이의방"},"office":{"wt":"[[Military Leader of Goryeo]]"},"term_start":{"wt":"1170"},"term_end":{"wt":"1175"},"predecessor":{"wt":"Position established"},"successor":{"wt":"[[Chŏng Chung-bu]]"},"birth_date":{"wt":"1121"},"death_date":{"wt":"1175"},"spouse":{"wt":"Lady Jo"},"children":{"wt":"[[Queen Sapyeong]] (daughter)"},"father":{"wt":"Yi Yong-bu"},"mother":{"wt":"Lady Yi"},"monarch":{"wt":"[[Uijong of Goryeo|King Uijong]]
[[Myeongjong of Goryeo|King Myeongjong]]"},"module":{"wt":"{{Infobox Korean name\n| hangul = 이의방\n| hanja = 李義方\n|rr=I Uibang\n|mr=I Ŭibang\n|child=yes\n}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwCA">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}
Yi Ŭi-bang 이의방 | |
---|---|
Military Leader of Goryeo | |
In office 1170–1175 | |
Monarchs | King Uijong King Myeongjong |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Chŏng Chung-bu |
Personal details | |
Born | 1121 |
Died | 1175 |
Spouse | Lady Jo |
Children | Queen Sapyeong (daughter) |
Parents | |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 이의방 |
Hanja | 李義方 |
Revised Romanization | I Uibang |
McCune–Reischauer | I Ŭibang |
Yi Ŭi-bang (Korean : 이의방; Hanja : 李義方; 1121 – 12 January 1175) was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period. [1] He was one of many military dictators of Goryeo in the aftermath of the 1170 warrior rebellion.
Yi originated from the Jeonju Yi clan. He subsequently joined the military and rose in ranks, becoming a minister in the scholar dominated government.
In August 1170 (Uijong 24th year), he joined the Goryeo warrior rebellion, which occurred in defiance against the typically minister ruled Korea. Primary leaders of this rebellion was Chŏng Chung-bu and Yi Ko who found that warrior-class treatment was truly unfair and planned a coup d'état to establish a warrior government. [2]
The King of Goryeo, Uijong was soon disposed and the new warrior-class ministers set up a puppet king Myeongjong. Yi was named as one of the key figures in the new regime with the title of High Merit Minister (Hanja : 壁上功臣 ) and given special privileges along with the other ministers. When Yi Ko tried to plot a coup and get hold of a dictatorship in 1171, Yi, under the orders of Chŏng Chung-bu purged and murdered Yi Ko.
With Chong, Yi increased the size and power of the military and attracted military-class administrators to the regime and appointed these men to national offices which were previously reserved for scholar-class ministers. In 1173, when a scholar-class minister Kim Po-dang (김보당;金甫當) attempted to restore disposed king Uijong to the throne, Yi decisively slew the former king, preventing any further restoration attempts. With this merit, he was further promoted to Commander of Land Troops.
During his co-governance with Chŏng, Yi also faced a series of Buddhist Monk uprisings from different shrines around the nation. As Goryeo was officially a Buddhist nation since Wang Kŏn's unification of Korea, the Buddhists had great influence upon the government and most Goryeo kings appointed official Buddhist Great Monk advisors to assist in national administration. Due to the increasing Buddhist uprisings, Yi himself commanded his forces to put down these rebellions and raid Buddhist shrines. With his powerful forces, he swept the nation and raided and pillaged these shrines.
At this time, Cho Wi-ch'ong (조위총;趙位寵), a general of the North-Western border attempted to start a rebellion. Yi responded by murdering favorers of this rebellion such as Yun In-mi (윤인미;尹仁美), who was of Seogyung birth. Due to this action, Yi lost support and favors from the people, and when he attempted to put down this rebellion, he failed.
Yi, attempting to put down Chŏng and gain more power, tried to appoint his daughter as Royal Princess consort, an action which did not fulfill his objective but instead further endangered Yi's political situation. Due to this action, the 2nd Jo Invasion force, led by ChŏKyŏng Tae-sŭng took power.
General Yi Ŭi-bang's main legacy remains in the balance that was achieved through the purging of scholars during his co-governance with Chong. Before the arrival of Yi, the scholar class had more influence in the government to the extent that the warrior-class was greatly mistreated. With the changing of kings and shifting of power from scholar-class to warrior-class, Goryeo faced a new era. A final and very important legacy is his connection with the founder of the Joseon Dynasty, Yi Sŏng-gye. Yi Ŭi-bang's younger brother Yi In was a 6th generation ancestor of Yi Sŏng-gye, thus connecting Yi Ŭi-bang and Yi Sŏng-gye together.
Chŏng Mong-ju, also known by his art name P'oŭn (포은), was a Korean statesman, diplomat, philosopher, poet, calligrapher and reformist of the Goryeo period. He was a major figure of opposition to the transition from the Goryeo (918–1392) to Joseon (1392–1897) periods.
Ch'oe Yŏng, also romanized as Choi Young, was a Korean general born in Hongseong or Cheorwon during the Goryeo period. He became a national hero after he put down Cho Il-sin's Rebellion. He also participated in the Red Turban Rebellions and later allied with the Ming dynasty to overthrow the Mongol Yuan dynasty. In his final years, General Ch'oe was betrayed and executed by his former subordinate Yi Sŏng-gye, who founded the Joseon dynasty of Korea, bringing an end to the Goryeo period.
