University of El Salvador

Last updated
University of El Salvador
Universidad de El Salvador (Spanish)
Escudo de la Universidad de El Salvador.svg
Seal of the University of El Salvador
Other name
"La Nacional"
Motto
Hacia la libertad por la cultura (Spanish)
Motto in English
Towards freedom through culture
Type Public
Established16 February 1841;183 years ago (1841-02-16)
Rector Roger Armando Arias Alvarado
Students53,682
Location
San Salvador
,
El Salvador
CampusUrban
CalendarSemester
Website www.ues.edu.sv
University of El Salvador wordmark.svg

The University of El Salvador (UES) is the oldest and the most prominent university institution in El Salvador. It serves as the national university of the country. The main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, is located in the capital of San Salvador, but there are also branches of the university in other Salvadoran cities such as Santa Ana, San Miguel and San Vicente. The university counts a total of 9 faculties in its main campus and has a student population of more than 50,000.

Contents

History

The University of El Salvador was founded on February 16, 1841 by the President Juan Lindo, [1] as an initiative of the Gral. Francisco Malespin [2] and the priest Crisanto Salazar, with the objective of providing a centre for further education for the Salvadoran youth.

Throughout much of its existence, the university has had a precarious existence, in the earlier years characterised by lack of governmental support and funding. In the 1950s, the University of El Salvador faced opposition from the authoritarian government of the country and many of the students and university professors were victims of the military repression. [3] In the 1970s student uprisings took place. On July 19, 1972, the government of Colonel Arturo Armando Molina intervened at the university to suppress the student uprising with military action. [4] During the period of occupation, that extended until the end of 1973, the university campus was occupied by troops. When the university reopened, a campaign against the university community began, accusing it to be a center of Marxist indoctrination. In the following years, hundreds of students, university professors, and university authorities faced government repression, [5] and in October 1980, the university's chancellor, Felix Ulloa, was assassinated. [6] [7]

On June 26, 1980, the university was once again occupied by the Armed Forces, having begun a period of four years in exile. [8] The earthquake of 10 October 1986, seriously damaged the infrastructure of the University in San Salvador. [9] Until the end of Civil War of El Salvador (1980–1992), the UES underwent a period of decay.

In 1991, with the election of Dr. Fabio Castillo, a period of recovery of the university began. Under the administration of María Isabel Rodríguez, who served from 1999 to 2007, the university reached out to the government, and campus's infrastructure was improved. [10]

Since 2013, the university faces a critical situation due to a budget deficit of $6.5 million until 2015. [11]

Current events

On July 6, 2005, there was a student movement against the government of President Elias Antonio Saca Gonzalez for the possibility of allowing an increase in fare of public transport. The youth protest ended in a pitched battle between riot police and protesters outside the main entrance of the UES that left several people injured and property damage. [12] Almost exactly a year later, on July 5, 2006, a new student march was carried out against the government of Antonio Saca, but this time as a sign of dissatisfaction when knowing the approval of an increase to the rate of passage city bus, which culminated in the outside the central campus of the UES, where there was a shootout between some protesters and police. In the gun battle, died two members of the National Civil Police (PNC, in Spanish) and several riot police were injured. This case were tried and convicted the protesters José Mario Belloso Castillo and Luis Antonio Herrador Funes, respectively, as author and accomplice of the homicide of both police officers. [13] [14] [15] [16]

During these events, PNC snipers were injuring a university employee and fired at the buildings of the UES. [17] As a result of these events, the UES was closed for the next six days while the PNC raided their premises for evidence against those responsible for the death of the two riot police. [18] By an attack armed police officers, the government of Antonio Saca directly blamed the FMLN of having planned these riots, due to the fact that the author of the shots and his accomplice were affiliated to this political party. [19] [20] [21] FMLN, however, publicly rejected the accusation and one detached from the violent actions committed by the same militants involved in the murder of both riot police. [22] [23] [24] Later the own president Antonio Saca retracted of having done this accusation. [25] Meanwhile, UES split from these events and considers that the actions of the PNC violated their university autonomy. [26] [27]

Faculties

The main faculties of the university follows:

Main building of the School of Medicine of the University of El Salvador Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de El Salvador, vista nordeste (1).jpg
Main building of the School of Medicine of the University of El Salvador

