Warakamai

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The Warakamai, now more frequently known as the Warrgamay, are an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

Contents

Language

Their language, Warrgamay, is now extinct. It was a variety of Dyirbalic, and appears to be composed of three distinct dialects:Wargamaygan spoken around the lower reaches of the Herbert River; Biyay spoken at the mouth of the Herbert, in the area of Halifax and Bemerside; and Hinchinbrook Biyay, spoken around the coastal area south of Cardwell and offshore on Hinchinbrook Island. [1]

Country

The Warakamai were the indigenous people of Halifax Bay, and held in Norman Tindale's calculations, approximately 600 square miles (1,600 km2) of tribal domains. [2] An early resident, James Cassady, specified that they had 50 miles of shortline extending into the hinterland approximately 15 miles. [3] Their northern neighbours were the Girramay, while to their south lay the Wulgurukaba. [4]

Social organization

The Warakamai were divided into several hordes: [3]

The intermarriage of groups has been classified as follows: [5]

MaleFemaleMale ChildrenFemale Children
KorkoroWongarugunWateroWoterungan
WongoKorkorunganKorkeenKorkeelingan
KorkeenWoterunganWongoWongerungan
WoteroKorkeelinganKorkoroKorkorungan

Customs

Circumcision as an initiatory rite was unknown among the Warakamai. They did practice tooth avulsion, ritual scarification and piercing of the septum to wear nose bones. Polygamy was common, and widows were married to their deceased husband's brother. [5]

History of contact

The area of Halifax Bay first began to be settled by white colonialists in 1865. At that time the numbers of Warakami were estimated to amount to roughly 500 people. Within 15 years, they had declined by 300, a mere 40 of the surviving 200 being men. The difference was due to their being relentlessly hunted and gunned down by mounted native troopers under white supervision, together with settlers, both of whom 'shot as many of the males of the tribe as possible.' [3] [lower-alpha 1]

Alternative names

Some words

Notes

  1. ↑ According to another resident, R. Johnstone, the reasons for the decline had nothing to do with the police or settlers: 'Their country was occupied by the whites to some extent, since which period, as the result of measles, consumption, and drink, the numbers composing the tribes have greatly diminished.' [4]

Citations

Sources

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