Volvo Brage/Starke/Raske | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | Volvo |
Also called | Volvo L360–375 Volvo L465–475 |
Production | 1954–72, approx. 29,500 produced [1] |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Medium size truck |
Powertrain | |
Engine | Volvo inline 6 |
Transmission | 4/5-speed manual |
Dimensions | |
Curb weight | 8,350 kg (18,408.6 lb) – 11,500 kg (25,353.2 lb) (gross weight) [1] |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Volvo Roundnose |
Successor | Volvo F85 |
The Volvo Brage/Starke/Raske was a series of medium size trucks produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1954 and 1972.
The Volvo Group is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks.
In 1954 Volvo introduced the medium-sized truck L370 Brage, named after the Norse god Bragi. The truck had a payload of 4.5 tonnes. Brage had an overhead valve petrol engine. In 1955 a budget model called L360 was added. It had a reduced payload of 3.5 tonnes and a side-valve engine. [2] The L360, which was never called Brage, was discontinued in 1957. Early trucks had a non-synchronized four-speed gear box, but this was soon replaced by a synchronized five-speed transmission. Demand for trucks with petrol engines declined with rising fuel prices and the Brage model was discontinued in 1963.
Bragi is the skaldic god of poetry in Norse mythology.
The tonne, commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States and Canada, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms or one megagram. It is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons (US) or 0.984 long tons (UK). Although not part of the SI, the tonne is accepted for use with SI units and prefixes by the International Committee for Weights and Measures.
A non-synchronous transmission is a form of transmission based on gears that do not use synchronizing mechanisms. They are found primarily in various types of agricultural and commercial vehicles. Because the gear boxes are engineered without "cone and collar" synchronizing technology, the non-synchronous transmission type requires an understanding of gear range, torque, engine power, range selector, multi-functional clutch, and shifter functions. Engineered to pull tremendous loads, often equal to or exceeding 40 tons, some vehicles may also use a combination of transmissions for different mechanisms. An example would be a power take-off.
Parallel with the Brage model Volvo offered a diesel version called L375 Starke (“Strong”), with a payload of 4.5 tonnes. [2] In 1955 the budget model L365 was added, with a payload of 3.5 tonnes but it was discontinued the following year. Also Starke soon got its unsynchronized gear box replaced with a more modern five-speed gear box.
The Diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber, is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical compression. Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised Diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously. With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion, the dispersion of the fuel is uneven; this is called a heterogenous air-fuel mixture. The process of mixing air and fuel happens almost entirely during combustion, the oxygen diffuses into the flame, which means that the Diesel engine operates with a diffusion flame. The torque a Diesel engine produces is controlled by manipulating the air ratio; this means, that instead of throttling the intake air, the Diesel engine relies on altering the amount of fuel that is injected, and the air ratio is usually high.
In 1961 the truck's name was changed to L465 Starke.
In 1961 the sturdier L475 Raske (“Swift”) was introduced, with a payload of 5 tonnes. Besides Starke's diesel engine Raske was offered with a turbo-diesel. [3]
Turbo-diesel, also written as turbodiesel and turbo diesel, refers to any Diesel engine equipped with a turbocharger. Turbocharging is common in modern car and truck Diesel engines to produce higher power outputs, lower emissions levels, and improved efficiency from a similar capacity of engine. Turbo-Diesels in automobiles offer a higher refinement level than their naturally aspirated counterparts.
In 1962 Volvo added the forward control L4751 Raske Tiptop with a tilting cab to the program.
Volvo introduced its "System 8" in 1965. The Starke model carried on with the new name N84. The major change for the truck was a more powerful engine. [3]
In Norway, this series of trucks were nicknamed "Bamse"(a diminutive for "bear", also meaning "teddy bear")The original names are mostly unknown. The bigger "Viking" retained its original name.
Model | Year | Engine [1] | Displacement | Power | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L360 | 1955–57 | Volvo ED: I6 sv | 3,670 cc (224 cu in) | 90 bhp (67 kW) | Petrol engine |
L370 | 1954–63 | Volvo A6: I6 ohv | 4,703 cc (287.0 cu in) | 115 bhp (86 kW) | Petrol engine |
L365-475 | 1955–65 | Volvo D47: I6 ohv | 4,703 cc (287.0 cu in) | 95 bhp (71 kW) | Diesel engine |
L475 | 1961–65 | Volvo TD47: I6 ohv | 4,703 cc (287.0 cu in) | 120 bhp (89 kW) | Turbo-diesel |
N84 | 1965–72 | Volvo D50: I6 ohv | 5,130 cc (313 cu in) | 107 bhp (80 kW) | Diesel engine |
The Mazda Bongo, also known as Mazda E-Series, Mazda Access, and the Ford Econovan, was a cabover van and pickup truck manufactured by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 1966. It has been built with rear-, middle-, as well as front-mounted engines. It also formed the basis for the long running Kia Bongo range. It is named for the African Bongo, a type of antelope.
