Armstrong Siddeley

Last updated

Armstrong Siddeley
IndustryMotor cars

Aircraft engines

Light engineering
Founded1919
Defunct1960
FateMerged with Hawker Aircraft (1935)
became Hawker Siddeley

Merged with Bristol Aero Engines (1960)
became Bristol Siddeley

Merged with

Contents

Rolls-Royce (1966)
SuccessorArmstrong Siddeley Owners Club Ltd
Headquarters Coventry, England
Key people
John Davenport Siddeley
Parent Armstrong Whitworth (1919–27)
Subsidiaries Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft (1927–35)

Armstrong Siddeley was a British engineering group that operated during the first half of the 20th century. It was formed in 1919 and is best known for the production of luxury vehicles and aircraft engines.

The company was created following the purchase by Armstrong Whitworth of Siddeley-Deasy, a manufacturer of luxury motor cars that were marketed to the top echelon of society. After the merge of companies, this focus on quality continued throughout in the production of cars, aircraft engines, gearboxes for tanks and buses, rocket and torpedo motors, and the development of railcars. Company mergers and takeovers with Hawker Aviation and Bristol Aero Engines saw the continuation of the car production which ceased in August 1960.

The company was absorbed into the Rolls-Royce conglomerate which was interested in the aircraft and aircraft engine business. Eventually, the remaining spares and all motor car interests were sold to the Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club Ltd, which now owns the patents, designs, copyrights and trademarks, including the name Armstrong Siddeley.

Considered "an elegant car appropriate for royal use", the "Armstrong Siddeley Saloon" was used by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) during his 1930 tour of Uganda. [1]

History

Siddeley Autocar

Name plate: Vickers, Sons & Maxim -- Wolseley Siddeley Emblem Wolseley-Siddeley V S & M copy.png
Name plate: Vickers, Sons & Maxim — Wolseley Siddeley

The Siddeley Autocar Company, of Coventry, was founded by John Davenport Siddeley (1866–1953) in 1902. Its products, made for him by a Vickers subsidiary, were heavily based on Peugeots using many Peugeot parts and fitted with English-built bodies. J. D. Siddeley was appointed London sales manager of Vickers Limited's subsidiary Wolseley in early 1905 [2] at the same time as Wolseley purchased the goodwill and patent rights of his Siddeley car. [note 1] A few months later Herbert Austin left to form his own business and Siddeley was appointed general manager. [3]

Without the consent of the Vickers brothers Siddeley added his own name to the Wolseley nameplate but it was dropped on his departure.

Siddeley-Deasy

In 1909, J. D. Siddeley resigned from Wolseley and in 1910, he took on management of The Deasy Motor Car Manufacturing Company, Limited. The shareholders were so pleased with his success in that post that on 7 November 1912 they unanimously agreed to change the company's name to The Siddeley-Deasy Motor Car Company Limited. [4] [5] Siddeley's name had been added to the product's radiator earlier in 1912. [6] His cars began to use the slogan "As silent as the Sphinx", sporting a Sphinx as a bonnet mascot. [7]

Armstrong Siddeley

1921 5-litre 30hp Landaulette Advert Armstrong Siddeley 1921 advert 30HP Landaulette.jpg
1921 5-litre 30hp Landaulette Advert

In April 1919, Siddeley-Deasy was bought out by Armstrong Whitworth Development Company of Newcastle upon Tyne and in May 1919 became Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd, a subsidiary with J. D. Siddeley as managing director. In 1927, Armstrong Whitworth merged its heavy engineering interests with Vickers to form Vickers-Armstrongs. At this point, J. D. Siddeley brought Armstrong Siddeley and Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft into his control. In 1928, Armstrong Siddeley Holdings bought Avro from Crossley Motors. Also that year Siddeley partnered with Walter Gordon Wilson, inventor of the pre-selector gearbox, to create Improved Gears Ltd, which later became Self-Changing Gears – the gearbox that should be credited with enabling the marketing tagline "Cars for the daughters of gentlemen".

