The Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA),also referred to by proponents as the Marriage Protection Amendment,was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would legally define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. The FMA would also prevent judicial extension of marriage rights to same-sex (gay) or other unmarried homosexual couples.
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2005.
Denise R. Dittrich is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2005 to 2012,representing District 47A,which included portions of the cities of Coon Rapids and Champlin in Anoka and Hennepin counties,which are part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Julie A. Rosen is an American politician serving as a member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota,she represents District 23,which includes all or portions of Blue Earth,Faribault,Jackson,Le Sueur,Martin,Waseca,and Watonwan counties in the southern part of the state.
David Scott Dibble is an American politician serving as a member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL),he represents District 61,which includes portions of Minneapolis in Hennepin County.
Karen J. Clark is an American politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL),she represented District 62A,which included portions of the city of Minneapolis in the Twin Cities metropolitan area including portions of the Whittier,Phillips,Ventura Village,Seward,and Lyn-Lake neighborhoods. She was the longest serving openly lesbian member to serve in a state legislature in the United States. On December 8,2017,Clark announced in a press release that she would not be running for reelection.
Same-sex marriage has been fully recognized in Minnesota since August 1,2013. Same-sex marriages have been recognized if performed in other jurisdictions since July 1,2013,and the state began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on August 1,2013. After 51.9% of state voters rejected a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage in November 2012,the Minnesota Legislature passed a same-sex marriage bill in May 2013,which Governor Mark Dayton signed on May 14,2013. Minnesota was the second state in the Midwest,after Iowa,to legalize marriage between same-sex couples,and the first in the region to do so by enacting legislation rather than by court order. Minnesota was the first state to reject a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage,though Arizona rejected one in 2006 that banned all legal recognition and later approved one banning only marriage.
House Bill 444 was a 2009 bill of the Hawaii State Legislature,passed in April 2010 and vetoed by Governor of Hawaii Linda Lingle,that would have legalized civil unions for couples in the state of Hawaii. Its legislative process was accompanied by controversy over the bill's content and effects and rallies were held by supporters and opponents.
The U.S. state of Colorado has provided limited recognition of same-sex unions in the form of designated beneficiary agreements since July 1,2009,and as civil unions since May 1,2013. Same-sex marriage was legalized on October 7,2014.
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Pennsylvania since May 20,2014,when a U.S. federal district court judge ruled that the state's 1996 statutory ban on recognizing same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. Governor Tom Corbett announced the following day that he would not appeal the decision. Pennsylvania had previously prohibited the recognition of same-sex marriage by statute since 1996,but had never added such a ban to its State Constitution.
The 2012 United States elections took place on November 6,2012. Democratic President Barack Obama won reelection to a second term and the Democrats gained seats in both chambers of Congress,retaining control of the Senate even though the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives. As of 2024,this is the most recent election cycle in which neither the presidency nor a chamber of Congress changed partisan control,and the last time that the party that won the presidency simultaneously gained seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The Respect for Marriage Act is a landmark United States federal law passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden. It repeals the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),requires the U.S. federal government and all U.S. states and territories to recognize the validity of same-sex and interracial civil marriages in the United States,and protects religious liberty. Its first version in 2009 was supported by former Republican U.S. Representative Bob Barr,the original sponsor of DOMA,and former President Bill Clinton,who signed DOMA in 1996. Iterations of the proposal were put forth in the 111th,112th,113th,114th,and 117th Congresses.
Glenn H. Gruenhagen is an American politician from Minnesota. He serves in the Minnesota Senate representing District 17,which includes Carver,McLeod,Meeker,and Sibley Counties. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota,Gruenhagen has been the subject of both state and national headlines for his opposition to homosexuality and gay marriage,his climate change denial,his opposition to vaccine mandates,his denial of the results of the 2020 United States elections at both the state and federal levels,and his proposal to require instruction in Minnesota high schools on the cause of "sickness,disease,pain,suffering,and death". Gruenhagen works as an insurance agent. He owns Gruenhagen Insurance and Financial Services in Glencoe.
Kurt P. Bills is an American educator and former politician. He has taught and coached high school since 1994. He served on the Rosemount City Council from 2008 to 2010. He then served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2011 to 2012. He was the Republican nominee for United States Senate in Minnesota in 2012,losing in a landslide to Democratic incumbent Amy Klobuchar.
Branden Petersen is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota,he represented District 35,which includes portions of Anoka County in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area. From 2011 to 2013 he was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives representing District 49B.
The Marriage Equality Act is a 2011 landmark New York State law that made same-sex marriage legal. The bill was introduced in the New York State Assembly by Assemblyman Daniel O'Donnell and in the New York State Senate by Senator Thomas Duane. It was signed into law by Gov. Andrew Cuomo on June 24,2011 and took effect on July 24,2011.
Maine Question 1 was a voter referendum on an initiated state statute that occurred on November 6,2012. The referendum was held to determine whether or not to legalize same-sex marriage. The referendum passed with a 53-47% vote legalizing same-sex marriage in Maine.
Elections were held in Minnesota on Tuesday,November 6,2012. Primary elections took place on August 14,2012.
The Hawaii Marriage Equality Act of 2013 is legislation passed by the Hawaii State Legislature as Senate Bill 1 (SB1) and signed by Governor Neil Abercrombie which legalized same-sex marriage in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Prior to the bill's enactment,same-sex couples in the state of Hawaii were allowed to form civil unions or reciprocal beneficiary relationships;however,civil unions are both legally limited to civil officials in their performance and unrecognized by the federal government,and RBRs are even more limited by the rights and privileges accorded.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Virginia since October 6,2014,following the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court not to hear an appeal of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals' ruling in Bostic v. Schaefer. Same-sex marriages subsequently began at 1:00 p.m. on October 6 after the Fourth Circuit issued its mandate,and since then Virginia has performed legal marriages of same-sex couples and recognized out-of-state same-sex marriages. Previously,the state had passed a statute prohibiting same-sex marriage in 1975,and further restrictions were added in 1997 and 2004,which made "void and unenforceable" any arrangements between same-sex couples bestowing the "privileges or obligations of marriage". Voters approved an amendment to the Constitution of Virginia reinforcing the existing laws in 2006. On January 14,2014,a U.S. district court judge ruled in Bostic that Virginia's statutory and constitutional ban on the state recognition of same-sex marriages were unconstitutional,a decision upheld by the Fourth Circuit on July 28,2014.
