Adam Air

Last updated
Adam Air
AdamAir logo.png
IATA ICAO Callsign
KIDHIADAM SKY
Founded21 November 2002
Ceased operations18 June 2008
Hubs Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
Focus cities Polonia International Airport
Juanda International Airport
Fleet size37
Destinations27
Headquarters Jakarta, Indonesia
Website www.flyadamair.com (archived)

Adam Air (incorporated as PT. Adam SkyConnection Airlines) was a privately owned airline based in West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. [1] It operated scheduled domestic services to over 20 cities and international services to Penang and Singapore. Its main base was Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta. [2]

Contents

Although sometimes referred to as a low-cost carrier, it marketed itself as an airline straddled between low-cost and traditional carriers, offering both on-board meal service and low fares, similar to the model adopted by Singapore-based Valuair. Prior to the crash of Flight 574, it had been the fastest-growing low-cost carrier in Indonesia. [3]

History

Adam Air Boeing 737-200 in its standard livery Adam Air Boeing 737-200 Pichugin.jpg
Adam Air Boeing 737-200 in its standard livery

Adam Air was founded in 2002 by Agung Laksono, an Indonesian businessman and the Speaker of Indonesia's House of Representatives, and Sandra Ang.[ citation needed ] Sandra Ang is from an Indonesian-Chinese family which owned the airline. [4] The airline was named after Sandra Ang's 26-year-old son Adam Suherman, who was named chief executive officer (CEO) of the airline. [5] After studying in the United States, Suherman suggested that his family form an airline. [6]

The airline was established in 2002 and began operations on 19 December 2003 with two Boeing 737-400 aircraft leased from GE Commercial Aviation Services with first flight was from Jakarta to Medan and Denpasar. [2]

Adam Air had been involved in talks with multiple private investors, including discussions about the sale of a 20% stake to Qantas, a takeover bid from private equity fund Texas Pacific Group, and a planned initial public offering in Singapore. However, foreign investment interest evaporated with the crash of Flight 574. [3]

Indonesian investment firm PT Bhakti Investama Tbk was interested in acquiring Adam Air. The company already owned a stake in PT Indonesia Air Transport Tbk, a subsidiary of Pt Media Nusantara Citra Tbk, the southeast Asia's largest and most integrated media group, and president Hary Djaja says that "Given our experience with IAT, which has an excellent safety record, we're certain that we will be able to create positive synergies and improve the way Adam Air is run.". [7] Adam Air ultimately sold a fifty percent stake of itself to PT Bhakti Investama. [8]

Aviation consultant Gerry Soejatman stated that Adam Air was successful because of its "fresh image", referring to the bright colors of the airline's livery and uniforms. On August 22, 2006, Soejatman posted on Airliners.net, accusing the airline of poorly maintaining its aircraft, saying that any Adam Air aircraft is at risk of becoming "a smoking hole in the ground." [4]

Following the crash of Adam Air Flight 292 in Batam, PT Bhakti Investama and business consortium Bright Star Perkasa, which together own 50 percent share in Adam Air, announced that they would bail their investments and sell their shares back to the carrier's founders. Bhakti Investama's investor relations official Henry Suparman did not cite any specific safety incident in the airline but said that Bhakti had not seen any significant progress in the airline's handling of safety issues in the past year. [9]

Controversy

Safety

Adam Air's safety record, like a number of other Indonesian airlines, had been heavily criticised. [3] Pilots had reported repeated and deliberate breaches of international safety regulations due to the airline's attitude towards them and aircraft being flown in non-airworthy states for months at a time. They said that there had been such incidents as:

  1. Requests to sign documents to allow an aircraft to fly, while not having the authority to do so or knowing that the plane was not airworthy (or both),
  2. Flying one plane with a damaged door handle and another with a damaged window for months,
  3. Swapping parts between planes to avoid mandatory replacement deadlines,
  4. Being ordered to fly after exceeding the take-off limit of five times per pilot per day,
  5. Using spare parts from other planes to attempt to keep planes in the air, and
  6. Ignoring pilots' requests to abort takeoff, even though the planes were obviously unsafe.