Armstrong Siddeley manufactured luxury cars, aircraft engines, and later, aircraft. In 1935, J. D. Siddeley's interests were purchased for £2 million [8] by aviation pioneer Tommy Sopwith, owner of Hawker Aircraft, to form – along with the Gloster Aircraft Company and Air Training Services – Hawker Siddeley, a famous name in British aircraft production. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft and Armstrong Siddeley Motors became subsidiaries of Hawker Siddeley, with Sopwith himself becoming the new chairman of Armstrong Siddeley Motors. At this time, there remained an "unbroken business association" between the Siddeley family and the Middleton-Joy family who were manufactures of Filtrate Oil and had enjoyed considerable success in car-racing rallies. [9] [10]

Armstrong Siddeley was merged with the aircraft engine business of Bristol Aeroplane Company (Bristol Aero Engines) to form Bristol Siddeley as part of an ongoing rationalisation under government influence of the British aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturers. Armstrong Siddeley produced their last cars in 1960. Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce merged in 1966, the latter subsuming the former which remained for a while as an aircraft engine division within Rolls-Royce.

In June 1972, Rolls-Royce (1972) Ltd sold all the stock of spares plus all patents, specifications, drawings, catalogues and the name of Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd to the Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club Ltd. This meant that "Armstrong Siddeley" and "A-S Sphinx Logo" are trademarks and copyright of the Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club Ltd.

The "Siddeley" name survived a while longer in aviation, through Hawker Siddeley Aviation and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics. In 1977 they joined with others to become British Aerospace (BAe) which with further mergers is now BAE Systems.

Products

Motor cars

Coupe utility for the postwar export drive 1952 Armstrong Siddeley Station Coupe LHD, front right (Hershey 2019).jpg
Coupé utility for the postwar export drive

The first car produced from the union was a fairly massive machine, a 5-litre 30 hp. A smaller 18 hp appeared in 1922 and a 2-litre 14 hp was introduced in 1923. 1928 saw the company's first 15 hp six; 1929 saw the introduction of a 12 hp vehicle. This was a pioneering year for the marque, during which it first offered the Wilson preselector gearbox as an optional extra; it became standard issue on all cars from 1933. In 1930 the company marketed four models, of 12, 15, 20, and 30 hp, the last costing £1450.

The company's rather staid image was endorsed during the 1930s by the introduction of a range of six-cylinder cars with ohv engines, though a four-cylinder 12 hp was kept in production until 1936.

In 1932 - or thereabouts, a line of special, rather more sporty designs was started which resulted in the Rally Tourer series. The aim was to help shake off the somewhat pedestrian image of what was in fact a rather advanced product. Of the 16 rally tourers built, many were used by the owners or senior directors, and were entered into various rallies, achieving some good results and making for good publicity. Only one of those 16 special cars is now known to exist: a 1933, Long-15 Rally Tourer which, according to the records, shared the same body as the 20 hp version (which had a slightly longer bonnet).

In 1933, the 5-litre six-cylinder Siddeley Special was announced, featuring a Hiduminium aluminium alloy engine; this model cost £950. Car production continued at a reduced rate throughout 1940, and a few were assembled in 1941.

The week that World War II ended in Europe, Armstrong Siddeley introduced its first post-war models; these were the Lancaster four-door saloon and the Hurricane drophead coupe. The names of these models echoed the names of aircraft produced by the Hawker Siddeley Group (the name adopted by the company in 1935) during the war. These cars all used a 2-litre six-cylinder (16 hp) engines, increased to 2.3-litre (18 hp) engines in 1949. From 1949 to 1952 two commercial variants of the 18 hp Whitleys were produced, primarily for export. The Utility Coupé was a conventional coupe utility style vehicle, while the Station Coupé was effectively a dual cab vehicle, although it still retained only two doors. However, it did have two rows of seating to accommodate up to four adults and the doors were larger to allow better access to the rear. From 1953 the company produced the Sapphire, with a 3.4-litre six-cylinder engine.

In 1956, the model range was expanded with the addition of the 234 (a 2.3-litre four-cylinder) and the 236 (with the older 2.3-litre six-cylinder engine). The Sapphire 346 sported a bonnet mascot in the shape of a sphinx with namesake Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire jet engines attached. The 234 and 236 Sapphires might have looked to some of marque's loyal customers like a radical departure from the traditional Armstrong Siddeley appearance. However, in truth, they were simply too conservative in a period of rapidly developing automotive design. If the "baby Sapphire" heralded the beginning of the end for Armstrong Siddeley, it was because Jaguar had launched the unitary-construction 2.4 saloon in 1955, which was quicker, significantly cheaper, and much better-looking than the 234 and 236.

