the Department of Interior of the United States government. The USGS operates as a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Contents

The USGS Library is open to the public for in-person research at locations in Reston, Virginia and Lakewood, Colorado.

Description

The USGS headquarters in Reston, VA Usgs-headquarters.jpeg
The USGS headquarters in Reston, VA

Today, the United States Geological Survey Library's users have access to over 1.7 million items: over 980,000 books and journals, over 600,000 maps, over 8,000 electronic media items (DVDs, CDs), and subscribes to over 113,000 electronic journal titles and eBooks. Materials include USGS publications, as well as those produced by state and foreign geological surveys, scientific societies, museums, academic institutions, and government scientific agencies. The library in Reston participates in the Federal Depository Library Program, providing public access to selected U.S. Government publications, including print versions of older publications not available online.

History

Congress authorized a library for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1879. The library was formally established in 1882, with the naming of the first librarian, Charles C. Darwin, and began with a staff of 3 and a collection of 1,400 books. The Act of Congress establishing the USGS (20 Stat. L., 394-395, 3 March 1879) [2] authorized the creation of a program for exchanging copies of USGS reports for publications of state, national, and international organizations. [3] The exchange program was modeled after a program used by Dr. Ferdinand V. Hayden when he was head of the Interior Department's U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (1867–1879). The U.S. Geological Survey Library inherited 1,000 volumes of serials from Dr. Hayden's former exchange program, which he had based on the program begun by the Smithsonian Institution in 1846. After Dr. Hayden died in 1887, his widow donated his personal collection to the USGS Library. Other early gifts were made by Major John Wesley Powell, second Director of the USGS, who donated his collection of State Geological Survey reports and the family of Dr. Isaac Lea (Philadelphia publisher and gem collector whose family donated nearly 600 items of his personal library). Dr. William Halliday, a world-renowned speleologist, began donating his cave collection in 2003.

In a review of USGS Library operations in 1937, William Heers, the Chief Librarian, noted the library had more than 200,000 books and reports, about 60,000 pamphlets, and about 60,000 maps, most of these obtained by gift and exchange. Fully half of those researchers who used the library were outside of the USGS. In service to those outside the government, between 8,000–10,000 books were loaned out each year through interlibrary loans, both within the continental US and overseas. [4]

In a review of the USGS Library during its centennial, it was noted in 1978 the library had acquired nearly 116,000 new items. About 75% of these were journals, of which 10,000 serial, magazine, and other periodical titles were received. In 1978, the library circulated 105,000 items, made 17,700 interlibrary loans, and answered some 27,000 requests for information. [5]

In March 2012, the USGS Library joined the Biodiversity Heritage Library [6] with the goal of contributing important historical works related to taxonomy, as well as relevant USGS publications.

The U.S. Geological Survey Library has become one of the largest geoscience libraries in the world. Materials within the library system include books and maps dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as a nearly complete set of the various State Geological Survey publications.

U.S. Geological Survey Library Classification System

The classification system is designed for use in the USGS Library and other earth science libraries. Prior to the administration of Fred Boughton Weeks, 1903–1908, the library lacked a classification scheme. The Dewey Decimal system for geologic material was not sufficiently developed to accommodate the range of specialized material collected at the USGS Library, and the full Library of Congress Classification System schedules had not yet been published.  Library staff and patrons were concerned about continued development of the collection without an acceptable classification scheme. Mr. Weeks and bibliographer John M. Nickles of the library staff, with the assistance of three consultants from the New York Public Library, developed the USGS classification system designed specifically for an earth science library. It is a tool for assigning call numbers to earth science and allied pure science materials to collect these materials into related subject groups on library shelves and arrange them alphabetically by author and title. This classification can be used as a retrieval system to access materials through the subject and geographic numbers. It has been developed over the years since 1904 to meet the ever-changing needs of increased specialization and the development of new areas of research in the geosciences, such as remote sensing and planetary geology. [7]

Special Library Collections

Field Records Collection

The Field Records Collection is an archive of field notes, maps, sample analysis reports, correspondence, manuscripts, and other data created or collected by more than 1500 USGS scientists during geologic field investigations and other project work. The majority of the collection dates from 1879 and relates to work done in the contiguous United States and Hawaii. Field records and project archives for Alaska are kept in the Alaska Technical Data Unit Field Records Archive in Anchorage, AK.

