Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is one of the oldest and most important places in Islamic history. One of the most sacred cities in Islam, the population as of 2022 is 1,411,599, making it the fourth-most populous city in the country. Around 58.5% of the population are Saudi citizens and 41.5% are foreigners. Located at the core of the Medina Province in the western reaches of the country, the city is distributed over 589 km2 (227 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) constitutes the city's urban area, while the rest is occupied by the Hejaz Mountains, empty valleys, agricultural spaces and older dormant volcanoes.
The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq and the Battle of the Confederates, was part of the conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh, where this time the Quraysh took the offensive and advanced on the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around their settlement at the suggestion of Salman the Persian. The battle, which took place in 627 and lasted around two weeks, was lightly fought, with the Muslims reported to have suffered five to six casualties and the Quraysh three.
Ṭalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Taymī was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is mostly known for being among al-ʿashara al-mubashshara. He played an important role in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, in which he died. According to Sunnis, he was given the title "the Generous" by Muhammad.
Zayd ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad and a brother of Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Islamic caliph.
The Banū Khuzāʿah are an Azdite, Qahtanite tribe, one of the main ancestral tribes of Arabia. They ruled Mecca for 400 years before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and many members of the tribe now live in and around that city. Others are also present in significant numbers in countries such as Iraq, Palestine, and Jordan, but can also be found across the Middle East.
Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām al-Anṣārī, Abu Muhammad and Abu Abd al-Rahman also wrote his nickname was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Imami sources say Jabir was one of Ali's special and chosen companions and one of Hassan, Hussein, Zain al-Abidin and Muhammad Baqir's companions. Jaber narrated hadiths from Abu Bakr, Umar, Ammar ibn Yasir and Muadh ibn Jabal, and he narrated hadiths from young companions including Saʽid al-Khudri and Abu Hurayra. Jabir bin Abdullah also had a scientific reputation among the companions. According to Hisham ibn Urwah, he had a circle for teaching in the Prophet's Mosque, which brought followers around him in connection with the Quran.
The Battle of Uhud was fought between the early Muslims and the Quraysh during the Muslim–Quraysh wars in a valley north of Mount Uhud near Medina on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD.
Tihamah or Tihama is the Red Sea coastal plain of the Arabian Peninsula from the Gulf of Aqaba to the Bab el Mandeb.
Mount Uhud is a mountain north of Medina, in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. It is 1,077 m (3,533 ft) high and 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long. It was the site of the second battle between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the polytheists of his tribe of Quraysh. The Battle of Uhud was fought on 19 March, 625 CE, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina and a force from Mecca, in north-western Arabia.
Qatada ibn al-Nu'man (c.581–c.644) was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a member of the Ansar.
Nur al-Din Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Hasani al-Samhudi, better known as Nur al-Din al-Samhudi was an Arab Sunni Islamic scholar from the 15th century. He was a well-known Shafi'i jurist, hadith scholar, mufti and historian of Medina. He is best known for his history of the city of Medina entitled Wafa al-Wafa bi Akhbar Dar al-Mustafa. He is known to be the last person to enter and clean the Inner Chamber of the prophet Muhammad's grave.
Miracles of Muhammad are miraculous claims attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah ibn Dulaym Al Ansari was the chief of the Sa'ida clan of the Khazraj tribe in Medina in the early seventh century. He was later recognised as the chief of the whole Khazraj tribe, and then of all the Ansar. He was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and he made an abortive attempt to nominate himself as caliph of Islam after Muhammad's death.
The Battle of Hamra al-Assad, was a Ghazawat, a battle in which Muhammad took part. It occurred in AD 625 after the Battle of Uhud, when the Quraysh were returning to Mecca.
Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was a foster brother, paternal uncle, maternal second-cousin, and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Saʿd ibn Muʿādh al-Ansari was the chief of the Aws tribe in Medina and one of the prominent companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He died shortly after the Battle of the Trench.
The Expedition of Badr al-Maw'id was the third time Muhammad led an expedition in Badr. Modern historians date the event to October 625, though several alternative dates are found in primary sources.
Shujāʿ ibn Wahb al-Asadī was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the pre-Islamic era, who participated in wars including Badr and Uhud. Some sources also suggest that Muhammad sent him as a messenger with letters to most of the world's king kings at that time. Also, a hadith narrated by Imam al-Zuhri said that Shuja was the messenger of Muhammad sent to the Persian king Khosrow II. He was the one who handed over the letter sent by Muhammad to Khosrow.
The Muslim–Quraysh War was a six-year military and religious war in the Arabian Peninsula between the early Muslims led by Muhammad on one side and the Arab pagan Quraysh tribe on the other. The war started in March 624 with the Battle of Badr, and concluded with the Conquest of Mecca.
Ayr Mountain is one of the largest mountains in Medina, about seven kilometers from the Prophet's Mosque, and was mentioned in the hadith of Muhammad as one of the borders of the city from the southern side. It is one of the two mountains referred to in what Muhammad said when he oversaw the city, "O Allah, I make sacred what lies between these two mountains as Abraham made Mecca sacred, O Allah, bless them". Ayr Mountain is considered an important landmark in Medina, as it represents the border of the city's campus from the southern side. As Muhammad made it a marker of the boundaries of this campus, in the two sahihs from the hadith of Ibrahim al-Taimi Muhammad said: "That the city is between Ayr and Thawr".