The last new model produced by Armstrong Siddeley was 1958's Star Sapphire, with a 4-litre engine, and automatic transmission. The Armstrong Siddeley was a casualty of the 1960 merger with Bristol; the last car left the Coventry factory in 1960.

Model list

Cars produced by Armstrong Siddeley had designations that came from the tax horsepower rating of their engines.

Lancaster six-light saloon Armstrong Siddeley Lancaster 1947.jpg
Lancaster six-light saloon
Whitley four-light sports saloon Armstrong Siddeley Whitley.JPG
Whitley four-light sports saloon
Typhoon fixed head coupe Armstrong Siddeley Typhoon.jpg
Typhoon fixed head coupé
Hurricane drophead coupe Armstrong Siddeley - Flickr - exfordy.jpg
Hurricane drophead coupé
Model nameTypeEngineFromToNo. produced
Thirty Various4960 cc191919312770
Eighteen Various2400 cc192119252500 (combined)
18/50 or 18 Mk.II Various2872 cc19251926
Four-Fourteen Various1852 cc1923192913,365
Twenty Short and Long chassis2872 cc192619368847
Fifteen Tourer, saloon1900 cc192719297203 inc 15/6
Twelve Tourer, saloon, sports1236 (1434 cc from 1931)1929193712500
15/6 Tourer, saloon, sports1900 cc (2169 cc from 1933)192819347206 inc Fifteen
Siddeley Special Tourer, saloon, limousine4960 cc19331937253
Short 17 Coupe, saloon, sports saloon2394 cc193519384260 (combined)
Long 17 Saloon, tourer, Atalanta sports saloon, Limousine, landaulette2394 cc19351939
12 Plus & 14 Saloon, tourer1666 cc193619393750
20/25 Saloon, tourer, Atlanta sports saloon

Limousine, landaulette

3670 cc19361940884
16 Saloon, Sports saloon1991 cc19381941950
Lancaster 16 4-door saloon1991 cc194519523597 (combined)
Lancaster 18 4-door saloon2309 cc19451952
Hurricane 16 Drophead coupé 1991 cc194519532606 (combined)
Hurricane 18 Drophead coupé2309 cc19451953
Typhoon 2-door fixed-head coupé 1991 cc194619491701
Tempest 4-door fixed-head coupé 1991 cc194619496
Whitley 18 Various2309 cc194919532624
Sapphire 346 4-door saloon & Limousine3435 cc195219587697
Sapphire 234 4-door saloon2290 cc19551958803
Sapphire 236 4-door saloon2309 cc19551957603
Star Sapphire Saloon & Limousine3990 cc19581960980
Star Sapphire Mk II Saloon & Limousine3990 cc196019601

A feature of many of their later cars was the option of an electrically controlled pre-selector gearbox.

Clubs

Like many British cars of this era, there are active owners' clubs supporting their continued use in several countries, e.g. the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Germany. Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club Ltd has members worldwide and many members of the ASCC in Australia are resident overseas.

In the United Kingdom, ASOC publishes a monthly members magazine Sphinx. In Australia, the Armstrong Siddeley Car Club publishes Southern Sphinx six times a year. In the Netherlands, ASOC Dutch also publishes six times a year, and in New Zealand, Armstrong Siddeley Car Club in New Zealand Inc. publish Sphinx-NZ monthly. [11]

Aircraft engines

Armstrong Siddeley Lynx 7 cylinder radial from the Avro 618 Ten aircraft, Southern Cloud AS Cooma A S Lynx radial.jpg
Armstrong Siddeley Lynx 7 cylinder radial from the Avro 618 Ten aircraft, Southern Cloud

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Armstrong Siddeley produced a range of low- and mid-power aircraft radial engines, all named after big cats. They also produced a tiny 2-cylinder engine called the Ounce, another name for the snow leopard, for ultralight aircraft.

The company started work on their first gas turbine engine in 1939, following the design pioneered at the Royal Aircraft Establishment by Alan Arnold Griffith. Known as the "ASX" for "Armstrong Siddeley eXperimental", the original pure-turbojet design was later adapted to drive a propeller, resulting in the "ASP". From then on, AS turbine engines were named after snakes. The Mamba and Double Mamba were turboprop engines, the latter being a complex piece of engineering with two side-by-side Mambas driving through a common gearbox, and could be found on the Fairey Gannet. The Python turboprop powered the Westland Wyvern strike aircraft. Further development of the Mamba removed the reduction gearbox to give the Adder turbojet.

