Yips

Last updated

In sports, the yips are a sudden and unexplained loss of ability to execute certain skills in experienced athletes. Symptoms of the yips are losing fine motor skills and psychological issues that impact the muscle memory and decision-making of athletes, leaving them unable to perform basic skills of their sport.

Contents

The exact cause of the yips is still not fully understood. A yips episode may last a short time before the athlete regains their abilities or it can require longer term adjustments to technique before recovery occurs. The worst cases are those where the athlete does not recover at all, forcing the player to abandon the sport at the highest level. Causes include but may not be limited to performance anxiety and neurological conditions. [1]

There have been a plethora of treatment options tested to ameliorate the yips, including clinical sport psychology therapy, motor imagery, pre-performance routines, medication, botulinum toxin, acupuncture, and emotional freedom techniques. However, their possible effectiveness is primarily based on personal experience rather than well-founded research evidence.[ citation needed ] Early intervention with a thorough treatment plan is imperative for recovery of athletes with yips. [2]

Brain activity and the yips

A specific 2021 study using EEG recordings to measure found that athletes with the yips showed increased brain activity in the alpha band when initiating movements, especially when increasing force output to match a target. [3] In this particular study, increased brain activity in the alpha and beta bands for the treatment group after the movement compared to the control group, suggested that heightened brain activity might indicate problems with inhibitory systems or increased focus on the body part involved in the task. Further research must be conducted with a larger sample size, more diverse populations, and more than two EEG electrodes in order to further establish the validity of this claim.

In golf

In golf, the yips is a movement disorder known to interfere with putting. The term yips is said to have been popularized by Tommy Armour—a golf champion and later golf teacher—to explain the difficulties that led him to abandon tournament play. [4] In describing the yips, golfers have used terms such as twitches, staggers, jitters and jerks. The yips affects between a quarter and a half of all mature golfers. [5] Researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that 33% to 48% of all serious golfers have experienced the yips. [6] Golfers who have played for more than 25 years appear most prone to the condition. [7]

Although the exact cause of the yips has yet to be determined, one possibility is biochemical changes in the brain that accompany aging. Excessive use of the involved muscles and intense demands of coordination and concentration may exacerbate the problem. Giving up golf for a month sometimes helps. Focal dystonia has been mentioned as another possibility for the cause of yips. [8]

Professional golfers seriously afflicted by the yips include Ernie Els, David Duval, Pádraig Harrington, Bernhard Langer, Ben Hogan, Harry Vardon, Sam Snead, Ian Baker-Finch and Keegan Bradley, who missed a four-foot putt in the final round of the 2013 HP Byron Nelson Championship due to the condition (although he may also have been suffering from strabismus).[ citation needed ] At the 2015 Waste Management Open, golf analyst Nick Faldo suggested that Tiger Woods could be suffering from the yips. Jay Yarow from Business Insider commented after the 2014 Open that Woods had both the putting yips and the driver yips. [9]

Interventions seeking to treat the affliction have been few and far between. Some golfers have tried changing their putter or their grip or even switching hands. However, these strategies have provided only temporary relief.[ citation needed ]

They are also known as "freezing", "the jerks", "the staggers", "the waggles", [10] and "whisky fingers". [11]

In tennis

In tennis, the yips most often affects the (second) serve, leading to multiple double faults. Several top players have been affected by the yips in recent years, most notably Alexander Zverev in 2019, [12] and Aryna Sabalenka in the beginning of 2022. [13] For example, Zverev served a record of 20 double faults in his 2019 Cincinnati Masters first round loss against Miomir Kecmanović, while Sabalenka served up 39 double faults in her two first round losses in the 2022 Adelaide 1 and Adelaide 2 tournaments. From 2005-2008, Guillermo Coria, a former world no.3, suffered from service yips.