Rare Books and Maps

The Rare Book Collection of the USGS Library comprises unusual publications, rare books, and maps collected since 1879. Included are historical maps and publications of USGS, as well as early publications of many federal, state and other geological surveys. Records of select geological societies are also maintained in the collection, such as the Geological Society of Washington, which was founded by John Wesley Powell and other noted scientists after the Civil War. Of special note are many 19th century maps with topics such as American political boundaries, transportation, geology, and mining.

Kunz Collection

Acquired by the library in 1933, the George F. Kunz Collection is a significant special collection on gems and minerals including rare books on gemology, the folklore of gemstones through history, lapidary arts and archival gem trade records important to the provenance of named stones such as the Hope Diamond. Kunz was a former USGS employee, a vice-president of Tiffany & Co., and one of the world’s preeminent gem experts.

Map Collection

The USGS Library’s map collection contains a broad collection of maps covering the United States, foreign areas, and planetary bodies. The collection includes topographic maps, geologic maps, and thematic maps concentrating on the geosciences. The collection consists primarily of flat paper sheet maps; other formats include Braille, raised relief maps, microfiche, microfilm, DVDs, CDs, and flat sheet maps in other materials.

Topographic Map Archive

Responsibility for the Topographic Map Archive was formally transferred to the USGS Library in March 2003. The Archive includes each U.S. state and territory, in all scales, editions and various printings. With coverage dating from the 1880s when the USGS began publishing standard topographic quadrangles, the Archive is the most complete collection of USGS topographic maps.

United States Antarctic Resource Collection

The U.S. Antarctic Resource Collection (USARC) is currently located at the USGS Library in Reston, VA, and contains materials from the former U.S. Antarctic Resource Center. When operational, the Center was a joint effort of the USGS National Mapping Division and the National Science Foundation United States Antarctic Program. The Center maintained the nation's most comprehensive collection of Antarctic aerial photography, maps, charts, satellite imagery, and technical reports. The current collection includes materials produced by the following Antarctic Treaty nations: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Uruguay.

USGS Photographic Collection

The USGS Library Photographic Collection is an archive of more than 500,000 still photographs, color transparencies, negatives, glass plate negatives, lantern slides and sketches and color transparencies taken during geologic studies of the United States and its territories from 1868 to present. Subjects include earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, topography, historical mining operations, earth science, and a substantial collection of USGS personnel portraits. The works of pioneer photographers such as William Henry Jackson, Timothy H. O'Sullivan, Carleton Watkins, John Karl Hillers, Thomas Moran, Andrew J. Russell, E. O. Beaman and William Bell (photographer) are represented in the collection. Some photographs have been used to illustrate publications, but most have never been published. Currently, the USGS Library Photographic Collection website provides online access to less than ten percent of the entire archive.

List of USGS Library Chief Librarians

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geographic Names Information System</span> Geographical database

The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features throughout the United States and its territories; the associated states of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau; and Antarctica. It is a type of gazetteer. It was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellsworth Mountains</span>

The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nimitz Glacier</span> Glacier in Antarctica

The Nimitz Glacier is an Antarctic glacier, 40 nautical miles long and 5 nautical miles wide, draining the area about 10 nautical miles west of the Vinson Massif and flowing southeast between the Sentinel Range and Bastien Range to enter Minnesota Glacier, in the central Ellsworth Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Craddock</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Mount Craddock is a large, bold mountain forming the south extremity of Craddock Massif in Sentinel Range, the ninth highest mountain in Antarctica. It is linked by Karnare Col to Mount Strybing in the southern Sentinel Range. The ninth-highest mountain in Antarctica was first climbed in January 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wheeler Survey</span>

The Wheeler Survey, carried out in 1872-1879, was one of the "Four Great Surveys" conducted by the United States government after the Civil War primarily to document the geology and natural resources of the American West. Supervised by First Lieutenant George Montague Wheeler, the Wheeler Survey documented and mapped the United States west of the 100th meridian. The survey team included Lieutenant Montgomery M. Macomb, plus the paleontologists Edward Drinker Cope and Charles Abiathar White.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Young Glacier</span> Glacier in Antarctica