San Salvador Central Campus

Other

Notable alumni

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References

  1. ↑ Miguel Ángel Durán. Historia de la Universidad de El Salvador 1841–1930, Second Edition, Editorial Universitaria, San Salvador, El Salvador, 1975, pp. 21–22. (in Spanish)
    Para todo espíritu ecuánime y amigo de la verdad histórica, el fundador de nuestra Universidad es don Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya, conocido en la Historia simplemente por Juan Lindo, desde el momento que él fue quien firmó el decreto [legislativo] respectivo que la estableció.
    Algunos historiadores nacionales, entre ellos, el Dr. José Antonio Cevallos han querido privar de la gloria que legítimamente pertenece a este hombre, pues, dice, era de carácter apático, despótico y enemigo de la Justicia; que durante su Administración [Pública] disolvió arbitrariamente las Cámaras Legislativas y privó a El Salvador de sus islas en el Golfo de Fonseca: Amapala y Zacate Grande, cediéndolas a Honduras, su Patria. Mas, nosotros no participamos de opinión tan tornadiza ya que, después de todo, no es sino una opinión personal, en pugna abierta con el eterno, elocuente y frío testimonio de los documentos históricos.
    Empero, cualesquiera que hayan sido los actos del Dr. Lindo, no podemos negarle el hecho de la fundación porque sea un buen hecho, sí habremos de atribuirle, en cambio, sus hechos malos, vilipendiándolos. Muchas Memorias de Secretarios Universitarios hemos consultado y todos [ Sic ] afirman, sin pasión, que don Juan Lindo fue el fundador de nuestro Máximo Instituto. Para afirmar que este señor no fundó la Universidad sería preciso hacer desparecer su nombre del pie del decreto [legislativo]. Por otra parte, ¿por qué se afirma que Lindo fue el autor del atentado contra las Cámaras Legislativas y no el General Francisco Malespín que era el verdadero dueño del Poder, desde luego que era el Jefe del Ejército? ¡Ah, eso sería tan absurdo como si dijéramos que el héroe de Arrazola no fue Arce, sino sus oficiales que se batieron como fieras! Por eso, más justo fue el doctor Manuel Gallardo, rector de la universidad en el año de 1859, cuando puso sin rodeo alguno, al pie del escudo universitario que se colocaría en el salón de honor del [ Sic ] alma máter, esta frase de justo reconocimiento: “Joanes de Lindo erexit MDCCCXLI”.
  2. ↑ Xochilt Escalante, “Juan Lindo decretó la fundación de la Universidad de El Salvador en su presidencia”, in El Universitario, Época XIII, No. 17, Ciudad Universitaria, February 2011, p. 18. Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
    Lindo y el General Francisco Malespín
    El fracaso de la Federación era inminente, pero la fundación de la Universidad se venía aplazando desde antes del año de 1840, la decidida acción del General Francisco Malespín, siendo Presidente, el Licenciado Juan Nepomuceno Lindo, en el propio despacho presidencial el General Malespín exigió la fundación de la Universidad, según escritos de Juan José Cañas, con la frase siguiente: “de aquí no saldré sin el Decreto [Legislativo] tantas veces prometido para la fundación del Colegio y la consiguiente Universidad”. El resultado fue la fundación de la alma máter.
  3. ↑ Juan Mario Castellanos. El Salvador 1930–1960: Antecedentes históricos de la guerra civil, Colección Biblioteca Popular, First Edition, Dirección de Publicaciones e Impresos, Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y el Arte (CONCULTURA), San Salvador, El Salvador, 2001, p. 282. (in Spanish)
    El 2 de septiembre de 1960, los partidos políticos opositores salvadoreños, la AGEUS y las dirigencias de los sindicatos comunistas trataron de realizar una concentración masiva de protesta en San Salvador, primero en el Parque Libertad y luego frente al predio que había ocupado el edificio central de la Universidad de El Salvador. Algunos estudiantes y manifestantes vociferaron consignas injuriosas contra Lemus, su familia y el gobierno militar. Fueron reprimidos por la Policía uniformada y de civil con bombas lacrimógenas y disparos de armas de fuego. Grupos de estudiantes y profesores buscaron refugio en las oficinas centrales de la Universidad, ubicadas de manera provisional en el antiguo edificio del antiguo Colegio Sagrado Corazón, en el viejo centro comercial de la ciudad capital. Las instalaciones fueron allanadas por la policía, vejándose de manera bárbara a estudiantes, empleados y autoridades académicas. El rector, Dr. Napoleón Rodríguez Ruiz, el secretario Dr. Cuéllar Milla y el tesorero del máximo centro de estudios resultaron con golpes y fracturas. Fueron destruidos equipos y archivos. El empleado de la librería universitaria, Mauricio Esquivel, murió a consecuencia de los golpes recibidos en una de las bartolinas de la Policía. […]
