Yara Haridy

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Yara Haridy is an Egyptian-Canadian paleontologist and scientific communicator who specializes in the use of advanced analytical methods to study the evolution of bone and related skeletal tissues.

Contents

Biography

Haridy was born in Morocco and lived in Egypt until her family moved to Canada when she was 12 years old. [1] She obtained her B.Sc. in biology from the University of Toronto in 2016, where she originally intended to pursue the pre-medicine track en route to a medical career, followed by her M.Sc. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology obtained from the University of Toronto in 2018, where she studied the evolution of acrodonty in reptiles. [2] She obtained her Ph.D. from Humboldt University of Berlin and the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin under the supervision of Florian Witzmann and Nadia Fröbisch in 2021.

Academic contributions

Haridy's research primarily focuses on the evolution of bone and other skeletal tissues. [3] She has extensive experience studying the evolution of different forms of dentition and tooth replacement, primarily in extinct and extant reptiles, as well as paleopathologies. Her research methods include bone histology, computed tomography (CT), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Some of her most notable work includes the identification of the earliest occurrence of a viral-induced metabolic disease (Paget's disease), [4] the earliest occurrence of bone cancer (osteosarcoma) in an amniote (in the stem turtle Pappochelys ), [5] and the morphological characterization of osteocytes in early fish that could be linked to physiological advantages of osteocytes that led to the modern-day prevalence of osteocytic bone among vertebrates. [6] Her work has been published in several leading international scientific journals, including Biology Letters, [7] Scientific Reports, [8] Systematic Biology, [9] Science Advances, [6] and JAMA Oncology, [5] with over 140 citations to date, [10] and has received extensive media coverage, including from international outlets such as National Geographic, [11] the New York Times, [12] the Smithsonian Magazine, [13] Science Magazine, [14] the Toronto Star, [15] and Newsweek. [16]

Outreach and scientific communication

Haridy is an active scientific communicator who engages primarily through Twitter, where she has more than 21,000 followers and has created several viral hashtags related to her research, including #GuessTheSkull and #SerialKillerOrScientist, which have drawn media coverage. [17] [18] Among her ongoing projects is the development of a Velociraptor puppet through a Palaeontological Association Engagement Grant. [19] [20] She has been featured on a number of popular podcasts, including See Jurassic Right, [21] The Purrrcast, [22] and NPR's Short Wave [23] and is active in public outreach events, including Soapbox Science [24] and Skype a Scientist. [25] [26] She is also a vocal advocate for improving equity in international scientific research through increased local collaboration and support of development of natural history infrastructure in non-western countries. [27] [28]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bone</span> Rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osteocyte</span> Mature osteoblasts which helps in communication between cells and also in molecular synthesis

An osteocyte, an oblate shaped type of bone cell with dendritic processes, is the most commonly found cell in mature bone. It can live as long as the organism itself. The adult human body has about 42 billion of them. Osteocytes do not divide and have an average half life of 25 years. They are derived from osteoprogenitor cells, some of which differentiate into active osteoblasts. Osteoblasts/osteocytes develop in mesenchyme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Archosauromorpha</span> Infraclass of reptiles

Archosauromorpha is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all reptiles more closely related to archosaurs rather than lepidosaurs. Archosauromorphs first appeared during the late Middle Permian or Late Permian, though they became much more common and diverse during the Triassic period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haversian canal</span> Series of microscopic tubes in the cortical bone

Haversian canals are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodiapsida</span> Clade of reptiles

Neodiapsida is a clade, or major branch, of the reptilian family tree, typically defined as including all diapsids apart from some early primitive types known as the araeoscelidians. Modern reptiles and birds belong to the neodiapsid subclade Sauria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pareiasauria</span> Extinct clade of reptiles

Pareiasaurs are an extinct clade of large, herbivorous parareptiles. Members of the group were armoured with osteoderms which covered large areas of the body. They first appeared in southern Pangea during the Middle Permian, before becoming globally distributed during the Late Permian. Pareiasaurs were the largest reptiles of the Permian, reaching sizes equivalent to those of contemporary therapsids. Pareiasaurs became extinct at the end of the Permian during the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Temnospondyli</span> Ancestors of modern amphibians adapted to life on land

Temnospondyli or temnospondyls is a diverse ancient order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods, with fossils being found on every continent. A few species continued into the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods, but all had gone extinct by the Late Cretaceous. During about 210 million years of evolutionary history, they adapted to a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments. Their life history is well understood, with fossils known from the larval stage, metamorphosis and maturity. Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed. These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted to life on land. Although temnospondyls are amphibians, many had characteristics such as scales and armour-like bony plates that distinguish them from the modern soft-bodied lissamphibians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captorhinidae</span> Extinct family of reptiles

Captorhinidae is an extinct family of tetrapods, typically considered primitive reptiles, known from the late Carboniferous to the Late Permian. They had a cosmopolitan distribution across Pangea.