In cricket

In cricket, the yips applies mostly to bowlers. [14] The affliction seems to involve bowlers having trouble releasing the ball at the end of their action.[ citation needed ] An example of this was Keith Medlycott, who having reached the England squad was forced to abandon the sport. [15] Another player, Gavin Hamilton, having played a Test as an all-rounder, largely abandoned his right-arm medium pace bowling, following the yips. [16] He did not make another Test appearance, but has enjoyed a One Day International career for Scotland, predominantly as a specialist batsman. Collins Obuya was one of the stars of Kenya's 2003 World Cup—he gained a contract with Warwickshire on the back of it—but after injury he encountered difficulty with his bowling action, later going through a phase of appearing as a specialist batsman in international matches. [17] Other players to have experienced similar problems include Ian Folley of Lancashire, [18] and the West Indies test cricketer Roger Harper. [19]

England cricket team sports psychologist Mark Bawden suffered from the yips himself as a teenager. [20] He completed a PhD on the topic and has published a paper on the yips in the Journal of Sports Sciences. [21]

In baseball

In baseball, the yips usually manifests itself as a sudden inability to throw the baseball accurately. [22] They are more apparent in pitchers and catchers, players who touch the ball the most in the game, though position players have also been subject to the malady.

Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Steve Blass is an example; from 1964 to 1972, he was a dominant pitcher and All-Star; however, beginning in 1973, he suddenly lost his command, issuing 84 walks in 88+2⁄3 innings pitched. [23] He retired in 1974 due to continued loss of his pitching ability.

"Steve Blass disease" has been attributed to talented players—such as New York Yankees second baseman Chuck Knoblauch or Los Angeles Dodgers second baseman Steve Sax—who suddenly lost their ability to throw the ball accurately to the first baseman. Sax's problems began in his 3rd season in the majors, but he continued to play in the league and seemingly recovered by 1989, going on to finish his career in 1994. [24]

New York Mets catcher Mackey Sasser could not throw the ball back to the pitcher without tapping his mitt several times—San Francisco Giants outfielder Brett Butler once stole third base during a Sasser yip. [25] [26] Sasser's problem became worse after a 1990 collision at home plate with Jim Presley of the Atlanta Braves, leading to a decrease in Sasser's playing time, and his release from the Seattle Mariners in 1994. [27]

Mark Wohlers of the Atlanta Braves was called "the 1990s poster child for Steve Blass Syndrome." [28] He recovered enough to return to pitching, but not to previous levels.

Rick Ankiel lost his control as a pitcher during the 2000 National League Championship Series. After several years of deteriorating performance coupled with injuries, he subsequently returned in 2007 as a productive outfielder. [22] [29]

Jon Lester is also said to have suffered the yips on his pickoff attempts to first base. [30] He did not throw to first at all in 2014, and struggled to make accurate throws early in 2015. For the rest of his career, when required to field a hit ball, Lester would run most of the way to 1st base and underhand throw the ball and on longer throws would spike it into the turf to reduce the chances of throwing it past the bag. His team also attempted to compensate for the problem with their catchers throwing 'back picks' to first base as well as the regulation throws to second.

Pittsburgh Pirates minor league pitching prospect Hayden Hurst was so badly affected by the yips that he left baseball and went to the University of South Carolina to play football instead. [31] On April 26, 2018, he was drafted in the first round of the 2018 NFL draft, 25th overall, by the Baltimore Ravens as a tight end.

ESPN featured a story about Luke Hagerty's comeback from the yips in 2019. He never played after being drafted #32 overall by the Chicago Cubs in the 2002 draft. [32]

In gymnastics

In artistic gymnastics, a version of the yips affecting twisting form is known as the "twisties". They refer to a sudden loss of a gymnast's ability to maintain body control during aerial maneuvers. Some gymnasts reference a feeling of disorientation or unawareness of where the ground is. This loss of air awareness increases the chance of a serious or critical injury occurring if the gymnast forgets in the moment how to land the maneuver safely. During the 2020 Olympic qualifications, American gymnast Simone Biles flew out of bounds twice on the floor and failed to stick her landing on the vault. Despite this, she still qualified for the all-around final in first place. During the Olympic events, Biles was unable to complete her skills and popularized the term "twisties," causing her to withdraw from competition after the women's team all-around final. She attributed her loss of air awareness to a mental health condition. Biles returned to perform a downscaled routine in the balance beam final, winning the bronze medal. [33] [34] In 2024 she responded that critics of her 2020 withdrawal had become "silent" after her return and win of three gold medals in the 2024 Summer Olympics. [35]

