Type | Public utility |
---|---|
Industry | Energy industry |
Headquarters | Harare, Zimbabwe |
Services | Electricity |
Website | Homepage |
Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority, (ZESA) whose official name is ZESA Holdings (Private) Limited, is a state-owned company whose task is to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity in Zimbabwe. It has organized this task by delegation to its subsidiaries, the energy generating company Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) and the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). Other subsidiaries are the investment branch ZESA Enterprises (ZENT) and internet provider PowerTel Communications (Private) Limited. ZESA is the only electricity generator and supplier for the public grid. For many years the company has failed to produce enough energy to meet demands. ZESA produced an estimated 6.8 billion kWh in 2016, while demand was estimated at 7.118 billion kWh. [1] ZESA represents Zimbabwe in the Southern African Power Pool.
In general the power generation capacity in Zimbabwe is too small to meet demand from the industry and private householdings. Import of electricity from surrounding countries has eased the situation somewhat, but load shedding is used on a routine basis and some rural areas do not have electricity over long periods. Zimbabwe’s difficult economic situation causes part of the problems, as coal for power stations may at times not be produced in sufficient amounts. On the other hand, the economy is hampered by the unforeseeable energy situation. Recently the revival of the economy has increased demand. [2]
ZESA owns the Kariba Power Station together with its Zambian counterpart, ZESCO. The station is part of the Kariba Dam project, damming the Zambezi river. The Zimbawean-owned capacity is said to be around 750 megawatts. ZESA also owns four thermal power stations, of which Hwange Thermal Power Station in the extreme west of the country is by far the largest with a theoretical capacity of about 920 megawatts. The other three at Harare, Bulawayo and Munyati have a nominal capacity of 270 megawatts combined. In the 2010s, the thermal power stations have only been producing small amounts or no electricity due to coal shortages and maintenance neglect. Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) and Namibia's NamPower have in 2009 made agreements to help ZESA to revive the capacity in exchange for power deliveries. [3] Work on Hwange has led to a better situation and the three minor stations were scheduled to be revived in the first quarter of 2011. In December 2015 China agreed to provide a $1.2 billion loan to add 600 megawatts of generating capacity to the Hwange Thermal Power Station. [4]
Besides plans to upgrade both the Hwange plant and the Kariba dam facility, two new plants are projected, however funding is not secured.
The Kariba Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam in the Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The dam stands 128 metres (420 ft) tall and 579 metres (1,900 ft) long. The dam forms Lake Kariba, which extends for 280 kilometres (170 mi) and holds 185 cubic kilometres (150,000,000 acre⋅ft) of water.
A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid.
Kariba is a town in Mashonaland West province, Zimbabwe, located close to the Kariba Dam at the north-eastern end of Lake Kariba, near the Zambian border. According to the 2012 Population Census, the town had a population of 26,451.
Morupule Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Botswana. It is responsible for an estimated 80 percent of the country's domestic power generation.
NamPower, whose full name is Namibia Power Corporation (Pty) is the national electric power utility company of Namibia. The company is responsible for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the country. Its activities are licensed, supervised and regulated by the Electricity Control Board (ECB) of Namibia.
Hwange Colliery Company Limited is the name of a company in Zimbabwe and of its associated coal mining, processing and marketing. It was founded in 1899. Mining operations are located near Hwange in the province of Matabeleland North. The company's headquarters are in Hwange and registered office the capital Harare and a regional office in Bulawayo.Its stock is listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and is a component of its stock index, the Zimbabwe Mining Index. It is also listed on the London Stock Exchange and Johannesburg Stock Exchange.
The Hwange Thermal Power Station is the biggest power plant in Zimbabwe with an installed capacity of 920 MW. It is owned and driven by the national electricity company ZESA Holdings (Pvt) Limited. It was built in two stages and consists of 4 units of 120 MW each and 2 units of 220 MW each. Engineering Consultants, Merz & McLellan, were employed for the design and supervision of the construction of the power station. Construction of Stage 1 commenced in 1973, but was suspended in 1975 due to economic sanctions imposed on Rhodesia. Stage 1's units were commissioned from 1983 to 1986 with Stage 2's units following in 1986/87.
Energy in Zimbabwe is a serious problem for the country. Extensive use of firewood leads to deforestation and the electricity production capacity is too low for the current level of consumption.
The Muzizi Power Station is a proposed 45 megawatts (60,000 hp) hydroelectric power project in Uganda. The project, which has been planned for several years, has received a funding commitment from KfW and the French Development Agency.
Electricity in Tanzania is generated using gas; hydropower is also a significant source of power. Tanzania has a capacity of 1,601.84 megawatts (MW) as of April 2020, Natural Gas contributes 892.72MW, Hydroelectric Power contributes 573.70MW, while heavy oil and biomass make up of 88.80MW and 10.50MW, respectively. 73.2% of urban areas have access to electricity while 24.5% of rural areas have access to electricity as of April 2020-Rural Energy Agency. 65% of Tanzania’s population lives in rural areas. About 78.4% of Tanzanians are on the electrical grid.https://energypedia.info/wiki/Tanzania_Energy_Situation#:~:text=Tanzania%27s%20energy%20supply%20depends%20mainly,Rural%20Energy%20Agency%20April%202020%5D. The electrical supply varies, particularly when droughts disrupt hydropower electric generation; rolling blackouts are implemented as necessary. Nearly a quarter of electricity generated is lost because of poor transmission infrastructure. The unreliability of the electrical supply has hindered the development of Tanzanian industry.
Namugoga Solar Power Station is a proposed 50 megawatt solar power plant in Uganda. As of 2021 it is under construction and may be finished later in the year.
The A8 Highway is a paved primary trunk road in Zimbabwe running from Bulawayo to Victoria Falls. It is managed by the Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA).
Kinyerezi II Thermal Power Station is a 240 MW (320,000 hp), natural gas powered, electricity generating power station in Tanzania.
Kinyerezi I Thermal Power Station, also Kinyerezi 1 Thermal Power Station or Kinyerezi 1 Gas Plant, is a 150 MW (200,000 hp), natural gas powered, electricity generating power station in Tanzania.
The Khammwamba Thermal Power Station, also Khammwamba Power Station, is a proposed coal-fired power plant in Malawi, with planned installed capacity of 300 megawatts (400,000 hp).
Burning of charcoal and wood fuel provides approximately 94 percent of the energy in Malawi. Much of the renewable hydroelectric potential of the country is untapped. As per 2018 Population and Housing Census, the national electrification rate in Malawi was 10%, with 37% of the urban population and only 2% of the rural population having access to electricity.
The Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (Egenco) is a parastatal company whose primary purpose is to generate electric power for use in Malawi and for possible sale to neighboring countries. As of April 2018, Egenco's generation capacity was 351 megawatts (471,000 hp). In 2020, generation capacity is expected to increase to 369 megawatts (495,000 hp), when Tedzani IV Hydroelectric Power Station, comes online.
Zambia is potentially self-sufficient in sources of electricity, coal, biomass and renewable energy. The only energy source where the country is not self-sufficient is petroleum energy. Many of the sources of energy where the country is self-sufficient are largely unexploited. As of 2017, the country's electricity generating capacity stood at 1,901 megawatts.
Bulawayo Thermal Power Station is a 90 MW (120,000 hp) coal-fired thermal power plant located in the city of Bulawayo in Bulawayo District in the Matabeleland Province of Zimbabwe.