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Not to be confused with Zhang Jun (張俊, 1086–1154), courtesy name "Boying", a Chinese military general and politician who fought during the Jin–Song Wars.
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Zhang rose to hold various important civil and military posts, and was successful on several occasions in checking the incursions of the JurchenJin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars, notably in 1118 and 1126. He was for war and extermination, and would hear of no compromise with these enemies of his country. In reference to his mission of defence of Shaanxi and Sichuan, Zhao Ding (趙鼎) said of him that Zhang had "repaired the heavens and cleansed the sun." He was appointed chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong in 1135, a position he shared with Zhao Ding.[2] In 1137 he fell victim to the intrigues of Qin Hui, whose conciliatory policy he steadily opposed, and was sent to Yongzhou in Hunan. He was then recalled under the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, successor of Gaozong. He was ennobled as Duke.[3] Xiaozong was supportive of Zhang's hawkish stance towards to the Jurchens.[4] In the court of Xiaozong, his political rival was Shi Hao, his former tutor and an opponent of further wars against the Song.[5] Afterwards he rose to the rank of Prince. He was well read, especially in the Classic of Changes, on which he wrote a commentary. Zhang was given the posthumous name Zhōngxiàn (忠献).[6]
Gong, Wei Ai (2009). "The Reign of Hsiao-tsung (1162-1189)". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907-1279. Cambridge University Press. pp.710–755. ISBN978-0-521-81248-1. (hardcover)
Tao, Jing-Shen (2009). "The Move to the South and the Reign of Kao-tsung". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907-1279. Cambridge University Press. pp.556–643. ISBN978-0-521-81248-1. (hardcover)
The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234 founded by Emperor Taizu (first). Because the Wanyan clan that founded the dynasty were of Jurchen descent, it is also sometimes called the Jurchen dynasty or the Jurchen Jin. The empire covered much of Inner Asia and all of present-day North China.
Yue Fei, courtesy name Pengju (鵬舉), was a Chinese military general of the Song dynasty and is remembered as a patriotic national hero, known for leading its forces in the wars in the 12th century between Southern Song and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in northern China. Because of his warlike stance, he was put to death by the Southern Song government in 1142 under a frameup, after a negotiated peace was achieved with the Jin dynasty. Yue Fei is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu by Jin Guliang.
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Emperor Xiaozong of Song, personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He started his reign in 1162 when his adoptive father and predecessor, Emperor Gaozong, abdicated and passed the throne to him. Even though Emperor Gaozong became a Taishang Huang after his abdication, he remained the de facto ruler, so Emperor Xiaozong only took full power in 1187 after Emperor Gaozong's death. After ruling for about a year, Emperor Xiaozong followed in his predecessor's footsteps and abdicated in favour of his third son Zhao Dun, while he became Taishang Huang and still remained in power until his death in 1194.
The Battle of Caishi was a major naval engagement of the Jin–Song Wars of China that took place on November 26–27, 1161. It ended with a decisive Song victory, aided by their use of gunpowder weapons.
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Li Shishi (?-?) was a courtesan(Chinese: 歌妓 / 歌伎; pinyin: Jiǎojì) from Bianjing, the capital of the Song Empire. At the time,courtesan refers to women who engaged in the performing arts for a living, and their scope of work included: singing, dancing, reciting poetry and painting during the Northern Song dynasty. According to Gui Er Ji written by Zhang Duanyi, Emperor Huizong was a regular patron of hers. She fled to Zhejiang or Hunan after the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars occurred in year 1127 AD, as recorded in Mo Man Lu by Zhang Bangji.
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The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan-led Liao dynasty (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing, the Song capital.
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