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The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria. Based on species Thermomicrobium roseum and Sphaerobacter thermophilus, this bacteria class has the following description:
The Deferribacteraceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria which make energy by anaerobic respiration.
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur.Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds.In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria, are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.
Prevotella melaninogenica is a species of bacterium in the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract. It is an important human pathogen in various anaerobic infections, often mixed with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. P. melaninogenica is an anaerobic, Gram-negative rod, named for its black colonies, and black pigment.
The Negativicutes are a class of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes, whose members have a peculiar cell wall with a lipopolysaccharide outer membrane which stains gram-negative, unlike most other members of the Firmicutes. Although several neighbouring Clostridia species also stain gram-negative, the proteins responsible for the unusual diderm structure of the Negativicutes may have actually been laterally acquired from Proteobacteria. Additional research is required to confirm the origin of the diderm cell envelope in the Negativicutes.
Neptunomonas concharum is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped, its type strain being LHW37T. This species was first isolated from a dead ark clam, hence the specific epithet "concharum", meaning "of the shells".
Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans, also known as Arthrobacter cryotolerans, is a species of bacteria. It is psychrotolerant, halotolerant, Gram-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic. It possesses a rod–coccus cycle. Its type strain is LI3T (= DSM 22826T = NCCB 100315T).
Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana is a species of mesophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria with one polar flagellum, first isolated from human urine, riverside urban soil and anaerobic digester. AMX 26BT is the type strain.
Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis is a species of mesophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria with one polar flagellum, first isolated from human urine, riverside urban soil and anaerobic digester. 12-3T is the type strain.
Fervidobacterium gondwanense is a species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria. It is non-sporulating, motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped.
Halobacteroides halobius is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a moderately halophilic, anaerobic, long rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative and non-sporulating bacterium.
Halanaerobacter chitinovorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a halophilic, anaerobic, chitinolytic bacterium. Its cells are long, gram-negative, motile, flexible rods.
Sphingomonas stygia is a species of bacteria. It is an aromatic compound-degrading bacteria, it is gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped. It is found in deep-terrestrial-subsurface sediments.
Pectinatus frisingensis is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Selenomonas lacticifex is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
Marinitoga piezophila is a species of rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacteria. It is, anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic, sulfur-reducing, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 micrometres and stains Gram-negative. The type strain is KA3T.
Dolosicoccus is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Aerococcaceae with one known species.
Propionispira raffinosivorans is a motile, obligate anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria. It was originally isolated from spoiled beer and believed to have some causative effect in beer spoilage. Since then, it has been taxonomically reclassified and proven to play a role in anaerobic beer spoilage, because of its production of acids, such as acetic and propionic acid, during fermentation
Alloprevotella tannerae is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Alloprevotella which has been isolated from a human gingival crevice.
References
- ↑ Schleifer, K. H.; Leuteritz, M.; Weiss, N.; Ludwig, W.; Kirchhof, G.; Seidel-Rufer, H. (1990). "Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative, Rod-Shaped Bacteria from Breweries: Emended Description of Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and Description of Pectinatus frisingensis sp. nov., Selenomonas lacticifex sp. nov., Zymophilus raffinosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Zymophilus paucivorans sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 40 (1): 19–27. doi: 10.1099/00207713-40-1-19 . ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 1699594.