Chŏng Tojŏn, also known by his art name Sambong (삼봉), was a prominent Korean scholar-official during the late Goryeo to the early Joseon periods. He served as the first Chief State Councillor of Joseon, from 1392 until 1398 when he was killed by the Joseon prince Yi Pang-wŏn. Chŏng Tojŏn was an adviser to the Joseon founder Yi Sŏng-gye and also the principal architect of the Joseon dynasty's policies, laying down the kingdom's ideological, institutional, and legal frameworks which would govern it for five centuries.
Myeongjong, personal name Wang Ho, was the 19th king of Korea's Goryeo dynasty. He was the third son of King Injong. His reign marked the beginning of the century-long military rule of Korea known as the Goryeo military regime.
Uijong, personal name Wang Hyŏn, was the 18th king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.
Chŏng Chung-bu was a medieval Korean soldier and military dictator during the Goryeo period (918–1392). He was a career soldier, qualified on military part of civil service examination. He was most noted for leading a coup d'état in 1170, dethroning the king and beginning of 100-year military reign in Korea.
Yi Saek, also known by his art name Mogŭn (목은), was a Korean writer and poet. His family belonged to the Hansan Yi clan. Yi Saek played a crucial role in the introduction and localisation of philosophy of Zhu Xi. He studied Neo-Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty China and opened an academy after his return to Goryeo, and from his academy the founders of Joseon Dynasty were educated.
Dobang (都房), also written as Tobang, was a Goryeo Dynasty private military unit that originated as the personal body guard for Kyong Tae-sung. After the military revolt of the generals in 1170 during the reign of King Uijong of Goryeo, a series of generals culminating in the Ch'oe military dictators, held the real power in Goryeo. In their first year, General Yi Ko was murdered by General Yi Ui-bang who subsequently died at the hands of Chŏng Kyun (정균).
Kyŏng Tae-sŭng was the third of many military dictators who ruled during the late period of the Goryeo. Unlike his predecessors, General Kyŏng was determined to fix Goryeo's problems and help the people prosper. His popularity with the people aroused the jealousy of King Myeongjong of Goryeo. His military dictatorship over Goryeo signified a brief period of peace within the war-ravaged kingdom.
The Goryeo military regime refers to a period in Goryeo history when military generals wielded considerable power, overshadowing royal authority and disrupting Goryeo's system of civilian supremacy and severe discrimination against military personnel. It spanned roughly 100 years from a coup d'état in 1170 to the Sambyeolcho Rebellion of 1270. The military's despotic rule ended with Goryeo's vassalization by the Yuan dynasty.
Yi Ko (?–1171) was a military ruler in Korea. He, with many other military colonels, overthrew King Uijong in the year 1170. After the successful coup, he was rewarded with title of Minister of the Palace Guards and Grand General. When he proceeded to plan a revolt against his former collaborators, he was murdered by Yi Ui-bang.
Yi Ŭi-min was a military general who dominated the Goryeo government prior to the Mongol Invasions. When his rival, Commander Kyŏng Tae-sŭng, died, Yi Ŭi-min rose to power in the supreme military council, Jungbang. His tyranny came to an end in 1196 on the 7th day of the 4th lunar month when he was assassinated by General Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn.
Queen Gongye of the Jangheung Im clan was a Korean queen consort as the 3rd wife of King Injong of Goryeo. As his favourite and beloved wife, she was the mother of his three successors and most of his children.
The Jeonju Yi clan is a Korean clan with the surname Yi. Their bon-gwan is in Jeonju, North Jeolla Province. The clan includes the House of Yi that led Joseon and the Korean Empire.
Age of Warriors is a South Korean historical television series. It aired on KBS1 from February 8, 2003, to August 15, 2004, every Saturday and Sunday at 21:45 (KST) for 158 episodes. It's KBS' third histocal series set in Goryeo after Taejo Wang Geon and The Dawn of the Empire, and the largest TV production of the time, with over 130 major actors and a total production cost of 30 billion won.
Queen Sapyeong of the Jeonju Yi clan was the first and primary wife of King Gangjong of Goryeo when he was still a crown prince who just reigned for 9 months. Descended from Yi Yong-bu, she would become the first cousin fifth removed to Yi Seonggye and only royal wife in Korean history who was born and came from the Jeonju Yi clan.
Yi Hwa (1348–1408) or Grand Prince Uian, was a warrior and scholar in the late Goryeo period who became part of the early Joseon dynasty royal family as the fourth son of Yi Cha-ch'un, making him a younger half-brother to Yi Sŏng-gye, its founder.
Crown Prince Hyoryeong, personal name Wang Ki was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the first and oldest son of King Uijong and Queen Janggyeong who was later deposed from his position alongside his father by Chŏng Chung-bu and Yi Ŭi-bang in 1170.
Marquess Daeryeong, personal name Wang Kyŏng was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the second son of King Injong and Queen Gongye, also the older brother of Myeongjong and Sinjong. His mother always preferred him and wanted to pass the crown prince title to him instead of his brothers, but his father never agreed to it. Due to this, he had conflicts with King Uijong after his ascension.