American gymnasts Laurie Hernandez and Aleah Finnegan both stated that they have experienced a loss of air awareness during their career and spoke out in support of Biles during the games in 2021. [36] Finnegan stated "I cannot imagine the fear of having it happen to you during competition. You have absolutely no control over your body and what it does." [37]

In trampoline gymnastics, the condition is typically referred to as "lost move syndrome". [38] [39] Olympic trampoline gymnast Bryony Page has discussed her personal experience with the condition while preparing to compete in the 2016 Olympics. [40]

In other areas

The yips also affects players in other sports. Examples include Markelle Fultz [41] and Chuck Hayes's respective free throw shots [42] in basketball. In darts, the yips are known as dartitis, with five-time world champion Eric Bristow an example of a sufferer. [43]

In the National Football League (NFL), a normally reliable placekicker who starts struggling is also said to have the yips. Seven-time Pro Bowler Justin Tucker was described by fans and sportswriters as suffering from yips during his 2024 season, after a seemingly inexplicable series of misses leading to a career-low 73.9% field goal rate, despite finishing 12 seasons as among the most accurate kickers in the league. [44] [45] On 12/01/2024, Adam Breneman stated [46] that Ohio State has the yips when they play Michigan.

Stephen Hendry, seven times snooker World Champion, said after his loss to Mark Williams in the 2010 UK Championship that he had been suffering from the yips for ten years, and that the condition had affected his ability to cue through the ball, causing him great difficulty in regaining his old form. [47]

The yips also occur in areas outside of sports, such as with musicians and writers.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Artistic gymnastics</span> Discipline of gymnastics involving forms of performance art

Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines on different types of apparatus. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which assigns the Code of Points used to score performances and regulates all aspects of elite international competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations such as British Gymnastics and USA Gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at many competitions, including the Summer Olympic Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pitcher</span> Player who pitches the ball in baseball

In baseball, the pitcher is the player who throws ("pitches") the baseball from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher to begin each play, with the goal of retiring a batter, who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the pitcher is assigned the number 1. The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game, and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum. There are many different types of pitchers, such as the starting pitcher, relief pitcher, middle reliever, lefty specialist, setup man, and the closer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somersault</span> Acrobatic exercise

A somersault is an acrobatic exercise in which a person's body rotates 360° around a horizontal axis with the feet passing over the head. A somersault can be performed backwards, fowards or sideways and can be executed in the air or on the ground. When performed on the ground, it is typically called a roll.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goalball</span> Team sport designed for athletes with vision impairment


Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. Participants compete in teams of three, and try to throw a ball with bells embedded inside it into the opponents' goal. The ball is thrown by hand and never kicked. Using ear-hand coordination, originating as a rehabilitation exercise, the sport has no able-bodied equivalent. Sighted athletes are also blindfolded when playing this sport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rick Ankiel</span> American baseball player (born 1979)

Richard Alexander Ankiel is an American former professional baseball center fielder and pitcher. He spent most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals, but also played for the Kansas City Royals, Atlanta Braves, Washington Nationals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Blass</span> American baseball player (born 1942)

Stephen Robert Blass is an American retired professional baseball pitcher and television sports color commentator. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1964 and then from 1966 through 1974. Blass was one of the National League's top pitchers between 1968 and 1972, helping the Pirates win four National League Eastern Division titles in five years between 1970 and 1974. He played a key role in the Pirates victory over the Baltimore Orioles in the 1971 World Series when he recorded two complete game victories. He remains the last National League pitcher to throw a complete game in Game Seven of a World Series. After his playing career ended, Blass had a 34-year career as a television sports commentator for Pittsburgh Pirates games.

