| Yakovlev AIR-3 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| D.A Koshits (r) and his mechanic B.N. Podlensky in front of their AIR-3 | |
| Role | Two-seat monoplane |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Yakovlev |
| Designer | Aleksandr Sergeyevich Yakovlev |
| First flight | (AIR-3) 17 August 1929 [1] (AIR-4) September 1930, (AIR-8) 1934 |
| Number built | (AIR-3) 1, (AIR-4) 5, (AIR-8) 1 |
| Developed from | Yakovlev AIR-2 |
The Yakovlev AIR-3 was a 1920s Soviet two-seat general aviation monoplane designed and built by Aleksandr Sergeyevich Yakovlev. [2]
Following his design of the earlier AIR-1 and AIR-2, Yakovlev was taken on as a student at the Nikolai Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, where he designed the AIR-3, which was similar to the earlier AIR-2 biplane but with a strut-braced high parasol wing. [1] Powered by a 60 hp (45 kW) Walter NZ-60 radial piston engine, [2] the AIR-3 was also known as Pionerskaya Pravda after the Pionerskaya Pravda, a young-communist newspaper, which had raised funds for the construction from its readership. [1] On 6 September 1929 the aircraft was flown non-stop between Mineralnye Vody and Moscow, a distance of 1835 km, achieving two light aircraft world records. [2] [3]
In 1930 the design was refined as the Yakovlev AIR-4 with a new split-axle landing gear, wider cockpits fitted with entrance doors and extra fuel. [3]
One AIR-4 was modified as the Yakovlev AIR-4MK in 1933 to test nearly full-span split flaps. Floating wingtips, which provided roll control, were added to release as much trailing edge as possible for the flaps. [3]
A military liaison variant of the AIR-4, the Yakovlev AIR-8, was also produced in 1934, fitted with an 85 hp (63 kW) Siemens engine and constant chord wings of greater area. [3]
After a preliminary experiment using a Polikarpov U-2, Professor Sergei Grigorevich Kozlov, of the Nikolai Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, modified a Yakovlev AIR-4, in 1935, to produce the Kozlov PS (Prozrachnyy Samolyot — transparent aircraft). Fabric covering on the fuselage and wings was replaced with a transparent plastic material, called ''Cellon'' or ''Rhodoid'', and the opaque structure was painted with a white paint mixed with aluminium powder. Trials with ground and airborne observations confirmed Kozlov's theories, with the bonus of excellent visibility for the crew. After the initial success, the film was found to become opaque through dirt collection and the effects of the sun, diminishing the ''invisibility effect''. [1] [4]
Kozlov proposed an invisible single-seat reconnaissance aircraft using the transparent plastic material, but doubts about structural strength of the material precluded development. Further studies into transparent aircraft were ordered from the experimental institute headed by Pyotr I. Grokhovskii but no more transparent aircraft were built using Kozlov's methods. [1] [4]
Data from [3] The History of Soviet Aircraft from 1918
General characteristics
Performance
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