Young Glacier is a glacier which flows from Mount Gozur and Ichera Peak in Maglenik Heights eastwards for 8 miles (13 km) and terminates at the north end of Barnes Ridge on the east side of Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957–59. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for First Lieutenant Dale L. Young of the United States Air Force (USAF), who participated in establishing the South Pole Station in the 1956–57 season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Inderbitzen</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Mount Inderbitzen is a mountain rising to over 2,600 metres (8,500 ft), located 12 nautical miles (22 km) south-southeast of Mount Craddock and 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) south of Mount Milton in Owen Ridge, the southernmost part of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It surmounts Wessbecher Glacier to the southeast and Sirma Glacier to the northwest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Geological Survey</span> Scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on March 3, 1879, to study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The agency also makes maps of extraterrestrial planets and moons based on data from U.S. space probes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Remington Glacier</span> Glacier in Antarctica

Remington Glacier is a steep glacier about 7 nautical miles long in Doyran Heights in the Sentinel Range of Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It rises just north of McPherson Peak and flows east-southeast to debouch between the terminus of Hough Glacier and Johnson Spur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Glacier</span> Glacier in Antarctica

Union Glacier, is a large, heavily crevassed glacier which receives the flow of several tributaries and drains through the middle of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The glacier drains from the plateau at Edson Hills on the west side of the range and flows east between Pioneer Heights and Enterprise Hills. Union Glacier was mapped by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy (USN) air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with the name Heritage Range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Bearskin</span> Mountain in the Antarctic

Mount Bearskin is a mountain located 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Mount Tyree, between Patton and Crosswell Glaciers, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It is linked to Tyree Ridge by Podgore Saddle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Owen Ridge</span> Geographic formation in Antarctica

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Waldron</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wessbecher Glacier</span>

Wessbecher Glacier is a glacier about 7 nautical miles (13 km) long, draining southeast from Mount Inderbitzen and south from Mount Mullen between Peristera Peak, Lishness Peak and Stikal Peak on the main ridge of Sentinel Range on the west and Marze Peak in Petvar Heights on the east, in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Tuck</span> Mountain in antarctica

Mount Tuck is a pyramidal mountain at the head of Hansen Glacier, the summit of Doyran Heights in the Sentinel Range of Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts Hansen Glacier to the north, Hough Glacier to the south and upper Dater Glacier to the west, and separated from Veregava Ridge to the northwest by Manole Pass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patton Glacier</span> Glacier in Antarctica

Patton Glacier is a broad tributary glacier in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It drains the east slope of the main ridge between Mounts Ostenso and Tyree, flows east-northeastwards between Evans Peak and Versinikia Peak on the north and Mount Bearskin on the south, and enters Ellen Glacier northeast of Zalmoxis Peak and southeast of Mount Jumper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Slaughter</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Mount Slaughter is an ice-free peak, rising to 3,444 metres (11,299 ft) on a spur trending southwest from Opalchenie Peak on Vinson Plateau, Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is surmounting the head of Donnellan Glacier to the northwest and Gildea Glacier to the south. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs from 1957 to 1960. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1982, after John B. Slaughter, the director of the National Science Foundation from 1980 to 1982.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Glacier</span> Glacier in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Thomas Glacier is a roughly Z-shaped glacier which drains the southeast slopes of Vinson Massif and flows for 17 nautical miles (31 km) through the south part of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, leaving the range between Doyran and Petvar Heights south of Johnson Spur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Todd</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Mount Todd is a peak rising to 3,600 m at the north extremity of Probuda Ridge in north-central Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It surmounts Embree Glacier to the west, Patleyna Glacier to the northeast and Ellen Glacier to the south-southeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Mullen</span> Mountain in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

Mount Mullen is a double-peaked mountain 4.0 kilometres (2.5 mi) east-southeast of Mount Milton in the south Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. Located at the west extremity of Petvar Heights, the mountain rises to an elevation of 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) and together with Kasilag Pass forms the divide between Kornicker Glacier and Wessbecher Glacier.

References

  1. Interior Press (August 15, 2022). "David Applegate Sworn In as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior," . Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  2. Nelson, Clifford M. (2000). Records and history of the United States Geological Survey (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1179.
  3. Rabbitt, Mary C. (1989). The United States Geological Survey: 1879-1989 (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1050.
  4. Heers, W.H. (1937). "The U.S. Geological Survey Library". The Mineralogist. 5 (6): 3–4, 27.
  5. "Books, Maps...". Geotimes. 24 (3): 35. 1979.
  6. O'Brien, L. (March 5, 2012). "Biodiversity Heritage Library Adds Two Partners" (PDF). Smithsonian Libraries. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  7. Sasscer, R. Scott (2000). U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/b2010.