Wake Island (film)

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Wake Island
WakeIsland (1942 movie) cover.jpg
Directed by John Farrow
Written by W. R. Burnett
Frank Butler
Produced byJoseph Sistrom
Starring Brian Donlevy
Macdonald Carey
Robert Preston
Albert Dekker
William Bendix
Walter Abel
Cinematography William C. Mellor
Theodor Sparkuhl
Edited by Frank Bracht
LeRoy Stone
Music by David Buttolph
Production
company
Paramount Pictures
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
Release date
Running time
88 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$826,000 [1]
Box office$3.5 million (U.S. and Canada rentals) [2] [3]

Wake Island is a 1942 American action drama war film directed by John Farrow, written by W. R. Burnett and Frank Butler, and starring Brian Donlevy, Robert Preston, Macdonald Carey, Albert Dekker, Barbara Britton, and William Bendix. The film tells the story of the United States military garrison on Wake Island and the onslaught by the Japanese following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Contents

Wake Island was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Outstanding Motion Picture. [4]

The film shows how the Marines, after being pounded for days by Japanese aircraft, caught the Japanese invaders by complete surprise by unleashing a wall of fire that stopped their first attempt to land on the island. The next attack was successful, in part because communications among the Marines had been cut, leading the Marine commander to believe his three hundred men were being slaughtered by the more than three thousand Japanese invaders. Because of their fierce defense of the island and because a Japanese cruiser was sunk, Marines were beheaded on the way to Japan to work as slaves in the mines there.

Plot

A map is shown with a voiceover giving a brief history of the United States military on Wake Island to November 1941. U.S. Marine Corps Major Geoffrey Caton departs Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii aboard the Pan American Clipper to take over command on Wake Island. A military contractor, Mr. McClosky, is also going there. The two clash during the flight.

Upon arrival, Caton inspects the island and identifies Privates Randall and Doyle as troublemakers. He has them dig a large slit trench by hand. McClosky has a construction contract for large trenches and living quarters, and drives his crew to complete the work on time. There are numerous conflicts between the military and the civilians, including practicing for air raids.

The next day is Sunday, December 7, 1941. Randall's enlistment is up, and he prepares to board the Clipper. Then news arrives about the Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor. The island goes on alert. Randall is unsure what to do. He is sent to a bomb shelter with the civilians, as enemy planes approach. The Americans have only four fighters in the air, holding eight in reserve, against 24 Japanese bombers. Marine fighters shoot down several Japanese planes, but the bombers inflict heavy damage. Following the raid, Caton tells Randall he is no longer a civilian. McClosky decides to stay and dig trenches and other shelters with his heavy equipment. That night, Caton informs pilot Lieutenant Bruce Cameron that his wife was killed at Pearl Harbor.

The next day, enemy ships approach. The Marines camouflage their equipment. Caton orders his men into shelters and to hold their fire while the Japanese bombard the island. The Japanese signal the Americans to surrender. Caton does not answer. He waits until the enemy ships have closed to 4700 yards before returning fire, repelling the landing attempt and sinking several ships.

On a reconnaissance flight, Cameron spots a Japanese heavy cruiser that can hit the island while remaining out of range of the defenders' weapons. He says he can take out that ship if his fighter is stripped down and carries only 15 gallons of fuel and a double load of bombs. Caton approves the mission. After successfully bombing the ship, Cameron is wounded by a Japanese fighter. He manages to land his airplane safely before dying.

Japanese planes bomb the island repeatedly.

Caton asks Captain Lewis to board a U.S. Navy patrol plane that is coming in, since he could provide intelligence to the U.S. Navy Department in Honolulu. Lewis refuses, but Caton orders him to go and file his official report.

Later, Caton is informed that they are running out of the largest-caliber ammunition, so he has smaller guns spread around and repositions his available men. Japanese planes approach in large numbers, causing major damage and inflicting numerous casualties. Only one pilot is left, Captain Patrick. When his plane is damaged, he bails out, but is killed while parachuting down.

The Japanese again signal for surrender. Caton replies, "Come and get us." Eventually, Caton orders all posts to act independently. Communications fail. Caton orders the last man out of his command post with a written message, as McClosky walks in, asking for a weapon. They make their way to an abandoned machine-gun position. Caton mans the gun. The Japanese land and overrun the American positions. The main characters are all killed in action. The film was made in 1942, at the beginning of American entry into World War II, shortly after the battle itself. It ends with a voiceover declaring: "This is not the end."