The Volvo 300 Series is a rear wheel drive small family car sold as both a hatchback and (later) a conventional saloon from 1976 to 1991. It was launched in the Netherlands shortly after Volvo acquired a major stake in the passenger car division of DAF in 1973. The series consisted of the Volvo 340 and the later Volvo 360.
The Toyota Hilux is a series of light commercial vehicles produced and marketed by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. The majority of these vehicles were sold as pickup truck or cab chassis variants although they could be configured in a variety of body styles. Most countries used the Hilux name for the entire life of the series but in North America, the Hilux name was retired in 1976 in favor of Truck, Pickup Truck, or Compact Truck. In North America the popular option package, the SR5, was colloquially used as a model name for the truck, even though the option package was also used on other Toyota models like the 1972 to 1979 Corolla. In 1984, the Toyota Trekker, the camper version of the Hilux, was renamed as the 4Runner in Australia and North America, and as the Hilux Surf in Japan. In 1995, Toyota introduced a new pickup model, the Tacoma in North America, thus discontinuing the Hilux/Pickup. The 4Runner is now a full SUV, and the more recent models of the Hilux are separate in appearance from the Tacoma.
The Mazda B series is a series of pickup trucks first manufactured in 1961 by Mazda. Since the launch of the B series, Mazda has used the engine displacement to determine each model's name; the B1500 had a 1.5 L engine and the B2600 had a 2.6 L engine. In Japan, the name Mazda Proceed was used for the compact pickup. Other names used for this line include Mazda Bravo (Australia), Mazda Bounty, Mazda Magnum/Thunder/Fighter (Thailand), and Mazda Drifter.
The Mitsubishi Delica is a range of cabover vans and pickup trucks designed and built by the Japanese automaker Mitsubishi since 1968. It was originally based on a cabover van and pickup truck introduced the previous year, also called the Delica, its name a contraction of the English language phrase Delivery car. This pickup truck, and a commercial van derived from it has received many names in export markets, being sold as the L300 in Europe, Jamaica and New Zealand, Express and Starwagon in Australia, and plain Mitsubishi Van and Wagon in the US. The passenger car versions were known as Delica Star Wagon from 1979 until the 1994 introduction of the Delica Space Gear, which became simply Space Gear in Europe at least. The most recent version is called the Delica D:5. With the exception of the fourth generation, all five generations are still sold in various international markets.
The Volvo FL is Volvo's smallest truck and is suitable for local and regional distribution operations, refuse collection, construction truck or small format tractor. The Volvo FL has been built since the summer of 1985 in a variety of different models of different weight ratings. The latest model has been sold since 2013.
The Volvo FH is a heavy truck range produced by Swedish truck manufacturer Volvo Trucks. Introduced in late 1993 as FH12 and FH16, production still continues with the now the second generation of FH range model lineup. FH stands for Forward control High entry, where numbers denominate engine capacity in litres. The FH range is one of the most successful truck series ever having sold more than 400,000 units worldwide.
The Hesselman engine is a hybrid between a petrol engine and a Diesel engine introduced by Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman in 1925. It represented the first use of direct gasoline injection on a spark-ignition engine used to power a road going vehicle. The Hesselman engine saw use in heavy trucks and buses in models produced in the 1920s and 1930s.
The Volvo LV60-series was a light truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1929 and 1932.
The Volvo Snabbe and Trygge was a series of light trucks produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1956 and 1975.
The Volvo LV71-series was a medium size truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1932 and 1935.
The Volvo F84/F85/F86 was a series of medium size trucks produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1965 and 1979.
The Volvo LV66-70 was a truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1931 and 1936.
The Volvo Viking was a truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1953 and 1973.
The Volvo Titan was a heavy duty truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1951 and 1973.
The Scania-Vabis 314/324/325 was a series of trucks produced by Swedish automaker Scania-Vabis between 1925 and 1936.
The Scania-Vabis L10/L40/L51 was a series of trucks produced by Swedish automaker Scania-Vabis between 1944 and 1959.
The Scania-Vabis L20/L60/L71 was a series of heavy duty trucks produced by Swedish automaker Scania-Vabis between 1946 and 1958.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Volvo L375 . |
Volvo Trucks timeline, 1920s - 1960s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||
Light duty | LV4 | LV60-series | LV76-series | Sharpnose | L340 | Snabbe/Trygge | F82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium duty | LV71-series | LV81-series | Roundnose | Brage/Starke/Raske | F85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medium/heavy | LV66-series | Longnose | Viking | F86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heavy duty | Titan | F88 |