Mack Daniel Sasser, nicknamed "The Hacker", is an American former professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1987 through 1995 for the San Francisco Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Mets and Seattle Mariners.

Dartitis is a condition which can affect darts players, and severely damage their performance. It can be compared to 'the yips', an expression used to describe apparent loss of fine motor skills without any explanation. The term is used in reference to players who struggle with some kind of psychological problem with their technique and/or release of their darts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fastpitch softball</span> Form of softball

Fastpitch softball, or simply fastpitch, is a form of softball played by both women and men. While the teams are most often segregated by sex, coed fast-pitch leagues also exist. Considered the most competitive form of softball, fastpitch is the format played at the Olympic Games. Softball was on the International Olympic Committee (IOC) program in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slump (sports)</span>

In the realm of sports, a slump is an extended period of poor performance exhibited by a player or team, often characterized by a lack of production compared to their usual standards. Slumps exist in various sports and at all different levels of competition. They are typically characterized by a loss streak, or reduced consistency, though the term is often misused when referring to the natural decline in a player's production at the end of their career. The causes of slumps can vary greatly, though they are generally brought on by physical factors like fatigue and injury, or psychological factors like burnout, pressure, and loss of confidence. Slumps can affect athletes of any skill level, and even some of the greatest athletes of all time have gone through periods of prolonged slumps. Overcoming a slump can often require a combination of technical and psychological adjustments as well as an increase in the athlete's mental fortitude. While slumps can frustrate players and fans, especially if they last more than a few games, they are a natural aspect of any athlete's career.

MyKayla Brooke Skinner Harmer is an American former artistic gymnast. She was the 2020 Olympic vault silver medalist, competing as an individual, and was an alternate for the 2016 Olympic team. Skinner competed at the 2014 World Championships, where she contributed to the U.S. team's gold medal, also winning an individual bronze medal on vault. She won 11 total medals at the USA National Championships during her senior career. She also competed for the University of Utah's gymnastics team and was a two-time NCAA champion while also setting Pac-12 records for conference honors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simone Biles</span> American artistic gymnast (born 1997)

Simone Arianne Biles Owens is an American artistic gymnast. Her 11 Olympic medals and 30 World Championship medals make her the most decorated gymnast in history. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest gymnasts of all time and one of the greatest Olympians of all time. With 11 Olympic medals, she is tied with Věra Čáslavská as the second-most decorated female Olympic gymnast, and has the most Olympic medals earned by a U.S. gymnast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jordan Chiles</span> American artistic gymnast (born 2001)

Jordan Lucella Elizabeth Chiles is an American artistic gymnast. She was a member of the gold medal-winning team at the 2024 Summer Olympics, having previously been a member of the silver medal-winning team at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was also a member of the team that won gold at the 2022 World Championships. Individually, she was the 2022 World vault silver medalist and floor silver medalist. She has been a member of the United States women's national gymnastics team since 2013. In NCAA Gymnastics, Chiles competes for the UCLA Bruins gymnastics team, where she has won two Pac-12 titles and two NCAA championships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States women's national artistic gymnastics team</span> American gymnastics team

The United States women's national artistic gymnastics team represents the United States in FIG international competitions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Final Five (gymnastics)</span> 2016 US Olympic gymnastics team

The Final Five was the United States women's team in artistic gymnastics that won the team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. It was the United States' third gold medal in the event after 2012 and 1996. The five members of the team were Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Laurie Hernandez, Madison Kocian, and Aly Raisman, with MyKayla Skinner, Ragan Smith, and Ashton Locklear serving as the three alternates. After the team event, Biles won a gold medal in the individual all-around event, the vault, and on floor exercise and won a bronze on the balance beam, while Raisman won silver medals in the individual all-around, and on the floor exercise, where she was the defending champion, Hernandez won silver on the balance beam, and Kocian won a silver in the uneven bars. As of 2024, the Final Five is the most decorated American Olympic gymnastics team with nine medals total.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunisa Lee</span> American artistic gymnast (born 2003)

