Vitreoscilla

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Vitreoscilla
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Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Neisseriales
Family: Neisseriaceae
Genus: Vitreoscilla
Pringsheim 1949

Vitreoscilla is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. [1] The bacterial haemoglobin (VHb) was first discovered from Vitreoscilla, and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation. [2]

Contents

Etymology

The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective vitreus, which means clear or transparent; and the noun oscillum, meaning a swing. Thus Vitreoscilla is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion.

Species

There are three valid species under the genus, namely [3]

Structure

Members of Vitreoscilla are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are morphologically colourless filaments that contain cells with diameters of 1-3 μm and 1-12 μm long. Each filament may contain from 1 to 40 cells. Locomotion is by gliding, and no special locomotor organelles are present. The cell walls are composed of the amino acids alanine, glutamate, and diaminopimelic acid, with approximate molar ratios of 2:1:1. [4] [5]

Importance

Vitreoscilla bacteria have a unique property in that they produces a type of haemoglobin, VHb. This molecule unlike classic haemoglobin is composed only of a single globin molecule. [6] VHb is known to have a wide variety of functions including improving cell growth, protein synthesis, enhanced metabolism, nitric oxide detoxification, increase respiration and production of ethanol. [2] Some of these properties have been exploited as potential benefits in biotechnology and industry. [7] [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Skerman VB, McGowan V, Sneath PH, eds. (1989). Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended). Washington, DC: ASM Press. ISBN   978-1-55581-014-6. PMID   20806452.
  2. 1 2 Stark BC, Dikshit KL, Pagilla KR (2011). "Recent advances in understanding the structure, function, and biotechnological usefulness of the hemoglobin from the bacterium Vitreoscilla". Biotechnol Lett. 33 (9): 1705–1714. doi:10.1007/s10529-011-0621-9. PMID   21603987.
  3. ↑ Euzéby JP. "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Vitreoscilla". LPSN . Retrieved 2013-05-31.
  4. ↑ Costerton JW, Murray RG, Robinow CF (1961). "Observations on the motility and the structure of Vitreoscilla". Can J Microbiol. 7: 329–339. doi:10.1139/m61-040. PMID   13695850.
  5. ↑ Fackrell H (1998). "Vitreoscilla". uwindsor.ca. University of Windsor. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
  6. ↑ Stark BC, Dikshit KL, Pagilla KR (2012). "The Biochemistry of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin". Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 3 (4) e201210002. doi:10.5936/csbj.201210002. PMC   3962134 .
  7. ↑ Yu H, Shen Z (1999). "Progress in research of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene". Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 39 (5): 478–482. PMID   12555532.
  8. ↑ Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Panpumthong P, Tangkosakul T, Boonpangrak S, Prachayasittikul V (2008). "Shedding light on the role of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin on cellular catabolic regulation by proteomic analysis". Int J Biol Sci. 4 (2): 71–82. doi:10.7150/ijbs.4.71. PMC   2267286 . PMID   18345284.
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