| WFDC2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | WFDC2 , EDDM4, HE4, WAP5, dJ461P17.6, WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 617548; MGI: 1914951; HomoloGene: 4450; GeneCards: WFDC2; OMA:WFDC2 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 - also known as Human Epididymis Protein 4 [5] (HE4) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFDC2 gene. [6] [7] [8]
HE4 is a tumor marker of ovarian cancer, with 80% sensitivity at a cut-off of 150 pmol/L. [9]
This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the WFDC domain family. The WFDC domain, or WAP Signature motif, contains eight cysteines forming four disulfide bonds at the core of the protein, and functions as a protease inhibitor in many family members. This gene is expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells among other tissues, and was also found to be expressed in some ovarian cancers. [5] The encoded protein is a small secretory protein, which may be involved in sperm maturation. [8]
Mucin-16(MUC-16) also known as Ovarian cancer-related tumor marker CA125 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. MUC-16 is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins. MUC-16 has found application as a tumor marker or biomarker that may be elevated in the blood of some patients with specific types of cancers, most notably ovarian cancer, or other conditions that are benign.
In humans, clusterin (CLU) is encoded by the CLU gene on chromosome 8. CLU is an extracellular molecular chaperone which binds to misfolded proteins in body fluids to neutralise their toxicity and mediate their cellular uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once internalised by cells, complexes between CLU and misfolded proteins are trafficked to lysosomes where they are degraded. CLU is involved in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, inflammatory diseases, and aging.
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is synthesized and excreted by the liver, and abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone. In humans it is encoded by the VTN gene.
Mesothelin, also known as MSLN, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSLN gene.
In molecular biology, the Whey acidic proteins (WAP) have been identified as a major whey protein family in milk, and are important in regulating the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, their physiological function is thought to be similar to a protease inhibitor. It has been concluded, therefore, that WAP regulate the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells by preventing elastase-type serine proteases from carrying out laminin degradation and by suppressing the MAP kinase signal pathway in the cell cycle.
Paired box gene 8, also known as PAX8, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX8 gene.
Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) also known as lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 and CD107a, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMP1 gene. The human LAMP1 gene is located on the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 at region 3, band 4 (13q34).
Stanniocalcin-1 is a glycoprotein, a homologue of a hormone stanniocalcin, first discovered in bony fishes. In humans it is encoded by the STC1 gene.
ENOX2 is a gene located on the long arm of the X chromosome in humans. The gene encodes the protein Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2, a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases.
OX-2 membrane glycoprotein, also named CD200 is a human protein encoded by the CD200 gene. CD200 gene is in human located on chromosome 3 in proximity to genes encoding other B7 proteins CD80/CD86. In mice CD200 gene is on chromosome 16.
Trophoblast glycoprotein, also known as TPBG, 5T4, Wnt-Activated Inhibitory Factor 1 or WAIF1, is a human protein encoded by a TPBG gene. TPBG is an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
Tetraspanin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN8 gene.
Sperm-associated antigen 11B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPAG11B gene.
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXNDC5 gene.
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 28 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM28 gene.
WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFDC5 gene.
Eppin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINLW1 gene.
WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFDC1 gene.
GTP-binding protein Di-Ras3 (DIRAS3) also known as aplysia ras homology member I (ARHI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIRAS3 gene.
BPI fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB1 gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract and pancreas.
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