The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court,which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges,has extensive powers in the form of original,appellate and advisory jurisdictions.
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance,in line with the order of the courts in which they sit,so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in county courts and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales,particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.
A master is a judge of limited jurisdiction in the superior courts of England and Wales and in numerous other jurisdictions based on the common law tradition. A master's jurisdiction is generally confined to civil proceedings and is a subset of that of a superior court judge or justice. Masters are typically involved in hearing specialized types of trials,case management,and in some jurisdictions dispute resolution or adjudication of specific issues referred by judges.
Peter Julian Millett,Baron Millett,,was a British barrister and judge. He was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1998 to 2004.
Robert John Reed,Baron Reed of Allermuir,is a Scottish judge who has been President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom since January 2020. He was the principal judge in the Commercial Court in Scotland before being promoted to the Inner House of the Court of Session in 2008. He is an authority on human rights law in Scotland and elsewhere;he served as one of the UK's ad hoc judges at the European Court of Human Rights. He was also a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong.
Sir Gary Robert Hickinbottom is a British judge who currently serves as President of Welsh Tribunals and as Knight Principal of the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor. In 2008,he became the fourth solicitor to be appointed a High Court judge,after Michael Sachs in 1993,Lawrence Collins in 2000,and Henry Hodge in 2004.
In the United States,the rights of transgender people vary considerably by jurisdiction. In recent decades,there has been an expansion of federal,state,and local laws and rulings to protect transgender Americans;however,many rights remain unprotected,and some rights are being eroded. Since 2020,there has been a national movement by conservative/right-wing politicians and organizations to target transgender rights. There has been a steady increase in the number of anti-transgender bills introduced each year,especially in Republican-led states.
The High Court of Justice in London,known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England,together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court,are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC for legal citation purposes.
Sir Timothy Roger Alan King,styled The Hon. Mr Justice King,is a retired judge of the High Court of England and Wales assigned to the Queen's Bench Division.
Sir Peter Arthur Brian Jackson,PC,styled The Rt Hon Lord Justice Peter Jackson,is an English Appeal Court judge. Previously he was a High Court Judge assigned to the Family Division.
Sir Andrew Ewart McFarlane is a British judge. He was a Lord Justice of Appeal in England and Wales from 2011 to 2018,and became President of the Family Division in July 2018 upon Sir James Munby’s retirement from that office.
Michael Walter Fitzgerald is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
Dame Kathryn Mary Thirlwall,DBE,styled The Rt Hon Lady Justice Thirlwall,is an English judge of the Court of Appeal,and since December 2019 is the Senior Presiding Judge for England and Wales. She practised as a barrister from 1982,was a High Court judge from April 2010,and was promoted to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales in February 2017.
Judith Evelyn Jyothi Prakash is a Singaporean judge in the Supreme Court. Her brother is ambassador Simon Tensing de Cruz. Prakash was appointed a permanent Judge of Appeal of the Court of Appeal of Singapore on 1 August 2016,the first woman to hold this post. During her time on the bench,she was also Judge of the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts,where she heard appeal matters.
Dame Philippa Jane Whipple,is a British judge,former barrister,and former solicitor. Between October 2015 and November 2021,she was a Justice of the High Court assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. Since November 2021 she has been a judge of the Court of Appeal.
Liles Clifton Burke is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. His official duty station is the United States Courthouse at Huntsville,Alabama. He previously was an Associate Judge of the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals.
The court system of Niue is a three-tiered judicial system established by the Niue Constitution Act in the island nation of Niue. It consists of the High Court,which has original jurisdiction to hear all criminal,civil and land matters,the Court of Appeal,which has appellate civil and criminal jurisdiction,and the Privy Council in England. Justices interpret the law subject to the Constitution of Niue,and if they determine a law violates the Constitution then the Constitution takes precedence. A system of common law is used in the court system,and the Doctrine of Precedent ensures that lower courts follow the precedent of upper courts. The civil and criminal courts operate under an adversarial legal system,while the land courts operate under an inquisitive legal system.
Sir Michael John Fordham,,styled The Hon. Mr Justice Fordham,is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales assigned to the King's Bench Division. He was appointed as a Justice of the High Court on 13 January 2020.
Sir Simon James Bryan is a British High Court judge.
The King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice deals with a wide range of common law cases and has supervisory responsibility over certain lower courts.
