The bell pepper is the fruit of plants in the Grossum Group of the species Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors,including red,yellow,orange,green,white,chocolate,candy cane striped,and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as "sweet peppers". While they are botanically fruits—classified as berries—they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. Other varieties of the genus Capsicum are categorized as chili peppers when they are cultivated for their pungency,including some varieties of Capsicum annuum.
Chili peppers,from Nahuatl chīlli,are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum,which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae,cultivated for their pungency. Chili peppers are widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add "heat" to dishes. Capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids are the substances giving chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically. While chili peppers are pungent or "spicy",there are other varieties of capsicum such as bell peppers,which generally provide additional sweetness and flavor to a meal rather than "heat".
The jalapeño is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum. A mature jalapeño chili is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and hangs down with a round,firm,smooth flesh of 25–38 mm wide. It can have a range of pungency,with Scoville heat units of 4,000 to 8,500. Commonly picked and consumed while still green,it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red,orange,or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper.
Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America,the Caribbean,and northern South America. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers,including sweet bell peppers and some chili pepper varieties such as jalapeños,New Mexico chile,and cayenne peppers,all of which are nightshades. Cultivars descended from the wild American bird pepper are still found in warmer regions of the Americas. In the past,some woody forms of this species have been called C. frutescens,but the features that were used to distinguish those forms appear in many populations of C. annuum and are not consistently recognizable features in C. frutescens species.
Capsicum frutescens is a wild chili pepper having genetic proximity to the cultivated pepper Capsicum chinense native to Central and South America. Pepper cultivars of C. frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants. Flowers are white with a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla,and are either insect- or self-pollinated. The plants' berries typically grow erect;ellipsoid-conical to lanceoloid shaped. They are usually very small and pungent,growing 10–20 millimetres (0.39–0.79 in) long and 3–7 millimetres (0.12–0.28 in) in diameter. Fruit typically grows a pale yellow and matures to a bright red,but can also be other colors. C. frutescens has a smaller variety of shapes compared to other Capsicum species. C. frutescens has been bred to produce ornamental strains because of its large quantities of erect peppers growing in colorful ripening patterns.
Capsicum chinense,commonly known as a "habanero-type pepper",is a species of chili pepper native to the Americas. C. chinense varieties are well known for their unique flavors and many have exceptional heat. The hottest peppers in the world are members of this species,with Scoville Heat Unit scores of over 2 million. Some taxonomists consider them to be part of the species C. annuum, and they are a member of the C. annuum complex;however,C. chinense and C. annuum pepper plants can sometimes be distinguished by the number of flowers or fruit per node –two to five for C. chinense and one for C. annuum –though this method is not always correct. The two species can also hybridize and generate inter-specific hybrids. It is believed that C. frutescens is the ancestor to the C. chinense species.
Peri-peri is a cultivar of Capsicum frutescens from the malagueta pepper. It was originally produced by Portuguese explorers in Portugal's former Southern African territories and then spread to other Portuguese domains.
The banana pepper is a medium-sized member of the chili pepper family that has a mild,tangy taste. While typically bright yellow,it is possible for them to change to green,red,or orange as they ripen. It is often pickled,stuffed or used as a raw ingredient in foods. It is a cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum. Its flavor is not very hot and,as is the case with most peppers,its heat depends on the maturity of the pepper,with the ripest being sweeter than younger ones.
Siling labuyo is a small chili pepper cultivar that developed in the Philippines after the Columbian Exchange. It belongs to the species Capsicum frutescens and is characterized by triangular fruits which grow pointing upwards. The fruits and leaves are used in traditional Philippine cuisine. The fruit is pungent,ranking at 80,000 to 100,000 heat units in the Scoville Scale.
Guntur Sannam or Capsicum annuum var. longum,is a variety of chili pepper that grows in the districts of Guntur,Prakasam,Warangal (Telangana),and Khammam in India. It is registered as one of the geographical indications of Andhra Pradesh.
The Hainan yellow lantern chili,also known as the yellow emperor chili is a member of the Capsicum chinense species of chili peppers that grows mainly in the southwest and southeast of Hainan Island off the coast of Southern China.
Kambuzi is a small,round chili pepper cultivar found in central Malawi,a landlocked country in southeast Africa. It comes in a variety of colors including yellow,red and orange. It is used to make condiments and turned into sauces,or sandwich spreads. Their flavor is similar to that of the Habanero chili.
The Cheongyang chili pepper is a medium-sized chili cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum,with intensity of 10,000 Scoville heat units. Cheongyang chili peppers look similar to regular Korean chili peppers,but are many times spicier.
The Trinidad Moruga scorpion is a chili pepper native to the village of Moruga,Trinidad and Tobago. In 2012,New Mexico State University's Chile Pepper Institute identified the Trinidad Moruga scorpion as the hottest chili at that time,with heat of 1.2 million Scoville heat units (SHUs).
The Carolina Reaper is a cultivar of the Capsicum chinense plant. Developed by American breeder Ed Currie,the pepper is red and gnarled,with a bumpy texture and small pointed tail. In 2013,Guinness World Records declared it the hottest chili pepper in the world.
The ghost pepper,also known as bhut jolokia,is an interspecific hybrid chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India. It is a hybrid of Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens.
Capsicum is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae,native to the Americas,cultivated worldwide for their chili pepper or bell pepper fruit.
The cayenne pepper is a type of Capsicum annuum. It is usually a moderately hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes. Cayenne peppers are a group of tapering,10 to 25 cm long,generally skinny,mostly red-colored peppers,often with a curved tip and somewhat rippled skin,which hang from the bush as opposed to growing upright. Most varieties are generally rated at 30,000 to 50,000 Scoville units.
Dragon's Breath is a chili pepper cultivar that unofficially tested at 2.48 million Scoville units.
Very hot