Sunisa "Suni" Lee is an American artistic gymnast. She is the 2020 Olympic all-around gold medalist and uneven bars bronze medalist and the 2024 Olympic all-around and uneven bars bronze medalist. She was the 2019 World Championship silver medalist on the floor and bronze medalist on uneven bars. Lee was a part of the "Golden Girls" that won gold at the 2024 Summer Olympics. She was also a member of the teams that won gold at the 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She is also a two-time U.S. national champion on the uneven bars. In NCAA Gymnastics, she competed for the Auburn Tigers gymnastics team, winning a SEC title on uneven bars and an NCAA championship on balance beam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Owens</span> American football player (born 1995)

Jonathan James Owens is an American professional football safety for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Missouri Western, and signed with the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2018. He has also played for the Houston Texans and Green Bay Packers. He is married to American artistic gymnast Simone Biles.

There are currently five elements in the women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) Code of Points named after American gymnast Simone Biles: two on vault, one on balance beam, and two on floor exercise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Gold Over America Tour</span> Gymnastics-themed touring show

The Gold Over America Tour, also called Athleta Presents Gold Over America Tour, was a 2021 gymnastics-themed touring show headlined by Simone Biles.

The 2024 Gold Over America Tour, also called Athleta Presents the 2024 Gold Over America Tour, was the second gymnastics-themed touring show headlined by American artistic gymnast Simone Biles. It began on September 16, 2024, in Oceanside, California, and concluded on November 3, 2024, in Detroit, Michigan, consisting of 32 arena shows across the United States.