Another pioneer in the production of the RAE engine design was Metrovick, who started with a design known as the Metrovick F.2. This engine never entered production, and Metrovick turned to a larger design, the Beryl, and then to an even larger design, the Sapphire. Armstrong Siddeley later took over the Sapphire design, and it went on to be one of the most successful 2nd generation jet engines, competing with the better-known Rolls-Royce Avon.

The company went on to develop an engine – originally for unmanned Jindivik target drones – called the Viper. This product was further developed by Bristol Siddeley and, later, Rolls-Royce and was sold in great numbers over many years. A range of rocket motors were also produced, including the Snarler and Stentor. The rocket development complemented that of Bristol, and Bristol Siddeley would become the leading British manufacturer of rocket engines for missiles.

Aero and rocket engines
yeartype
Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah 19357-cyl radial
Armstrong Siddeley Civet 19287-cylinder radial
Armstrong Siddeley Cougar 19459-cylinder radial not-produced
Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound 193521-cylinder 3-row in-line radial engine. Not produced
Armstrong Siddeley Genet 19265-cylinder radial
Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major 1928radial
Armstrong Siddeley Hyena 1933experimental 15-cylinder 3-row inline radial
Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar 192314-cylinder 2-row radial
Armstrong Siddeley Leopard 192714-cylinder, 2-row radial
Armstrong Siddeley Lynx 1920radial
Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose 19265-cyl radial
Armstrong Siddeley Ounce 19202-cylinder opposed
Armstrong Siddeley Panther 192914-cylinder 2-row radial
Armstrong Siddeley Serval 192810-cylinder 2-row radial
Armstrong Siddeley Tiger 193214-cylinder 2-row radial supercharged
Armstrong Siddeley ASX 1945axial flow turbojet
Armstrong Siddeley Python 1945turboprop, also known as ASP
Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba 1949Two Mamba linked by gearbox
Armstrong Siddeley Mamba 1946turboprop
Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire 1948turbojet
Armstrong Siddeley Adder 1948turbojet
Armstrong Siddeley Viper 1951turbojet
Armstrong Siddeley Snarler 1950rocket

Diesel engines

In 1946 Armstrong Siddeley produced their first diesel engines. They were medium-speed engines for industrial and agricultural use. Initially there was a single-cylinder engine producing 5 bhp (3.7 kW) at 900 rpm and a twin-cylinder version. Each cylinder had a capacity of 988 cm3 (60.2 cubic inches). The power output and speed was progressively increased. By the end of 1954 the single-cylinder engine was rated at 11 bhp (8.2 kW) at 1800 rpm and the twin-cylinder engine 22 bhp (16 kW) at the same speed. In 1955 the range was extended with the introduction of a 3-cylinder engine rated at 33 bhp (25 kW). [12]

The engines were built at Armstrong Siddeley's factory at Walnut Street in Leicester until that factory closed in August 1957. [13] Production was transferred to the factory of Armstrong Siddeley (Brockworth) Ltd in Gloucestershire and in 1958 to the factory of Petters Limited at Staines, Middlesex. The engines built by Petters were designated AS1, AS2 and AS3 to distinguish them from that company's other products. Production ended in 1962 when Petters introduced a replacement range of lightweight small high-speed air-cooled diesel engines. [14]

In April 1958 the company obtained a licence to build the Maybach MD series high-speed diesel engines. [15] Several hundred were built by Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd after that company took over Armstrong Siddeley's manufacturing activities in 1959.