Cast

Production

The film was based on official Marine records. A copy of the script by W. R. Burnett and Frank Butler was sent to the Marine Corps for approval prior to filming. [7]

Director John Farrow had recently returned to Hollywood after being invalided out of the Canadian Navy. He was signed to make the film by Buddy DeSylva of Paramount, who liked Farrow's 1939 film Five Came Back . Farrow had visited Wake Island during his pre-Hollywood sailing days. [8]

Filming started 23 March 1942. [9] Most of the Japanese were played by Filipinos. [10]

A special weapons detail of selected Marines from Camp Elliott, near San Diego, manned machine guns in land battle scenes. Marine crews were also used as extras and to operate equipment. [7]

Three main locations were used. Most exteriors were shot in the Salton Sea in the California desert; filming took place here for three weeks at Sandy Beach [11] which resembled Wake Island. The aerial battles were filmed at the Great Salt Lake in Utah. The big guns were fired at a coastal firing range near San Diego. [12] [13]

The film was a fictional account with Brian Donlevy's character being based on Major James P. S. Devereux, commander of the 1st Defense Battalion detachment on Wake. MacDonald Carey's was based on Major Henry T. Elrod and Captain Frank Cunningham. Walter Abel played the naval commander who in real life was Commander Winfield S. Cunningham. [7]

The film crew had to battle intense sand storms on Sand Island. [7] Following the location shoot, the main unit returned to Paramount Studio for three weeks of filming, while the second unit remained at Salton Sea under Hal Walker to do bombing scenes. [7]

After completing the film, Farrow signed a long-term contract with Paramount. [14]

MacDonald Carey was so inspired by working on the picture that he joined the United States Marine Corps after filming ended. [7]

A radio play drama version featuring many of the same film actors was broadcast October 26, 1942 on the Lux Radio Theatre , hosted by Cecil B. DeMille on the CBS radio network.

Reception

Brian Donlevy, Mrs. Hermle, Major General John Marston, Colonel Leo D. Hermle, and Major Raymond W. Hanson at the film premiere Wake Island Premiere, San Diego, 24 August 1942 (17030895346).jpg
Brian Donlevy, Mrs. Hermle, Major General John Marston, Colonel Leo D. Hermle, and Major Raymond W. Hanson at the film premiere

The film received positive reviews from critics. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called it "a film for which its makers deserve a sincere salute. Except for the use of fictional names and a very slight contrivance of plot, it might be a literal document of the manner in which the Wake detachment of Marines fought and died in the finest tradition of their tough and indomitable corps." [15]

Variety agreed and called it "one of the most striking pictures of the year ... Never is there pandering to phoney flag-waving, always just a group of normal human beings who knew of no other course than fighting to the end." [16]

Harrison's Reports called it "Thrilling ... The realism of the Japanese attacks, and the stout defense put up by the Marines, are spine-chilling battle scenes that hold one in constant suspense, even though one is aware of the final outcome." [17] Film Daily called it a "Stirring epic which will thrill the nation." [18]

Wake Island placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 592 critics selecting the best films of 1942. [19]

On Rotten Tomatoes, Wake Island holds a rating of 89% based on 9 contemporary and modern reviews. [20]

It was one of the biggest box office hits of the year. [3]

Awards

At the 15th Academy Awards on March 4, 1943, Wake Island was nominated for Outstanding Motion Picture, Best Director (John Farrow), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (William Bendix), and Original Screenplay (W.R. Burnett and Frank Butler). [4] John Farrow won the New York Film Critics' Award for Best Director. [21]

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References

  1. ↑ "Wake Island". American Film Institute . Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  2. ↑ "101 Pix Gross in Millions". Variety . January 6, 1943. p. 58.
  3. 1 2 Thomas Schatz, Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s Univ. of California Press, 1999 p. 243
  4. 1 2 "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. 4 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "Chuck Connors Minor Leagues Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com.
  6. ↑ Collier, Lionel. "Shop For Your Films". Picturegoer. Jan 23, 1943. p. 12. Via Proquest.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Production notes on picture "Wake Island". (1942). Marine Corps Gazette, 26(3), 34–35, 48–49. ProQuest   206293139
  8. ↑ Schallert, E. (Feb 9, 1942). "Drama". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest   165314488.
  9. ↑ "Screen News Here and in Hollywood". New York Times. Feb 21, 1942. ProQuest   106166001.
  10. ↑ "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. May 2, 1942. ProQuest   165346945.
  11. ↑ "Military: Salton Sea was used as 'Wake Island' movie set".
  12. ↑ Palm Springs Visitors Center. "Coachella Valley Feature Film Production 1920–2011". Filming in Palm Springs. Palm Springs, California. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012. Download [ permanent dead link ] (Downloadable PDF file)
  13. ↑ "'Wake Island', Colorado". New York Times. Aug 2, 1942. ProQuest   106260077.
  14. ↑ "Gene kelly to be starred with lana turner at metro in 'nothing ventured'". New York Times. Jul 29, 1942. ProQuest   106271800.
  15. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (September 2, 1942). "Movie Review – Wake Island". The New York Times . Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Film Reviews". Variety . New York: Variety, Inc. August 12, 1942. p. 8.
  17. ↑ "'Wake Island' with Brian Donlevy, Macdonald Carey and Robert Preston". Harrison's Reports : 130. August 15, 1942.
  18. ↑ "Reviews of the New Films". Film Daily . New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 6 August 12, 1942.
  19. ↑ "'Miniver' Wins Critics Poll". Film Daily . New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 1 January 13, 1943.
  20. ↑ "Wake Island | Rotten Tomatoes". www.rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  21. ↑ "Film Critics pick 'In Which We Serve.'". New York Times. Dec 30, 1942. ProQuest   106319360.
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