<i>Dysalotosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Dysalotosaurus is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It was a dryosaurid iguanodontian, and its fossils have been found in late Kimmeridgian-age rocks of the Tendaguru Formation of Lindi Region in Tanzania. The type and only species of the genus is D. lettowvorbecki. This species was named by Hans Virchow in 1919 in honor of the Imperial German Army Officer, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. For much of the 20th century the species was referred to the related and approximately contemporary genus Dryosaurus, but newer studies reject this synonymy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parareptilia</span> Subclass of reptiles

Parareptilia ("near-reptiles") is a subclass or clade of basal sauropsids/reptiles, typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia. Parareptiles first arose near the end of the Carboniferous period and achieved their highest diversity during the Permian period. Several ecological innovations were first accomplished by parareptiles among reptiles. These include the first reptiles to return to marine ecosystems (mesosaurs), the first bipedal reptiles, the first reptiles with advanced hearing systems, and the first large herbivorous reptiles. The only parareptiles to survive into the Triassic period were the procolophonoids, a group of small generalists, omnivores, and herbivores. The largest family of procolophonoids, the procolophonids, rediversified in the Triassic, but subsequently declined and became extinct by the end of the period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eva Nogales</span> Biophysicist, professor

Eva Nogales is a Spanish-American biophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where she served as head of the Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology of the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (2015–2020). She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.

<i>Weigeltisaurus</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Weigeltisaurus is an extinct genus of weigeltisaurid reptile from the Late Permian Kupferschiefer of Germany and Marl Slate of England. It has a single species, originally named as Palaechamaeleo jaekeli in 1930 and later assigned the name Weigeltisaurus jaekeli in 1939, when it was revealed that Palaeochamaeleo was a preoccupied name. A 1987 review by Evans and Haubold later lumped Weigeltisaurus jaekeli under Coelurosauravus as a second species of that genus. A 2015 reassessment of skull morphology study substantiated the validity of Weigeltisaurus and subsequent authors have used this genus. Like other Weigeltisaurids, they possessed long rod-like bones that radiated from the trunk that were likely used to support membranes used for gliding, similar to extant Draco lizards.

<i>Microleter</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Microleter is an extinct genus of basal procolophonomorph parareptiles which lived in Oklahoma during the Early Permian period. The type and only known species is Microleter mckinzieorum. Microleter is one of several parareptile taxa described from the Richards Spur fissure fills, and can be characterized from its high tooth count, lacrimal/narial contact, short postfrontal, and slit-like temporal emargination edged by the postorbital, jugal, squamosal, and quadratojugal. Contrary to Australothyris, which had a similar phylogenetic position as a basal procolophonomorph, Microleter suggests that early parareptile evolution occurred in Laurasia and that multiple lineages developed openings or emarginations in the temporal region.

Laurie Hollis Glimcher is an American physician-scientist who was appointed president and CEO of Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in October 2016. She was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.

<i>Euconcordia</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Euconcordia is an extinct genus of Late Carboniferous captorhinid known from Greenwood County, Kansas of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erfurt Formation</span>

The Erfurt Formation, also known as the Lower Keuper, is a stratigraphic formation of the Keuper group and the Germanic Trias supergroup. It was deposited during the Ladinian stage of the Triassic period. It lies above the Upper Muschelkalk and below the Middle Keuper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pantestudines</span> Clade of reptiles

Pantestudines or Pan-Testudines is the group of all reptiles more closely related to turtles than to any other living animal. It includes both modern turtles and all of their extinct relatives. Pantestudines with a complete shell are placed in the clade Testudinata.

Nadia Belinda Fröbisch is a German vertebrate paleontologist and developmental biologist who specializes in the evolution and development of amphibians. She is currently a professor at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin in the Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity.

Lynda Bonewald is a professor of anatomy, cell biology, physiology, and orthopaedic surgery and the founding director of the Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health (ICMH) at the Indiana University School of Medicine. She studies bone and the musculoskeletal system. She has served as president of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (1999-2000).

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2016 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2016.

