The Yangkaal, also spelt Yanggal, are an Aboriginal Australian people of area of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the state of Queensland.
Gananggalinda is a variant name of the same group. [1]
The Yangkaal language was also known as Yanggaralda, [2] Janggal, Gananggalinda, Nemarang, and other names. [3] Geoffrey O'Grady grouped it as a variety of Yukulta within the Tangkic language family. [a] The implication was that "Yanggal" was simply an alternative name for "Njangga", which is an alternative ethnonym for the Yanyula (Yanyuwa), from which the word Yanggal may have derived. [5]
The Yangkaal work over 300 square miles (780 km2) of land, both on Forsyth Island and the stretch of coastline opposite, on the mainland, running as far west as Cliffdale Creek mainland opposite. Much of the continental coastland used by the Yangkaal was mangrovial.[ citation needed ]
David Horton reported in The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, society and culture that the traditional lands of the Gananggalinda were near Bayley Point and Point Parker on the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Gananggalinda and their neighbours the Yukulta / Ganggalidda have similar culture and language. [6]
The Yangkaal were composed of at least three kin groups:
The Yangkaal eventually moved to Mornington Island, where Arthur Capell briefly interviewed one informant, and obtained information, some of which turned out to be unreliable. He was told that their name for their homeland on Forsyth Island was Nemi, from which he deduced that their language was Nemarang. [7] This misapprehension was corrected by Norman Tindale, who explained that this term was the personal name of a Yangkaal person known on the Mornington Island Mission as Edward Nemie, the latter being a distortion of the missionary's word "name". [2] [b]
Norman Barnett Tindale AO was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. He is best remembered for his work mapping the various tribal groupings of Aboriginal Australians at the time of European settlement, shown in his map published in 1940. This map provided the basis of a map published by David Horton in 1996 and widely used in its online form today. Tindale's major work was Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits and Proper Names (1974).
The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia.
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The Shire of Mornington is a local government area in northwestern Queensland, Australia. The shire covers the Wellesley Islands, which includes Mornington Island; the South Wellesley Islands; Bountiful Islands; and West Wellesley / Forsyth Islands groups in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
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The Yukulta language, also spelt Yugulda, Yokula, Yukala, Jugula, and Jakula, and also known as Ganggalidda, is a Tangkic language spoken in Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia. It was spoken by the Yukulta people, whose traditional lands lie on the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
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The Lardil people, who prefer to be known as Kunhanaamendaa, are an Aboriginal Australian people and the traditional custodians of Mornington Island in the Wellesley Islands chain in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland.
The Kaiadilt are an Aboriginal Australian people of the South Wellesley group in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia. They are native to Bentinck Island, but also made nomadic fishing and hunting forays to both Sweers and Allen Islands. Most Kaiadilt people now live on Mornington Island.
The Nguburinji people, also written Ngoborindi, Oborindi and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in northwest Queensland.
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The Yanga people, also spelt Jangaa, Janggal, Janga, and Yangaa, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. They may be the same as the Yukulta / Ganggalida / Nyangga group. They are not to be confused with the Yangga.
The Yukulta people, also spelt Jokula, Jukula, and other variants, and also known as Ganggalidda or Gangalidda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland.