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| Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parliament of India | |
| Enacted by | Parliament of India |
| Status: Repealed | |
The Urban Land Ceiling Act was a law in India, that was passed in 1976.[ citation needed ]
The stated purpose of the law is "bringing about an equitable distribution of land in urban agglomerations to subserve the common good." [1]
In a real world scenario, monopoly of land can take place when people, entities and corporate companies, with access to huge capital can occupy vast tracts of land, hoard it, make it scarce and use this scarcity to control demand - supply of land
However this is problem is compounded due to the fact that governments from 1992 till today refused to develop lands quickly based on growth and demand, much like Germany where timely development of land and releasing it to public allowed land to be affordable. [ citation needed ]
The Act was repealed by Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Repeal Act, 1999. The repeal Act had in-built commencement date on 11 January 1999, vide section 1(3), for Haryana, Punjab and the union territories. For other states, it was left to the state legislatures to decide the date of commencement. Accordingly, it has been implemented on 28 November 2007 in Maharashtra [2] and 30 March 1999 in Gujarat. [3] The repeal Act has been adopted in all states except Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar and West Bengal. [4]
This act was repealed in November 2007 in the state of Maharashtra. The repeal was a pre-condition to the state government with a grant under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), to be used for major infrastructure development projects (like the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, the Mumbai Metro Project, the Bandra-Worli, the Worli-Nariman Point sealink and the Mumbai Urban Transport Project-II). [5]
However, there is still considerable confusion in the process required for the clearance of land for buildings; the repeal has not had much impact on the ground.
The Maharashtra Government has purchased large tracts of land under provisions of this act, to be used to provide low-cost housing to the common people. However, this land continues to lie vacant.
The Homestead Acts were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically called a homestead. In all, more than 160 million acres of public land, or nearly 10 percent of the total area of the United States, was given away free to 1.6 million homesteaders; most of the homesteads were west of the Mississippi River.
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