References

  1. ↑ "Yara Haridy: The time traveler". Museum für Naturkunde. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  2. ↑ Haridy, Yara (2018). Assessing Acrodont Dentition in Reptilia, with Special Attention to Replacement and Wear Adaptations. University of Toronto.
  3. ↑ "YARA HARIDY". YARA HARIDY. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  4. ↑ Haridy, Yara; Witzmann, Florian; Asbach, Patrick; Reisz, Robert R. (2019-08-07). "Permian metabolic bone disease revealed by micro CT: Paget's disease-like pathology in vertebrae of an early amniote". PLOS ONE. 14 (8): e0219662. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219662 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6685605 . PMID   31390345.
  5. 1 2 Haridy, Yara; Witzmann, Florian; Asbach, Patrick; Schoch, Rainer R.; Fröbisch, Nadia; Rothschild, Bruce M. (2019-03-01). "Triassic Cancer—Osteosarcoma in a 240-Million-Year-Old Stem-Turtle". JAMA Oncology. 5 (3): 425–426. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.6766. ISSN   2374-2437. PMC   6439844 . PMID   30730547.
  6. 1 2 Haridy, Yara; Osenberg, Markus; Hilger, André; Manke, Ingo; Davesne, Donald; Witzmann, Florian (2021-04-02). "Bone metabolism and evolutionary origin of osteocytes: Novel application of FIB-SEM tomography". Science Advances. 7 (14): eabb9113. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9113. ISSN   2375-2548. PMC   8011976 . PMID   33789889.
  7. ↑ Haridy, Yara; Gee, Bryan M.; Witzmann, Florian; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2019-09-27). "Retention of fish-like odontode overgrowth in Permian tetrapod dentition supports outside-in theory of tooth origins". Biology Letters. 15 (9): 20190514. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0514. PMC   6769137 . PMID   31506034.
  8. ↑ LeBlanc, A. R. H.; MacDougall, M. J.; Haridy, Y.; Scott, D.; Reisz, R. R. (2018-03-05). "Caudal autotomy as anti-predatory behavior in Palaeozoic reptiles". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 3328. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21526-3. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   5838224 . PMID   29507301.
  9. ↑ Brocklehurst, Neil; Haridy, Yara (2021-06-16). "Do Meristic Characters Used in Phylogenetic Analysis Evolve in an Ordered Manner?". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 707–718. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa078. ISSN   1063-5157. PMID   33104202.
  10. ↑ "Yara Haridy". scholar.google.de. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  11. ↑ Black, Riley (2021-03-31). "Bones evolved to act like batteries, 400-million-year-old fish suggest". National Geographic. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  12. ↑ Elbein, Asher (2019-02-07). "The Patient Had Bone Cancer. The Diagnosis Arrived 240 Million Years Too Late". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  13. ↑ Katz, Brigit. "What This Prehistoric Turtle's Tumor Tells Scientists About Modern Cancer". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  14. ↑ "Deadly human bone cancer found in 240-million-year-old turtle". www.science.org. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  15. ↑ McQuigge, Michelle (2017-09-15). "Prehistoric frogs were predators with fangs, U of T researchers find". The Toronto Star. ISSN   0319-0781 . Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  16. ↑ Pereira, Sydney (2018-03-07). "This tiny ancient reptile from 289 million years ago had a special trait that helped it escape meat-eating predators". Newsweek. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  17. ↑ "Scientist or serial killer? Our favorite tweets exploring the strange overlap". www.advisory.com. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  18. ↑ Heyman, Taylor (2018-06-18). "Serial killer or scientist? These tweets will leave you guessing". independent. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  19. ↑ "Sci.Comm". YARA HARIDY. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  20. ↑ "The Palaeontology Newsletter, Issue 104" (PDF). The Palaeontology Newsletter. Palaeontological Association. 104: 1–128.
  21. ↑ "See Jurassic Right: Back to School with: Vertebrate Paleontologist Yara Haridy (#GuessTheSkull) on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  22. ↑ "The Purrrcast: 275 - Yara Haridy - Kitty Passport on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  23. ↑ "Taking A New Look At Some Old Bones". www.wbur.org. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  24. ↑ "Soapbox Science 2019 Berlin". SoapboxScience. 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  25. ↑ "Skype a Scientist Live: Dinosaur Diseases with Yara Haridy". New York Space Grant Consortium. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  26. ↑ Dinosaur Diseases with Yara Haridy , retrieved 2022-02-09
  27. ↑ Elbein, Asher (2021-03-22). "Decolonizing the Hunt for Dinosaurs and Other Fossils". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  28. ↑ Keim, Curtis; Somerville, Carolyn (2021-11-11). Mistaking Africa. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003172024. ISBN   978-1-003-17202-4. S2CID   244065772.
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