The Associated Press quoted one Adam Air pilot as saying that "Every time you flew, you had to fight with the ground staff and the management about all the regulations you had to violate." They also said that if the airline's pilots confronted their seniors, they were grounded or docked pay. [3] [10]

Corruption

The Asia Times said it had spoken to "some well-placed local sources requesting anonymity", who claimed that Agung Laksono did not invest any of his own money into Adam Air, instead using money available to him through his official government position. Furthermore, Laksono's position gave him the unfair advantage of receiving heavily regulated licenses and airport landing rights. The same people claimed that the Ang family had no previous experience in the aviation industry. [3] Adam Air's original advertising campaign contained statements considered by many to be direct lies, telling passengers to take to the skies with its "new Boeing 737-400s", despite the fact that its two Boeings, leased from GE Capital Aviation Services, were used and over fifteen years old. [3] At the time Adam Air was founded, the 737 aircraft families (Boeing 737s and 737 Classics) making up Adam Air's fleet had been out-of-production for several years, long replaced by the 737 Next-Generation family. [11]

After an incident in which an Adam Air aircraft landed 525 km (326 mi) away from its intended destination, the pilots blamed a malfunctioning navigation system. [3] The airline claimed the equipment to be in good working order, and had the pilots arrested on charges of endangering passenger safety. Immediately after the incident, the Directorate General of Air Communications (DGAC) sent instructions to Adam Air to repair the faulty system. The airline was then required to conduct a total of thirteen test flights with DGAC inspectors aboard before the aircraft could return to commercial service. [3] Adam Air instead left behind a team from the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT), who they were supposed to transport to the site, and sent only their own engineers. According to Adam Air, they repaired the fault, and the aircraft was immediately returned to service without any inspection. [3] Iksan Tatang, director general of air transportation, said the incident was "a serious violation", and promised a full investigation. However, no sign of the investigation's findings exists on the public record, and it is unclear if an investigation took place at all. Critics say Adam Air used its political connections to sidestep aviation authorities. [3]

When asked by Tempo magazine what caused the fatal crash of Adam Air Flight 574 in January 2007, before Adam Air agreed (nine months later) to help find the wreckage, chief executive officer Suherman said: "It was a weather problem. Everything was okay when the plane took off, except for the X factor. We are not God." However, at that time, the Asia Times was already suggesting that because of corruption, the real cause of the crash might never be known. [3]

Large numbers of pilots joined the airline when it was founded in 2003, but most of them quit years later over safety concerns. [10]

On 10 January 2007 there was a report that Indonesian consumer and labour groups were planning to lodge a US$100 million suit, claiming the airline neglected safety in order to save money. [12]

On 21 February 2007 it was reported that 13 Adam Air employees, as well as an employee of airport operator PT Angkasa Pura, working at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport had been arrested for fraudulent data manipulation. The scheme involved manipulating passenger data to show passengers as 'leaving the country'. This meant that they were automatically charged a duty of 30,000 Rupiah each, when in reality they owed none. The money was then split between fourteen staff members. A computer from the check-in desk, as well as passenger tickets and lists, were seized. [13]

On 17 May 2007 Adam Air pilots decided to resign due to poor navigational systems with which they were forced to fly. [14] The airline sued all of them since their contract length had not been fulfilled. [10] A Liputan 6 article stated that Adam Air was not attempting to claim for damage caused by the pilots' public accusations of poor safety standards. [3]

Warnings and subsequent shutdown

On March 16, 2007, the Indonesian government announced the shut down of an unspecified Indonesian air carrier. [15] Although no details were immediately released, it was revealed that the airline had had a string of recent accidents, making Adam Air a likely candidate. [15] One official from the airline, speaking anonymously as he was not permitted to speak to the press, said that Adam Air was "prepared for the worst." [16] It was announced on March 22 that Adam Air was one of seven airlines that would lose their licences within three months unless they could improve their safety standards. [17] The other six airlines involved were Bouraq Indonesia Airlines, Transwisata Prima Aviation, Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines, Manunggal Air Services, Jatayu Airlines and Kartika Airlines. [17] All fifty-four of Indonesia's airlines were told to make some improvements. [2] [18]

It was reported on June 28, 2007, that Adam Air would escape shutdown and had upgraded its safety rating to the middle tier. By then, four airlines had had their licences revoked and five others were grounded pending improvements. [19]

As reported on the local news, Adam Air reduced many of its flights. Adam Air decreased its frequencies to only several flights departing both from Jakarta Airport and Surabaya Airport.

