"},"birth_place":{"wt":"[[Xiangcheng City|Xiangcheng]],[[Henan]]"},"death_date":{"wt":"204"},"death_place":{"wt":"[[Handan]],[[Hebei]]"},"relations":{"wt":"{{unbulleted list|Ying Xun (應珣;younger brother)|[[Ying Yang (scholar)|Ying Yang]] (應瑒;There are two pronunciations of the character \"瑒\":\"chàng\"and \"yáng\".nephew)|[[Ying Qu (Three Kingdoms)|Ying Qu]] (應璩;190[[Zhu Jianping]]'s biography in vol. 29 of ''Sanguozhi'' recorded that Ying Qu was 63 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died.–252;\"《文章叙錄》曰:璩字休運...嘉平四年卒\". ''Wenzhang Xulu'',cited in{{harvnb|Chen and Pei|429|loc={{strong|21}}.604 n. 1}}.nephew and younger brother of Ying Yang)|Ying Zhen (應貞;died 269;grandnephew and son of Ying Qu)(应贞,字吉甫,汝南南顿人,魏侍中璩之子也。....泰始五年卒,....。) ''Jin Shu'',vol.92|Ying Chun (應純;grandnephew and younger brother of Ying Zhen)(弟純。) ''Jin Shu'',vol.92}}[[Sima Biao]],{{harvnb|''Xu Hanshu''}}:\"劭又著中漢輯敘、漢官儀及禮儀故事,凡十一種,百三十六卷。朝廷制度,百官儀式,所以不亡者,由劭記之。官至泰山太守。劭弟珣,字季瑜,司空掾,即瑒之父。\"Cited in{{harvnb|Chen and Pei|429|loc={{strong|21}}.601 n.1}}.{{harvnb|Chen and Pei|429|loc={{strong|21}}.604}}:\"瑒弟璩,璩子貞\""},"father":{"wt":"[[Ying Feng]] (應奉)Hua Jiao,{{harvnb|''Hanhou shu''}}:\"瑒祖奉,字世叔。才敏善諷誦,故世稱「應世叔讀書,五行俱下」。著後序十餘篇,爲世儒者。延熹中,至司隷校尉。子劭字仲遠{{sic}},亦博學多識,尤好事。諸所撰述風俗通等,凡百餘篇,辭雖不典,世服其博聞。\"Cited in{{harvnb|Chen and Pei|429|loc={{strong|21}}.601 n.1}}."},"children":{"wt":""},"occupation":{"wt":"Politician,writer,historian"},"blank1":{"wt":"[[Courtesy name]]"},"data1":{"wt":"Zhongyuan (仲瑗)
also spelt 仲援or 仲遠{{cite book|last=de Crespigny|first=Rafe|author-link=Rafe de Crespigny|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms{{nowrap|23–220 AD}}|date=2007|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=9789047411840 | page=987 | entry=Ying Shao 應劭[Zhongyuan 仲瑗/仲遠/仲援] | series= Handbook of Oriental Studies,section four:China,vol. 19 | doi= 10.1163/ej.9789004156050.i-1311.7}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBA">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}
Ying Shao | |
---|---|
應劭 | |
Colonel who Advises the Army (軍謀校尉) (under Yuan Shao) | |
In office ? –203 | |
Administrator of Taishan (泰山太守) | |
In office 189 –194 [1] | |
Monarchs | Emperor Ling of Han / Emperor Xian of Han |
Registrar of Runan (汝南主簿) | |
In office 177 –184 | |
Monarch | Emperor Ling of Han |
Gentleman Official (郎官) | |
In office 173 –177 | |
Monarch | Emperor Ling of Han |
Managing Military Scribe (御史營令) | |
In office ? –? | |
Monarch | Emperor Ling of Han |
Prefect of Xiao (County) (蕭令) | |
In office 178 –? | |
Monarch | Emperor Ling of Han |
Personal details | |
Born | c.144 [2] Xiangcheng,Henan |
Died | 204 [2] Handan,Hebei |
Relations | |
Parent | |
Occupation | Politician, writer, historian |
Courtesy name | Zhongyuan (仲瑗) also spelt 仲援 or 仲遠 [11] |
Ying Shao (c.144–204), [2] courtesy name Zhongyuan, was a Chinese politician, writer and historian who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He was an author of the Fengsu Tongyi , an encyclopedic work about the folk customs and legends that existed in the Eastern Han dynasty. Ying Shao occupied official posts in the Han government, [12] and in his official position he was an active participant in imperial politics. He was a long-time close associate of Cao Cao; he was extensively covered in the historical text Book of the Later Han . [13]
Ying Shao was from Nandun County (南頓縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), which is located west of present-day Xiangcheng, Henan. He was nominated as a xiaolian during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, and later served as a minor official under He Miao, Empress He's half-brother [14] From 189 [15] to 194, Ying Shao served as the Administrator of Taishan Commandery in Xu Province. In c.December 191, he repelled an attack on his commandery by the remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels, recorded in the Book of the Later Han. [16] In 193 and 194, the warlord Cao Cao attacked Xu Province to seek vengeance for the murder of his father Cao Song. Thus, Ying Shao fled from Taishan Commandery and took refuge under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao. By the time Cao Cao defeated the Yuan family and conquered the Hebei region, Ying Shao was already dead. The interim events are given in two versions in Pei Songzhi's annotations to the Records of the Three Kingdoms , the Wei Jin Shiyu (魏晉世語) by Guo Song (郭頒), and Wei Zhao's Book of Wu (吳書). Ying Shao eventually died in Ye city. [17]
Cao Cao, courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty, ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei (220–265), established by his son and successor Cao Pi, who ended the Eastern Han dynasty and inaugurated the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Beginning in his own lifetime, a corpus of legends developed around Cao Cao which built upon his talent, his cruelty, and his perceived eccentricities.