References

  1. ↑ "Yips". Mayo Clinic. March 24, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  2. ↑ Lenka, Abhishek; Jankovic, Joseph (2021-12-21). "Sports-Related Dystonia". Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 11 (1): 54. doi: 10.5334/tohm.670 . ISSN   2160-8288. PMC   8698216 . PMID   35036047.
  3. ↑ Watanabe, Tatsunori; Yoshioka, Kiyoshi; Matsushita, Kojiro; Ishihara, Shin (2021-05-14). "Modulation of sensorimotor cortical oscillations in athletes with yips". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 10376. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1110376W. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89947-1. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   8121935 . PMID   33990687.
  4. ↑ Barkow, A. and Barrett, D. (1997) Golf Legends of All Time. Publications International.
  5. ↑ Smith et al., 2000.
  6. ↑ "Beware of the yips Dreaded golf affliction has no known cure". Oklahoman.com. 2004-07-18. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  7. ↑ Letter, Courtesy of Mayo Clinic Health (16 October 2002). "Yips: More than a putting problem". Tulsa World. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  8. ↑ Farias J. Intertwined. How to induce neuroplasticity. A new approach to rehabilitating dystonias. Galene Editions, 2012.
  9. ↑ Yarow, Jay (2014-07-21). "The Tiger Woods Era Is Over". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  10. ↑ "What are the yips? Experts say it's not just in your head". Golf Digest. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  11. ↑ "The Yips –If You've Had 'Em, You've Got 'Em". Golf Digest. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  12. ↑ "Alexander Zverev holds massive unwanted lead on ATP list that includes Djokovic & Nadal". 5 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "The statistics that defined 2022 - Sabalenka plagued by 428 double-faults but laughs it off and perseveres". 23 December 2022.
  14. ↑ Papineau, David (2015). "Choking and The Yips". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. 14 (2): 295–308, at 305. doi:10.1007/s11097-014-9383-x. ISSN   1568-7759. S2CID   55385847.
  15. ↑ "Keith Medlycott profile and biography" . Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  16. ↑ "Gavin Hamilton | Scotland Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo". Content-uk.cricinfo.com. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
  17. ↑ "Collins Obuya profile and biography" . Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  18. ↑ "Odd men in" . Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  19. ↑ "Roger Harper profile and biography" . Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  20. ↑ "We very rarely talk about winning". Big Picture. Wellcome Trust. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  21. ↑ Bawden, M.; Maynard, I. (December 2001). "Towards an understanding of the personal experience of the 'yips' in cricketers". Journal of Sports Sciences. 19 (12): 937–53. doi:10.1080/026404101317108444. PMID   11820688. S2CID   10662602.
  22. 1 2 Kelly, Matt (October 14, 2020). "Players Who Had the Yips". MLB.com . Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  23. ↑ "The 1973 PIT N Pitching Splits for Steve Blass". Retrosheet . August 23, 1989. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  24. ↑ Meisel, Zack (2013-05-10). "The Yips: Difficult to understand, difficult to cure". MLB.com. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  25. ↑ "Mackey Sasser throwing yips" . Retrieved November 17, 2018– via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  26. ↑ "San Francisco Giants 5, New York Mets 0". Retrosheet . August 23, 1989. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  27. ↑ Goldberg, Alan (31 December 2006). "The Mackey Sasser Story". Competitive Advantage: Mental Toughness. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Wohlers not alone in battles". Augusta Chronicle . Associated Press. July 19, 1998. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  29. ↑ "Ankiel Shows Off His Arm". MLB.com . May 7, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  30. ↑ Apstein, Stephanie (2017-05-17). "How Jon Lester conquered his bout with the yips". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  31. ↑ Pompei, Dan (2018-04-04). "How Hayden Hurst Went from Baseball Flameout to Potential 1st-Round NFL Pick". bleacherreport.com. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  32. ↑ Passan, Jeff (2019-02-04). "Luke Hagerty Improbably Comeback". ESPN. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
  33. ↑ Reeve, Elle (July 28, 2021). "Simone Biles and 'the twisties': How fear affects the mental health and physical safety of gymnasts". CNN. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
  34. ↑ Giambalvo, Emily (28 July 2021). "Simone Biles said she got the 'twisties.' Gymnasts immediately understood". The Washington Post . Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  35. ↑ "Olympics 2024: Simone Biles addresses critics after winning third gold of Paris games - 'they're really quiet now'". Sky News.
  36. ↑ "What are the twisties?". Olympics.com. 28 July 2021.
  37. ↑ "Simone Biles' twisties: mental block which puts gymnasts at serious risk". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  38. ↑ Day, Melissa Catherine; Thatcher, Joanne; Greenlees, Iain; Woods, Bernadette (2006). "The Causes of and Psychological Responses to Lost Move Syndrome in National Level Trampolinists". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 18 (2): 151–166. doi:10.1080/10413200600653782. S2CID   143928074.
  39. ↑ Bennett, J.; Hays, K.; Lindsay, P.; Olusoga, P.; w. Maynard, I. "Yips and lost move syndrome: Exploring psychological symptoms, similarities, and implications for treatment | IJSP Online". International Journal of Sport Psychology. 46 (1): 61–82.
  40. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "The Gymnast who Lost Her Moves – Bryony Page | Against All Odds". YouTube . 21 April 2018.
  41. ↑ Gonzalez, John. "The End of the Affair: Markelle Fultz and the Sixers Are Probably Breaking Up". The Ringer. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  42. ↑ bballvideos (2007-12-21). "Chuck Hayes Ugly Free Throws vs Denver 12/20". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
  43. ↑ "Eric Bristow reveals how he dealt his yips – something all sports stars dread". 17 February 2015.
  44. ↑ Orr, Conor (Dec 1, 2024). "The Ravens Have to Do Something About Their Justin Tucker Problem". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved Dec 3, 2024.
  45. ↑ Kelly, Cathal (Dec 3, 2024). "As Justin Tucker's kicking yips clearly demonstrate, nothing lasts forever". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved Dec 3, 2024.
  46. ↑ "HOW RYAN DAY'S WORST DAY AS OHIO STATE'S COACH HAPPENED". 1 December 2024.
  47. ↑ "BBC Sport – Snooker – Hendry reveals 10-year battle with the 'yips'". BBC News. 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2011-11-29. |
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.