On 16 March 2008, Adam Air was given 21 days by the Indonesian government to decide whether to close down after safety concerns prompted an investment group to unload its 50 percent stake in the airline. [20] The following day, the president of Adam Air announced that more than half of the fleet had been seized after the airline defaulted on payments.

"Out of 22 planes, now we only have 10 because 12 of them have been declared in default. The other 10 have been declared in default as well, but I'm still trying to work out a way to restructure the payments," Adam Suherman was quoted as saying. [21]

On 18 March 2008, after an accident at Batam, in which a Boeing 737 skidded off the runway while landing, the Indonesian government suspended Adam Air's Air Operator Certificate and gave them three months to show safety improvements. [22]

On 18 June 2008, the Indonesian government revoked Adam Air's operator certificate, and the airline ceased operations. [23]

Prior to its demise, the company was in serious financial trouble. The company's owner (Sandra Ang) had been allegedly embezzling the company's money. The financial losses from the embezzlement reportedly amounted to Rp 2.1 trillion (approximately US$210 million). On August 12, 2008, the Indonesian police named Sandra Ang as a suspect for money embezzlement. She was later arrested and also banned from leaving the country. [24]

By the end of 2008, almost every single one of Adam Air's planes was returned to lessor. Only 1 of its 737-200 remained, which was scrapped in Bandung 3 years later.

Fleet

Adam Air's fleet consisted of Boeing 737s during its entire operation. [25]

Adam Air fleet
AircraftTotalIntroducedRetiredNotes
Airbus A300-600 120052005leased from Air Paradise International
Boeing 737-200 620042008
Boeing 737-300 7
Boeing 737-400 132003
Boeing 737-500 1

Destinations

Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia

Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia

Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore

Incidents and accidents

In 2006, one plane skidded off a runway, and two others were operated despite known malfunctions related to landing gear.

Flight 782

On February 11, 2006, Flight 782, registration number PK-KKE, lost navigational and communications systems twenty minutes into a flight from Jakarta to Makassar, Sulawesi. The plane was subsequently flown into a radar "black spot" and was lost for several hours, eventually making an emergency landing at Tambolaka Airport, Sumba (on a different island 481 kilometres (299 mi; 260 nmi) away from their intended destination, and southeast from their origin, instead of northeast). The pilot in that incident was fired. Adam Air broke multiple safety regulations, including removing an aircraft before it was due for inspection by aviation authorities. [10] [26]

Flight 574

CG rendering of Adam Air's PK-KKW Boeing 737-4Q8 737-adam524.png
CG rendering of Adam Air's PK-KKW Boeing 737-4Q8

On 1 January 2007, air traffic controllers lost contact with flight 574 en route from Surabaya (SUB) to Manado (MDC). The aircraft, a Boeing 737-400 with the registration PK-KKW (c/n 24070), had 96 passengers and 6 crew. On January 10, parts of the aircraft's tail stabilizer were found 300 metres (980 ft) offshore.

The flight recorders and suspected debris were located, but were not initially recovered due to a dispute between Adam Air and the Indonesian Government over who should pay recovery costs. [27] Both recorders were retrieved after Adam Air agreed to pay for seven days of searching. A 2009 episode of Mayday (Air Crash Investigation, Air Emergency) about Flight 574 stated that the official crash report had concluded the Inertial Reference System (IRS) had failed. This failure, which should not by itself have brought the plane down, caused the pilots to become preoccupied with trying to fix it. After changing the IRS from "Navigate" mode to "Attitude" mode, the pilots failed to manually fly the plane while the computer system recalibrated, a procedure that takes about 30 seconds. The failure to maintain straight and level flight during the recalibration caused the autopilot to completely disengage and cease compensating for the plane's tendency to roll to the right, which caused the nose of the plane to dip. In attempting to correct the pitch of the aircraft before levelling the wings, the pilot sent the aircraft into an unrecoverable downward spiral, leading to the plane suffering massive structural failure as it descended at nearly the speed of sound. The investigation disclosed that the accident aircraft, including the faulty IRS and several other systems, had been the subject of more than 40 pilot complaints, or "write ups" in the months prior to the crash.