See also

Notes

  1. "The Wolseley Tool and Motor-Car Company Limited has absorbed the Siddeley Autocar Company Limited and has acquired Niagara Westminster for premises for a London office and garage. The two companies have long been associated, the Siddeley cars being made by the Wolseley company." The Times, Monday, 13 Feb 1905; pg. 9; Issue 3762

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vickers</span> British engineering company

Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolls-Royce Pegasus</span> 1950s British turbofan aircraft engine

The Rolls-Royce Pegasus is a British turbofan engine originally designed by Bristol Siddeley. It was manufactured by Rolls-Royce plc. The engine is not only able to power a jet aircraft forward, but also to direct thrust downwards via swivelling nozzles. Lightly loaded aircraft equipped with this engine can manoeuvre like a helicopter. In particular, they can perform vertical takeoffs and landings. In US service, the engine is designated F402.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. O. Bentley</span> English engineer (1888–1971)

Walter Owen Bentley, was an English engineer who founded Bentley Motors Limited in London. He was a motorcycle and car racer as a young man. After making a name for himself as a designer of aircraft and automobile engines, Bentley established his own firm in 1919. He built the firm into one of the world's premier luxury and performance auto manufacturers, and led the marque to multiple victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. After selling his namesake company to Rolls-Royce Limited in 1931, he was employed as a designer for Lagonda, Aston Martin, and Armstrong Siddeley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol Siddeley</span> British aero engine manufacturer

Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd (BSEL) was a British aero engine manufacturer. The company was formed in 1959 by a merger of Bristol Aero-Engines Limited and Armstrong Siddeley Motors Limited. In 1961 the company was expanded by the purchase of the de Havilland Engine Company and the engine division of Blackburn Aircraft. Bristol Siddeley was purchased by Rolls-Royce Limited in 1966.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Mamba</span> 1940s British turboprop aircraft engine

The Armstrong Siddeley Mamba was a British turboprop engine produced by Armstrong Siddeley in the late 1940s and 1950s, producing around 1,500 effective horsepower (1,100 kW).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolseley Motors</span> British motor car company 1901 - 1975

Wolseley Motors Limited was a British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in early 1901 by the Vickers Armaments in conjunction with Herbert Austin. It initially made a full range, topped by large luxury cars, and dominated the market in the Edwardian era. The Vickers brothers died and, without their guidance, Wolseley expanded rapidly after the war, manufacturing 12,000 cars in 1921, and remained the biggest motor manufacturer in Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth</span> British motor industry pioneer

John Davenport Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth, was a pioneer of the motor industry in the United Kingdom, manufacturing aero engines and airframes as well as motor vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddeley Puma</span> WW1 era inline-6 aircraft engine

The Siddeley Puma is a British aero engine developed towards the end of World War I and produced by Siddeley-Deasy. The first Puma engines left the production lines of Siddeley-Deasy in Coventry in August 1917, production continued until December 1918. In operational service, the engine was unreliable and failed to deliver its rated power. At least 4,288 of the 11,500 ordered engines were delivered, orders were cancelled following the Armistice. Production was continued under the name Armstrong Siddeley Puma when the manufacturer was bought by Armstrong Whitworth and became Armstrong Siddeley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddeley-Deasy</span> British automobile, aero engine & aircraft company

The Siddeley-Deasy Motor Car Company Limited was a British automobile, aero engine and aircraft company based in Coventry in the early 20th century. It was central to the formation, by merger and buy-out, of the later Armstrong Siddeley Motor and Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire (motor car)</span> Motor vehicle

The Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire is a large automobile which was produced by the British company, Armstrong Siddeley Motors Limited, from 1952 to 1960.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar</span> 1920s British piston aircraft engine

The Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar is an aircraft engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley. The Jaguar was a petrol-fuelled air-cooled 14-cylinder two-row radial engine design. The Jaguar III was first used in 1923, followed in 1925 by the Jaguar IV and in 1927 by the Jaguar VI. In 1925 the Jaguar became the first production aero engine incorporating a geared supercharger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolls-Royce Limited</span> 1906–1987 UK automobile and aerospace manufacturer

Rolls-Royce Limited was a British luxury car and later an aero-engine manufacturing business established in 1904 in Manchester by the partnership of Charles Rolls and Henry Royce. Building on Royce's good reputation established with his cranes, they quickly developed a reputation for superior engineering by manufacturing the "best car in the world". The business was incorporated as "Rolls-Royce Limited" in 1906, and a new factory in Derby was opened in 1908. The First World War brought the company into manufacturing aero-engines. Joint development of jet engines began in 1940, and they entered production in 1944. Rolls-Royce has since built an enduring reputation for the development and manufacturing of engines for military and commercial aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Midland Air Museum</span> Aviation museum in Baginton, Warwickshire

