Zazzau | |
|---|---|
 Gate to the palace of the emir of Zazzau | |
 Flag | |
  Zazzau | |
| Coordinates: 11°04′N7°42′E / 11.067°N 7.700°E | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| State | Kaduna State |
| Government | |
| • Type | Monarch |
| • Emir | Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli |
The Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate, is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The current emir of Zazzau is Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli CFR, who succeeded the former emir, late Alhaji Shehu Idris. [1]
The most important source for the early history of Zazzau is a chronicle composed in the early 20th century from an oral tradition. It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda, an Arab adventurer from Baghdad, and gives a list of rulers along with the length of their reigns. According to this chronology, the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century, founded by King Gunguma. [2] This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states. Zazzau's most famous early ruler was Queen (or princess) Amina, who ruled either in the mid-15th or mid-16th centuries, and was held by Muhammed Bello, an early 19th-century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto, to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa. [3]
Zazzau was a collection point for slaves to be delivered to the northern markets of Kano and Katsina, where they were exchanged for salt with traders who carried them north of the Sahara. [4] According to the history in the chronicle, Islam was introduced to the kingdom around 1456, but appears to have spread slowly, and pagan rituals continued until the Fulani conquest of 1808. At several times in its history, Zazzau was subject to neighboring states such as Songhai, Bornu and Kwararafa. [5]
In December 1808 the kingdom was captured in the Fulani jihad. [6] The Hausa (Habe) ruler had escaped to Abuja, where he established a state now known as the Suleja Emirate, retaining his independence and the title of "Sarkin Zazzau". The ruler of the modern Zazzau Emirate also uses the title "Sarkin Zazzau" or "Sarkin Zaria". After the jihad, the culturally similar but pastoral or nomadic Fulani intermarried with the more settled Habe farmers, and the people of the Emirate today are generally known as Hausa–Fulani. The government of the Zaria Emirate differed from other emirates created at this time in that offices were rarely hereditary, but were appointed based on merit or obligation. [5]
Names and Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (1989). [7]
Capitals (c. 1010 – c. 1578): Turunku, Wuciciri, Rikoci, Kawar [8]
| Start | End | Ruler |
|---|---|---|
| c. 1010 | ? | Gunguma |
| ? | ? | Matani (or Matazo) |
| ? | ? | Tumso (or Tumsah) |
| ? | ? | Tamusa |
| ? | ? | Sulimano |
| ? | ? | Nasabo (or Maswaza) |
| ? | ? | Danzaki (or Dinzaki) |
| ? | ? | Saiwago (or Nayoga) |
| ? | ? | Kwasari (or Kauchi) |
| ? | ? | Nwaiku (or Nawainchi) |
| ? | ? | Besekal (or Machikai) |
| ? | ? | Kuna (or Kewo) |
| ? | ? | Bashikarr |
| ? | ? | Maji Dadi (or Majidada) |
| ? | ? | Kirari (or Dihirahi) |
| ? | ? | Jenhako (or Jinjiku) |
| ? | 1505 | Sukana |
| 1505 | 1530 | Rabon Bawa (or Monan Abu) |
| 1530 | 1532 | Gudumua Muska (or Gidan Dan Masukanan) |
| 1532 | 1535 | Tukuariki (or Nohir) |
| 1535 | 1536 | Uwan (or Kawanissa) |
| 1536 | 1539 | Bakwa Turunku (female ruler) |
| 1539 | 1566 | Ibrihimu |
| 1566 | 1576 | Karama |
| 1576 | 1578 | Kafow |
The kingdom's name changed to Zaria at the end of the 16th century. [8]
Capital (c. 1578 – 1835): Zaria (originally founded in 1536 and named after Chief Bakwa's daughter Zaria) [9]
| Start | End | Ruler |
|---|---|---|
| 1578 | 1584 | Ali |
| 1584 | 1597 | Bako Majirua |
| 1597 | 1608 | Bako Su Aliyu |
| 1608 | 1611 | Bako Mahama Gabi (or Gadi) |
| 1611 | 1611 | Bako Hamza (ruled for one day) |
| 1611 | 1618 | Bako Abdu Ashkuku (or Abdaku) |
| 1618 | 1621 | Bako Brima (or Burema) |
| 1621 | 1646 | Bako Ali |
| 1646 | 1647 | Bako Majam Rubu |
| 1647 | 1660 | Bako Brima |
| 1660 | 1670 | Bako Shukunu |
| 1670 | 1678 | Bako Aliyu |
| 1678 | 1682 | Bako Brima Hasko |
| 1682 | 1710 | Bako Mahama Rubo |
| 1710 | 1718 | Bako |
| 1718 | 1727 | Bako Aliyu |
| 1727 | 1736 | Bako Dan Musa |
| 1736 | 1738 | Bako Ishihako (or Ishaq) |