Flight 172

Adam Air Flight 172 after impact on the runway Adam Air crash.jpg
Adam Air Flight 172 after impact on the runway

On 21 February 2007 Flight 172, an Adam Air Boeing 737-300 aircraft flying from Jakarta to Surabaya with registration PK-KKV (c/n 27284), had a hard landing at Juanda International Airport. The incident caused the fuselage of the plane to crack and bend at the middle, with the tail of the plane drooping towards the ground. There were no reports of serious injuries from the incident. Subsequent flights to the airport were diverted to alternate airports. As a result, six Adam Air 737s were grounded awaiting safety checks, but five of these were then put back in regular service. [28] Adam Air described this as "harsh punishment" for an accident it blamed on poor weather conditions, but Vice President Jusuf Kalla has said that all Boeing 737-300s should be checked. [29]

Flight 292

On 10 March 2008, an Adam Air Boeing 737-400 aircraft flying from Jakarta to Batam with registration PK-KKT (c/n 24353), skidded 75 metres (246 ft; 82 yd) off the end of the runway while landing in Batam. All passengers survived, with two passengers treated for shock. The plane sustained damage to one wing and was ultimately written off by its lessor. [30] [31] This accident contributed to the airline's demise, just eight days later, and the formal revocation of its AOC three months later. The incident also illustrated that crew were not trained correctly on evacuation procedures. In particular, during the evacuation of this aircraft no slides were deployed to allow the passengers off the aircraft.

Related Research Articles

PT Lion Mentari Airlines, operating as Lion Air, is an Indonesian low-cost airline based in Jakarta. Lion Air is the country's largest privately run airline, the second largest low-cost airline in Southeast Asia and the largest airline of Indonesia. With Wings Air and Batik Air, Lion Group is the country's largest airline's group. The airline operates domestic as well as international routes, which connects different destinations of Indonesia to Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, India, Japan and Saudi Arabia, as well as charter routes to Mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea and Macau, with more than 630 flights per day.

PT Merpati Nusantara Airlines, operating as Merpati Nusantara Airlines, was an airline in Indonesia based in Central Jakarta, Jakarta. It operated scheduled domestic services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia, as well as scheduled international services to East Timor and Malaysia. The word merpati is Indonesian for "dove", and Nusantara is a Javanese word found in the Pararaton meaning "the outer islands", referring to the Indonesian archipelago. The airline was based at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta. It also maintained both a maintenance and simulator facility at Juanda International Airport, Surabaya. The Merpati Training Centre at Surabaya housed Fokker F-27, AVIC MA60 and CN-235 full motion simulators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tigerair Mandala</span> Defunct low-cost airline of Indonesia (1969–2014)

Tigerair Mandala was a low-cost carrier headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia. It was founded in 1969 as a full service airline by members of the Indonesian military. In 2006, as part of the ongoing reforms, the military was forced to sell Mandala Airlines, with the new owners converting it to a low-cost carrier. In January 2011, facing bankruptcy, Mandala Airlines filed for protection from its creditors, and ceased operations. In May 2011, Singapore based Tiger Airways Holdings made an offer to purchase Mandala, but the transaction did not close until September 2011. The airline did not return to service until April 2012, renamed Tigerair Mandala, following an injection of fresh capital by Indonesian conglomerate Saratoga Investment Corp.

Sriwijaya Air is an Indonesian airline headquartered and based at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten. It began its operations on 10 November 2003, and flies scheduled and chartered services on domestic routes within Indonesia as well as international routes to neighbouring countries. The airline's slogan is Your Flying Partner.