The Midland Air Museum (MAM) is situated just outside the village of Baginton in Warwickshire, England, and is adjacent to Coventry Airport. The museum includes the Sir Frank Whittle Jet Heritage Centre, where many exhibits are on display in a large hangar. It also has a small hangar, and a fenced-off green area where many aircraft are on display in the open.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gloster Gnatsnapper</span> Prototype British naval fighter biplane

The Gloster SS.35 Gnatsnapper was a British naval biplane fighter design of the late 1920s. Two prototypes were built but the type did not enter production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddeley Tiger</span> 1920s British piston aircraft engine

The Siddeley Tiger was an unsuccessful British aero engine developed shortly after the end of World War I by Siddeley-Deasy. Problems encountered during flight testing caused the project to be cancelled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound</span>

The Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound was a large aero engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley between 1935 and 1941. An increased capacity variant known as the Boarhound was never flown, and a related, much larger, design known as the Wolfhound existed on paper only. Development of these engines was interrupted in April 1941, when the company's factory was bombed, and on 3 October 1941 the project was cancelled by the Air Ministry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Typhoon</span> British automobile

The Armstrong Siddeley Typhoon is a two-door, four-seat fixed-head coupé automobile produced by the British company Armstrong Siddeley from 1946 until 1949. It was based on the Armstrong Siddeley Lancaster saloon and continued the company's theme of naming cars after Hawker Siddeley World War II aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolls-Royce Medway</span>

The Rolls-Royce RB.141 Medway was a large low-bypass turbofan engine designed, manufactured and tested in prototype form by Rolls-Royce in the early-1960s. The project was cancelled due to changes in market requirements that also led to the development and production of the smaller but similar Rolls-Royce Spey, and the cancellation of the Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 military transport aircraft project.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAF 4</span>

The RAF 4 is a British air-cooled, V12 engine developed for aircraft use during World War I. Based on the eight–cylinder RAF 1 it was designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory but produced by the two British companies of Daimler and Siddeley-Deasy. The RAF 5 was a pusher version of the same engine.

References

Citations

  1. "1930 - Uganda Safari by HRH Prince of Wales - Armstrong-Siddeley Saloon" . Retrieved 31 January 2022. This is a photograph of the long twenty Armstrong-Siddeley Saloon of the same style used by HRH in Uganda. It was an elegant car thought appropriate for royal use.
  2. "City Notes". The Times. No. 44569. 30 April 1927. p. 18.
  3. Lambert (1968), Chapter 6: The Austin Motor Company is formed
  4. Deasy Motor-Car Manufacturing Company (Limited). The Times, Friday, 8 November 1912; pg. 21; Issue 40051.
  5. Deasy Motor Car Manufacturing Co minute book, pp. 245 and 243. Original document held at Coventry Archives with reference PA1060/1/1.
  6. Smith (2006), p. 55.
  7. Kay & Springate (2014), p. 18.
  8. Smith (2006), p. 494.
  9. "Fluid Flywheels". Leeds Mercury Yorkshire, England. 7 March 1932. Retrieved 27 October 2022. J.A. Middleton-Joy, of Leeds, whose success in winning The Yorkshire Post Cup was announced to-day, drove a fifteen-horsepower short wheelbase Armstrong-Siddeley, which was not fitted with any special device, although has the standard Armstrong-preselect,... [Also]-Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer Yorkshire, England - 7 Mar 1932, In 1903 Mr. J.D. Siddeley asked Mr. Joy to produce an oil specially suitable for the Siddeley-Deasy cars he was then producing, and from then onwards there has been an unbroken business association between the Siddeley and [Middleton] Joy families.
  10. "motorsportmagazine". motosports. Filtrate Oils
  11. ASOC Ltd and ASCC Australia.
  12. Armstrong Siddeley Air-Cooled Diesel Engines by Sid Beck in Stationary Engine April 1992 reprinted in Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust Sphinx newsletter 49, December 2001
  13. Armstrong Siddeley Motors, Minutes of Board Meeting, 1 October 1957
  14. Armstrong Siddeley Air Cooled Diesel Engines by Tom Smith in Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust Sphinx newsletter 54, 2004
  15. Armstrong Siddeley Motors, Minutes of Board Meetings, 2 April 1958 and 28 April 1958

Bibliography

Further reading