  4. ↑ Archivo Digital del Diario Oficial de la Imprenta Nacional de El Salvador, julio-1972, Parte19.pdf Archived 2014-10-22 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  5. ↑ Personajes salvadoreños, Tema 30 de julio de 1975, Memorias del 30 de julio de 1975 (in Spanish)
  6. ↑ Centro de Documentación de la Memoria Histórica: Asesinato del rector de la Universidad de El Salvador, UES Archived 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  7. ↑ Instituto de Derechos Humanos de la UCA: Félix Ulloa: 30 años de impunidad (November 3, 2010) (in Spanish)
  8. ↑ Dutriz Hermanos, S.A. de C.V., Documento de La Prensa Gráfica: El Conflicto en El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador, 1992, p 30. (in Spanish)
    Junio de 1980 [...]
    Día 26.[…]
    Los cuerpos de seguridad catearon las instalaciones de la Universidad Nacional. Fue encontrada literatura subversiva por todos lados, además de 3 ataúdes conteniendo igual número de muertos en estado de descomposición; asimismo en el local del FAPU [Frente de Acción Popular Unificada] se encontraron dos ataúdes con cadáveres.
  9. ↑ El Calero: 26 años del terremoto de San Salvador de 1986 (October 10, 2012) Archived October 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  10. ↑ Diario Digital La Página: María Isabel Rodríguez: "Nunca me he puesto a pensar cuántos años tengo" (in Spanish)
  11. ↑ El Diario de Hoy, La UES con déficit de dinero para fin de año (in Spanish)
  12. ↑ El Diario de Hoy: Más de 25 heridos en disturbios UES (in Spanish)
  13. ↑ El Diario de Hoy: ASESINATOS: Antimotines son acribillados (in Spanish)
  14. ↑ La Prensa Gráfica: Abren fuego frente a la UES (in Spanish)
  15. ↑ Informe Preliminar de la Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos sobre los sucesos del 5 de julio de 2006 (in Spanish)
  16. ↑ La Prensa Gráfica: A diez años de la tragedia, el 5 de julio de 2006 y Mario Belloso (in Spanish)
  17. ↑ Asociación Cultural Cataluña – El Salvador (Original title in calatan), Tema La Gazeta, La Gazeta se niega a morir, La Gazeta Universitaria #115: "Bala no fue disparada desde dentro del campus" (in Spanish)
  18. ↑ Personajes salvadoreños, Tema UES, Universidad de El Salvador cerrada por seis días (in Spanish).
  19. ↑ Equipo Maíz, Publicaciones, La Página de Maíz, ¿Y quién es el que quiere volver al pasado? (in Spanish).
  20. ↑ Revista Trace: "ARENA, FMLN y los sucesos del 5 de julio del 2006 en El Salvador: violencia e imaginarios políticos", por Ralph Sprenkels (in Spanish)
  21. ↑ El Diario de Hoy: A 10 años de los disturbios del 5 de julio de 2006 frente a la Universidad de El Salvador Archived 2016-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  22. ↑ Mundo Farabundista: "Comunicado de la Secretaría de Relaciones Internacionales del FMLN" (Thursday July 6, 2006) (in Spanish)
  23. ↑ Mundo Farabundista: "Comunicado del FMLN" (Friday July 7, 2006) (in Spanish)
  24. ↑ Mundo Farabundista: "FMLN: Posición oficial después de un cuidadoso examen de los trágicos acontecimientos alrededor y en la UES" (Monday July 10, 2006) (in Spanish)
  25. ↑ El Faro: Daniel Valencia: Presidente Saca se retracta: desvincula al FMLN de lo ocurrido frente a la UES (in Spanish)
  26. ↑ El Independiente, Comunicados de Prensa, "Comunicado de la Universidad de El Salvador" (July 6, 2006) (in Spanish)
  27. ↑ Asociación Cultural Cataluña – El Salvador (Original title in calatan), Tema La Gazeta, La Gazeta de la UES #110, La Gazeta Universitaria #110: "Policía violenta la autonomía universitaria" (in Spanish)
  28. ↑ "Ella es la primera mujer universitaria de Centroamérica". Noticias de El Salvador - elsalvador.com (in Spanish). 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
  29. ↑ "Género y Educación". www.oei.es. Retrieved 2020-01-02.

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