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, alternatively translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt during the late Eastern Han dynasty of ancient China. The uprising broke out in 184 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ling. Although the main rebellion was suppressed by 185 CE, it took 21 years for full suppression of resistant areas and emerging rebellions by 205 CE. The weakening of the imperial court and the rising political influence of ultra-autonomous regional military-governors, who helped suppress the rebellion, eventually led to rampant warlord dominance and the resultant Three Kingdoms period.
Zhuge Liang, also commonly known by his courtesy name Kongming, was a Chinese statesman, strategist, and inventor who lived through the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. During the Three Kingdoms period, he served as the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu Han (221–263) from its founding in 221 and later as regent from 223 until his death in September or October 234.
Zhuge Jin, courtesy name Ziyu, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Zhuge Jin started his career in the 200s as an official under the warlord Sun Quan, who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. In 215, he served as Sun Quan's representative in a territorial dispute over southern Jing Province between Sun Quan and his ally, Liu Bei. In 219, he joined Sun Quan's general Lü Meng in an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province after Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance. He was subsequently appointed as a general and commandery administrator. Before the Battle of Xiaoting of 221–222, Zhuge Jin attempted to dissuade Liu Bei from going to war with Sun Quan but was unsuccessful. The battle ultimately concluded with victory for Sun Quan's side; both sides made peace later and reestablished an alliance between the Eastern Wu and Shu Han states against their rival state, Cao Wei. From 222 until his death in 241, despite being rather incompetent in military affairs, Zhuge Jin served as one of Eastern Wu's top generals and participated in some battles against Cao Wei forces.
Xun You, courtesy name Gongda, was a statesman who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China and served as an adviser to the warlord Cao Cao. Born in the influential Xun family of Yingchuan Commandery, Xun You was recruited into the civil service by the general He Jin. When the warlord Dong Zhuo hijacked and controlled the Han central government between 189 and 192, Xun You plotted with four others to assassinate him but was discovered and imprisoned. Following his release after Dong Zhuo's death, he wanted to serve as the Administrator of Shu Commandery but eventually settled as an official in Jing Province.
Man Chong, courtesy name Boning, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He is best known for defending the city of Hefei from a series of invasions by Wei's rival state, Eastern Wu, between 230 and 235.
Cao Song, courtesy name Jugao, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the foster son of the eunuch Cao Teng and the father of the warlord Cao Cao, who rose to prominence in the final years of Eastern Han and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Song was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Tai" by his grandson Cao Pi in 220 when the latter ended the Han dynasty and founded the Cao Wei regime.
Yan Jun, courtesy name Mancai, was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Huan Jie, courtesy name Boxu, was a Chinese official who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and served under the warlord Cao Cao. After the fall of the Eastern Han dynasty, he briefly served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.
Chen Gui, courtesy name Hanyu, was a Chinese politician who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Yuan Yi, courtesy name Boye, was an official and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Xu Shao (150–195), courtesy name Zijiang, was a Chinese philosopher and politician who lived in the Eastern Han dynasty.
Lu Kang (126–195), courtesy name Jining, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Sun Shao, courtesy name Changxu, was a Chinese politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He served as the first Imperial Chancellor of Eastern Wu from 222 to 225. He was not related to the imperial family of Eastern Wu even though he shared the same family name as them.
Han Ji, courtesy name Gongzhi, was a Chinese politician who served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Liu Biao and Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Gu Shao, courtesy name Xiaoze, was an official serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Zao Zhi (fl.190s) was an early follower and official of the Chinese warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He would stay loyal when Cao Cao's bas revolt against him and come up with the plan to adopt the tuntian farming system that would be an important part of Cao Cao's rise and the future Wei dynasty.
Xie Cheng (182–254), courtesy name Weiping, was an in-law to the warlord, then Emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan. Xie served in Jing province after Sun Quan's conquests there and was a noted historian whose work is still used.
Du Zhen, courtesy name Chaozong, was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, that succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.
Chang Ji, courtesy name Maotong, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.