| 1738 | 1750 | Bako Makam Danguma |
| 1750 | 1757 | Bako Ruhawa |
| 1757 | 1758 | Bako Makam Gaba |
| 1758 | 1760 | Bako Mair ari Ashaka Okao |
| 1760 | 1762 | Kao |
| 1762 | 1764 | Bako Bawa |
| 1764 | 1770 | Yonusa |
| 1770 | 1788 | Baba (or Yakuba) |
| 1788 | 1793 | Aliyu |
| 1793 | 1795 | Chikkoku |
| 1795 | 1796 | Mai haman Maigano |
| 1796 | 1802 | Ishihako Jatao (or Ishaq Jatao) |
| 1802 | 1804 | Makkam (or Muhamman Makau) |
The kingdom was taken over by the Fulani Empire in 1804 and became an emirate in 1835. [9] The Hausa rulers went into exile and founded Abuja. [9] The emirate was taken by the British in 1902. [9]
Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate: [6]
| Start | End | Ruler |
|---|---|---|
| 1804 [9] | 17 May 1821 | Malam Musa ibn Suleiman Ibn Muhammad |
| 1804 | 1825 | Muhamman Makau (Hausa ruler in exile) [9] |
| June 1821 | 1834 | Yamusa ibn Mallam Kilba |
| 1825 | 1828 | Abu Ja (Hausa ruler in exile) [9] |
| 1834 | 18 December 1846 | Abd al-Karim ibn Abbas |
| 6 January 1846 | 28 February 1846 | Hammada ibn Yamusa |
| 15 Apr 1846 | Apr 1853 | Muhammad Sani ibn Yamusa |
| Apr 1853 | Dec 1853 | Sidi `Abd al-Qadir ibn Musa |
| Jan 1854 | 5 Aug 1857 | Abd as-Salam ibn Muhammad Ka'i |
| 21 Sep 1857 | Oct/Nov 1871 | Abd Allah ibn Hammada (1st time) |
| 22 Nov 1871 | Jun/Jul 1874 | Abu Bakr ibn Musa (d. 1873) |
| Aug/Sep 1874 | Nov/Dec 1879 | Abd Allah ibn Hammada (2nd time) |
| 26 Dec 1879 | Jan 1888 | Muhammad Sambo ibn Abd al-Karim |
| Jan 1888 | 13 Feb 1897 | Uthman Yero ibn Abd Allah (d. 1897) |
| 17 Apr 1897 | Mar 1902 | Muhammad Lawal Kwassau ibn Uthman Yero |
Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate: [6]
| Start | end; | Rulers |
|---|---|---|
| March 1903 | 8 April 1903 | Sulayman (regent from 11 Sep 1902) |
| 8 April 1903 | 9 November 1920 | Ali ibn Abd al-Qadir (d. 1924) |
| 1920 | 1924 | Dallatu ibn Uthman Yero |
| 1924 | 1936 | Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Lawal Kwassau (b. c.1886 - d. 1936) |
| 1937 | August 1959 | Malam Jafar ibn Ishaq (b. 1891 - d. 1959) |
| September 1959 | 4 February 1975 | Muhammad al-Amin ibn Uthman (b. 1908 - d. 1975) |
| 8 February 1975 | 20 September 2020 | Shehu Idris (b. 1936 - d. 2020) [10] |
| 7 October 2020 | Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli (b. 1966) |
The Jihad of Usman dan Fodio was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students.
Ikara is a town and local government area (LGA) in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria, located around (85km) north-east from the city of Zaria. Ikara as an LGA consists of these towns its located between 10°2¹ to 11°5¹ north and villages: Ikara, Malikachi, Furana, Danlawan, Kurmin Kogi, Janfalan, Auchan, Paki, and Pala.
Kaduna State is a state in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The state capital is its namesake, the city of Kaduna, which was the 8th largest city in the country as of 2006. Created in 1967 as North-Central State, which also encompassed the modern Katsina State, Kaduna State achieved its current borders in 1987. Kaduna State is the fourth largest and third most populous state in the country, Kaduna State is nicknamed the Centre of Learning, owing to the presence of numerous educational institutions of importance within the state such as Ahmadu Bello University.
Zaria is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located at present time within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Suleja is a city in Niger State, Nigeria, just north of Abuja, capital of the Nigeria. It is sometimes confused with the nearby city of Abuja, due to its proximity, and the fact that it was originally called Abuja before the Nigerian government adopted the name from the then Emir Sulayman Bal for its new federal capital in 1976.
The Fulajihads sometimes called the Fulani revolution were a series of jihads that occurred across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fulani people. The jihads and the jihad states came to an end with European colonization.
Shehu Ladan was a Nigerian lawyer, philanthropist and oil and gas management strategist from Kaduna State. Who has contributed to the socio-economic activities of the state and Nigeria at large in different capacities. He was the immediate past Group Managing Director of NNPC in Nigeria.