Sempati Air was an airline based in Indonesia. Partially owned by friends and family of President Suharto of Indonesia, the airline ceased operations due to bankruptcy after its owner Suharto's May 1998 presidential resignation. Its IATA code has since been reassigned to SpiceJet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandala Airlines Flight 091</span> 2005 aviation accident

Mandala Airlines Flight 091 (RI091/MDL091) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Medan to Jakarta, operated by Mandala Airlines with a Boeing 737-200Adv. On September 5, 2005 at 10:15 a.m. WIB (UTC+7), the aircraft stalled and crashed into a heavily populated residential area seconds after taking off from Polonia International Airport. Of the 117 passengers and crews on board, only 17 survived. An additional 49 civilians on the ground were killed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juanda International Airport</span> Airport serving Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Juanda International Airport, is an international airport located in Sedati, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. It is now the third busiest airport in Indonesia. This airport is located approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from Downtown Surabaya and serves the Surabaya metropolitan area, the metropolitan area of Surabaya plus extended urban area. Juanda International Airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I. The airport takes its name after Djuanda Kartawidjaja (1911–1963), the last Prime Minister of Indonesia who had suggested development of this airport. In 2019, the airport served about 500 aircraft per day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garuda Indonesia Flight 152</span> Aviation accident in Sibolangit, Indonesia, killing 234

Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 (GA152/GIA152) was a scheduled domestic flight operated by Garuda Indonesia from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Tangerang, to Polonia International Airport, Medan, in Indonesia. On 26 September 1997, the aircraft flying the route crashed into mountainous woodlands near the village of Buah Nabar, Sibolangit, killing all 222 passengers and 12 crew members on board. It is the deadliest aviation disaster in Indonesia's history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Air Flight 574</span> 2007 aviation accident

Adam Air Flight 574 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Adam Air between the Indonesian cities of Surabaya and Manado that crashed into the Makassar Strait near Polewali in Sulawesi on 1 January 2007. All 102 people on board died, making it the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-400. A national investigation was launched into the disaster. The final report, released on 25 March 2008, concluded that the pilots lost control of the aircraft after they became preoccupied with troubleshooting the inertial navigation system and inadvertently disconnected the autopilot. Despite a series of safety incidents, which contributed to the shut down of Adam Air in 2008, this was the only incident resulting in fatalities during the airline's 5-year existence.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Air Flight 172</span> 2007 aviation incident

Adam Air Flight 172 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport to Juanda Airport, Surabaya. On 21 February 2007, the Boeing 737-300 operating the flight made a hard landing at Surabaya and suffered fuselage cracking in the middle of the passenger section. All six of Adam Air's remaining 737s were immediately grounded, though five of them were back in regular service later that year. This incident caused further concerns regarding the safety of flights operated by Adam Air, which had received much criticism after the 1 January 2007 crash of Flight 574.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garuda Indonesia Flight 200</span> 2007 passenger plane crash in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Garuda Indonesia Flight 200(GA200/GIA 200) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight of a Boeing 737-400 operated by Garuda Indonesia between Jakarta and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The aircraft overran the runway, crashed into a rice field and burst into flames while landing at Adisucipto International Airport on 7 March 2007. Twenty passengers and one flight attendant were killed. Both pilots survived, and were fired shortly after the accident occurred. It was the fifth hull-loss of a Boeing 737 in Indonesia within less than six months and was the most recent accident with fatalities involving the airline.

Trigana Air is an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

In aeronautics, loss of control (LOC) is the unintended departure of an aircraft from controlled flight and is a significant factor in several aviation accidents worldwide. In 2015 it was the leading cause of general aviation accidents. Loss of control may be the result of mechanical failure, external disturbances, aircraft upset conditions, or inappropriate crew actions or responses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flydubai Flight 981</span> 2016 aircraft crash in Rostov-on-Don, Russia

Flydubai Flight 981 (FZ981/FDB981) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to Rostov-on-Don, Russia. On 19 March 2016, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the flight crashed during a go-around, killing all 62 passengers and crew on board.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lion Air Flight 610</span> 2018 aircraft crash in the Java Sea, Indonesia, killing 189

Lion Air Flight 610 (JT610/LNI610) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Tangerang, to Depati Amir Airport, Pangkal Pinang, in Indonesia. On 29 October 2018, the Boeing 737 MAX operating the route crashed into the Java Sea 13 minutes after takeoff, killing all 189 people on board. It was the first major accident and hull loss of a 737 MAX—a then recently-introduced aircraft—and the highest death toll of any accident or incident involving a 737-series aircraft. One diver also died during recovery operations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing 737 MAX groundings</span> March 2019 worldwide grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX following two fatal crashes in five months

The Boeing 737 MAX passenger airliner was grounded worldwide between March 2019 and December 2020 – longer in many jurisdictions – after 346 people died in two similar crashes: Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018, and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019. By March 13, 2019, 51 regulators had grounded the plane; by March 18, all 387 of the aircraft in service worldwide were grounded; the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, when it received evidence showing how similar the accidents were.

