Bulbothrix is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. This genus is synonymous with Bulbothricella V.Marcano, S.Mohali & A.Morales. Bulbothrix was circumscribed by lichenologist Mason E. Hale in 1974 with Bulbothrix semilunata as the type species.
Xanthoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Xanthoparmelia is synonymous with Almbornia, Neofuscelia, Chondropsis, Namakwa, Paraparmelia, and Xanthomaculina. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador.
Psiloparmelia is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 13 Southern Hemisphere species, most of which are found growing on rocks at high elevations in South America. There are several characteristic features of the genus that are used to distinguish it from the morphologically similar genera, such as Arctoparmelia, Flavoparmelia, and Xanthoparmelia. These include a dark, velvety lower thallus surface that usually lacks rhizines, a negative test for lichenan, and a high concentration of usnic acid and atranorin in the cortex.
Xanthoparmelia mexicana, commonly known as the salted rock-shield, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows in 4–10 cm diameter rosettes of gray-green to yellow-green lobes in arid climates all over the world.
Xanthoparmelia lineola, commonly known as the tight rock-shield, is a foliose lichen species in the genus Xanthoparmelia. It is a common species with a temperate distribution. Found in North America and South Africa, it grows on rocks.
Hypotrachyna vainioi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Constipatic acid is a fatty acid found in several lichen species. It was isolated, identified, and named by Douglas Chester and John Alan Elix in a 1979 publication. The compound was extracted from the Australian leafy lichen called Xanthoparmelia constipata, which was collected on schist boulders west of Springton, South Australia. The related compounds protoconstipatic acid and dehydroconstipatic acid were also reported concurrently. Syo Kurokawa and Rex Filson had previously detected the compounds using thin-layer chromatography when they formally described the lichen as a new species in 1975, but had not characterised them chemically.
Xanthoparmelia salazinica is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was described as a new species in 1989 by American lichenologist Mason Hale. He classified it in Karoowia, a genus that has since been placed in synonymy with Xanthoparmelia following molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2010.
Xanthoparmelia isidiovagans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae
Xanthoparmelia subverrucigera is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Spain and Zimbabwe, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by lichenologists Oscar Blanco, Ana Crespo, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected by the authors in Embid de la Ribera at an altitude of 510 m (1,670 ft); here, the lichen was found growing on siliceous rocks. It has also been collected from Rhodes Matopos National Park in Zimbabwe. The specific epithet subverrucigera alludes to its resemblance with X. verrucigera.
Xanthoparmelia boyeri is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Kenya, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Lewis Glacier on Mount Kenya, where it was found growing on volcanic rock. The species epithet refers to M. Boyer, one of the collectors of the type. The lichen contains salazinic acid as a major lichen product, minor amounts of usnic acid and norstictic acid, and trace amounts of consalazinic acid.
Xanthoparmelia dubitella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, where it was found growing as small, somewhat crustose rosettes on rocks and boulders. It is only known from the type collection. The lichen contains norlobaridone as a major product, minor amounts of usnic acid and connorlobaridone, and trace amounts of loxodin. The species epithet refers to its resemblance to Xanthoparmelia dubitata, which is distinguished by its larger thalli, broader lobes, and a lower surface that is pale tan to brown in colour.
Xanthoparmelia kleinswartbergensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from Klein Swartberg, where it was found growing on large boulders in a gorge. It contains protocetraric acid as a major lichen product, minor amounts of usnic acid and anhydrofusarubin lactol, and trace amounts of anhydrofusarubin lactol methyl ketal. The species epithet refers to the type locality, the only place the lichen is known to occur.
Xanthoparmelia lobuliferella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Jonaskop mountain at an altitude of 1,600 m (5,200 ft); there it was found growing on south-facing rocks. It contains several lichen products: major amounts of usnic acid and stictic acid, and minor amounts of constictic acid, norstictic acid, cryptostictic acid, lobaric acid, stenosporonic acid, lichesterinic acid, and protolichesterinic acid. The species epithet refers to its resemblance to Xanthoparmelia lobulifera.
Xanthoparmelia malawiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Malawi, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected in Nyika National Park at an altitude of 2,300 m (7,500 ft), where it was found growing on granite rocks. It is only known from the type locality. It contains usnic acid and stictic acid as major lichen products, and minor amounts of constictic acid, norstictic acid, cryptostictic acid, and lusitanic acid.
Xanthoparmelia micromaculata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the summit of Waboomsberg mountain at an altitude of 1,220 m (4,000 ft). It is only known from the type locality. The lichen has a pale yellow-green, somewhat crustose thallus, reaching a diameter of up to 1 cm (0.4 in) wide. It contains several lichen products: stictic acid as a major metabolite, minor amounts of usnic acid, constictic acid, and hypostictic acid, and minor or trace amounts of norstictic acid, hyposalazinic acid, and cryptostictic acid. The species epithet refers to the prominent maculae on the thallus surface.
Xanthoparmelia waboomsbergensis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the summit of Waboomsberg mountain at an altitude of 1,220 m (4,000 ft). The species epithet refers to the type locality, the only place the lichen is known to occur.
Xanthoparmelia perezdepazii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the Canary Islands.
Constictic acid is a chemical compound of the depsidone class. It was first isolated in 1968 from lichen of the genus Usnea. It has since been found in many other lichen genera including Menegazzia, Crespoa, and Xanthoparmelia.