Lere is a Local Government Area and town in the southern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Lere town is located geographically at the latitude of 10 degrees 39 North and longitude of 8 degrees 57 East. It is the headquarters of the Lere Emirate. The town and its environs have an estimated population of about 553,290 (2016). Lere Local Government has an area of 2,634 km2 and a population of 339,740 at the 2006 census. Its headquarters are in the town of Saminaka. The postal code of the area is 811.
The Suleja Emirate is a Hausa principality in what is now Niger State, Nigeria. The emirate was established as the Abuja Emirate during the 19th century, located just north of the site of the present-day federal capital city named Abuja. When the new city was established, the emirate and its capital were renamed the Suleja Emirate and Suleja. The emirate covers about 1,150 square miles of wooded savanna area. Suleja Emirate, Kontagora Emirate, Borgu Emirate, Agaie Emirate and Kagara Emirate were the major Emirates in Niger state.
The Daura Emirate is a religious and traditional state in Northern Nigeria, the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace. Muhammad Bashar became the emir in 1966, reigning for 41 years until his death in 2007, On 28 February 2007, Umar Faruk Umar became Emir of Daura succeeding Muhammad Bashar.
The Emir of Zazzau, known as Sarkin Zazzau in the Hausa language, is the traditional ruler based in Zaria, which was also known as Zazzau in the past. Although in centuries past, the emirs ruled as absolute monarchs, in the 20th and 21st centuries Nigerian traditional rulers hold little constitutional power, but wield considerable behind-the-scenes influence on the government. The emir's residence is in the historic palace in the town of Zaria.
For the Arab Hutaymi tribe, see Sulluba
Ummarun Dallaje was the 39th Islamic Leader of Katsina, the first Fulani emir, as well as the patriarch of the Dallazawa dynasty. He became Amirul Muminin after the Jihad of Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo, succeeding Magajin Haladu, the last ruler of the centuries-old Habe dynasty, which founded by founded by Muhammadu Korau. Ummaru was succeeded by his son Saddiku.
Ahmed Tijjani Mora (OON) is a Nigerian pharmacist, academic, former Registrar and now Chairman of the Governing Council of Pharmacy Council of Nigeria. He is the National President, Ahmadu Bello University Alumni Association. He was elected President of the Alumni Association in August 2015 at the Annual General Assembly (AGA) of the association. The assembly was attended by delegates from over 25 States. Prior to his election, he was the substantive Deputy National president of the association.
Shehu Idris was a Nigerian teacher who served as the 18th Emir of Zazzau, a Nigerian traditional state headquartered in Zaria. He also served as chairman of Zazzau Emirate Council and Kaduna State Council of Chiefs. A member of the Fula people, he ascended the throne on 8 February 1975 following the demise of Alhaji Muhammadu Aminu, his predecessor. Idris was the longest reigning monarch in the history of the Zazzau emirate, having reigned for 45 years from 1975 to 2020. He was succeeded by Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli as the 19th Emir of Zazzau.
Muhammadu Aminu was the 17th Emir of Zazzau and Chairman of Zazzau Emirate Council. He was succeeded by Alhaji Shehu Idris on February 8, 1975 following his demise.
The Dambazawa are a Fulani clan residing mainly in Kano State, Nigeria. They were among the key promoters, planners and executors of the Fulani Jihad in Kano, which took place between 1804 and 1807 under the leadership of Shehu Usuman dan Fodiyo. The clan was said to be the top financier of the jihad because it was said to be extremely wealthy at the time of the jihad. Other Fulani Clans that participated in the Jihad included: the Jobawa, the Yolawa, the Sullubawa, the Danejawa and others, as well as a contingent of the native Hausa people led by Malam Usuman bahaushe. Together they formed a formidable force and toppled the 158 year Kutumbawa dynasty led by its last ruler Muhammad Alwali dan Yaji dan Dadi bakutumbe who ruled between 1781 and 1806.
Gates of Hausa kingdoms are gates or walls (ganuwa) that formerly enclosed Hausa kingdoms. In ancient times, each kingdom was enclosed with a wall that contained various gates. During battles, the gates were closed as a war strategy. Each gate has a name and a gatekeeper. In the past, especially at night, the gatekeeper was in charge of a single gate at all time. All of the gates are assigned to a single person today.
Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli CFR is a Nigerian lawyer, banker and diplomat. He is the former Nigerian ambassador to Thailand with concurrent accreditation to Myanmar, and the current 19th Fulani Emir of Zazzau, a Nigerian traditional state with headquarters in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. He is the first Emir from the Mallawa ruling house to be enthroned in a century after the dethronement of his grandfather, Emir Alu Dan Sidi in 1920.
Babban Gwani, also known as Mallam Mikhaila, was an influential 19th-century Hausa architect and builder who flourished during the reign of the 61st ruler of Zazzau, Nigeria, Abd al-Karim ɗan Abbas. He was the Sarkin Maigini of his time, appointed by Shehu Usman dan Fodio. This position was passed down to his direct male descendants.