References

  1. ↑ "Cover." Adam Air. Retrieved on 22 June 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International . March 27, 2007. p. 45.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Falling skies for Indonesian aviation - Asia Times - Obtained on January 27, 2007.
  4. 1 2 Greenlees, Donald. "Indonesian airline had a string of safety issues - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune." The New York Times . Tuesday January 30, 2007. 1. Retrieved on March 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ Greenlees, Donald. "Indonesian airline had a string of safety issues - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune." The New York Times . Tuesday January 30, 2007. 2. Retrieved on March 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ Greenlees, Donald. "Indonesian airline had a string of safety issues - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune." The New York Times . Tuesday January 30, 2007. 3. Retrieved on March 16, 2013.
  7. ↑ Indonesian firm to acquire troubled Adam Air - english.eastday.com Compiled by Shanghai Daily - March 20, 2007 - Obtained March 22, 2007.
  8. ↑ Indonesia's Adam Air to buy 40 new jetplanes - People's Daily Online - April 13, 2007 - Obtained May 5, 2007.
  9. ↑ Bhakti consortium pulls out of Adam Air over safety issues Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine - Antara News - Obtained March 17, 2008.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Pilots concerned over Indonesia airlines [ permanent dead link ] - phillbyblurbs.com - Obtained January 27, 2007.
  11. ↑ Information about the Boeing 737
  12. ↑ "Indonesian airline hit with lawsuit over crash". Archived from the original on 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  13. ↑ Air crew nabbed for data manipulation [ permanent dead link ] - The Jakarta Post - Obtained March 1, 2007.
  14. ↑ "Belasan Pilot Adam Air Digugat di Pengadilan" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
  15. 1 2 Adam Air braces for possible closure after string of plane accidents Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine - The Jakarta Post - Obtained March 16, 2007.
  16. ↑ Adam Air Braces for Possible Closure- chron.com - Obtained on March 17, 2007. [ dead link ]
  17. 1 2 Adam Air escapes license revocation [ permanent dead link ] - The Jakarta Post - Obtained March 22, 2007.
  18. ↑ All 54 Indonesian airlines told to raise safety standards - The Brunei Times - Obtained March 24, 2007.
  19. ↑ Safety concerns ground 9 Indonesian airlines - ABC news - June 26, 2007 - Retrieved June 28, 2007
  20. ↑ "Indonesia gives Adam Air 21 days to decide whether to close down". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
  21. ↑ "Adam Air Loses Half Its Fleet After Default". Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
  22. ↑ Air&Cosmos
  23. ↑ "Departemen Perhubungan Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2008-04-17. - Departemen Perhubungan - June 19, 2008 - Retrieved July 2, 2008
  24. ↑ Ditetapkan Jadi Tersangka, Komisaris Adam Air Dicekal (Indonesian)
  25. ↑ "Adam Air Fleet Details and History". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  26. ↑ B737 makes emergency landing after nav and comm systems failure - Aviation Safety Network - retrieved March 4, 2007.
  27. ↑ On August 27, 2007, both flight recorders were recovered and were subsequently sent to the United States for analysis.Indonesian airline, government battle over retrieval of black box Archived February 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine - monstersandcritics.com (news section) - retrieved on January 26, 2007.
  28. ↑ Indonesia's aviation safety agency to publish preliminary report into New Year's Day Adam Air crash despite failure to locate black boxes - www.flightglobal.com - Obtained March 5, 2007.
  29. ↑ "Crash follows safety concerns". The Daily Telegraph . March 7, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
  30. ↑ Adam Air flight skids off runway - (updated & with image link) > AviationRecord > Search Results Archived 2008-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ "Plane skids off Batam runway, five hurt". The Age . Melbourne. March 10, 2008.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.