There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance,in line with the order of the courts in which they sit,so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in county courts and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales,particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.
Richard Joseph Sullivan is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He was formerly a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 2007 to 2018. He has been a member of the Federalist Society,a conservative legal organization.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgender (LGBTQ) people in Hong Kong may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents.
In the United States,the rights of transgender people vary considerably by jurisdiction. In recent decades,there has been an expansion of federal,state,and local laws and rulings to protect transgender Americans;however,many rights remain unprotected,and some rights are being eroded. Since 2020,there has been a national movement by conservative/right-wing politicians and organizations to target transgender rights. There has been a steady increase in the number of anti-transgender bills introduced each year,especially in Republican-led states.
Dame Victoria Madeleine Sharp,,PC is a British barrister and judge. She has been the President of the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice since 2019.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Mississippi face legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. LGBT rights in Mississippi are limited in comparison to other states. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Mississippi as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas. Same-sex marriage has been recognized since June 2015 in accordance with the Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. State statutes do not address discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity;however,the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County established that employment discrimination against LGBTQ people is illegal under federal law. The state capital Jackson and a number of other cities provide protections in housing and public accommodations as well.
Sir Andrew Ewart McFarlane is a British judge. He was a Lord Justice of Appeal in England and Wales from 2011 to 2018,and became President of the Family Division in July 2018 upon Sir James Munby’s retirement from that office.
Georgie Robertson Stone is an Australian actress,writer and transgender rights advocate. At the age of 11,Stone was the youngest person to receive hormone blockers in Australia,which set a precedent that eventually changed the law that compelled transgender children and their families to apply to the Family Court of Australia to access stage one treatment. She continues to advocate for transgender children,and is one of the most visible transgender people in Australia. She is also known for her role as Mackenzie Hargreaves in Neighbours.
Business courts,sometimes referred to as commercial courts,are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law,internal business disputes,and other matters affecting businesses. In the US,they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses,heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States,for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction;and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized,as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.
Jon Steven Tigar is an American lawyer serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. He was previously a California state court judge on the Alameda County Superior Court from 2002 to 2013.
Title IX of the United States Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination "on the basis of sex" in educational programs and activities that receive financial assistance from the federal government. The Obama administration interpreted Title IX to cover discrimination on the basis of assigned sex,gender identity,and transgender status. The Trump administration determined that the question of access to sex-segregated facilities should be left to the states and local school districts to decide. The validity of the executive's position is being tested in the federal courts.
Transgender rights in the United Kingdom have varied significantly over time.
Stuart Kyle Duncan is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was appointed to the court by President Donald Trump in 2017 and confirmed in 2018.
Andrew Stephen Oldham is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and former General Counsel to Texas Governor Greg Abbott.
Mary Kay Vyskocil is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and a former United States bankruptcy judge for the same court. President Donald Trump nominated her to the district bench in 2018 and again in 2019,and she was confirmed in 2019.
The following is a timeline of lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) history in the 21st century.
Sharon McGowan is an American lawyer and a partner at Katz Banks Kumin LLP,an employment and whistleblower firm based in Washington,D.C. Prior to joining KBK,she was the legal director and chief strategy officer for Lambda Legal. McGowan was an Obama administration appointee in the role of Acting General Counsel and Deputy General Counsel for Policy at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. She also served as Principal Deputy Chief of the Appellate Section of the Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice. In 2019,she was honored with the Stonewall Award,bestowed by the American Bar Association's Commission on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.
Taylor Brantley McNeel is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.
Sarah Elisabeth Geraghty is an American lawyer from Georgia who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. She previously was senior counsel for the Southern Center for Human Rights.
Sir Simon James Bryan is a British High Court judge.
