The Kirkbride Plan was a system of mental asylum design advocated by American psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride (1809–1883) in the mid-19th century. The asylums built in the Kirkbride design,often referred to as Kirkbride Buildings,were constructed during the mid-to-late-19th century in the United States. The structural features of the hospitals as designated by Kirkbride were contingent on his theories regarding the healing of the mentally ill,in which environment and exposure to natural light and air circulation were crucial. The hospitals built according to the Kirkbride Plan would adopt various architectural styles,but had in common the "bat wing" style floor plan,housing numerous wings that sprawl outward from the center.
Bryce Hospital opened in 1861 in Tuscaloosa,Alabama,United States. It is Alabama's oldest and largest inpatient psychiatric facility. First known as the Alabama State Hospital for the Insane and later as the Alabama Insane Hospital,the building is considered an architectural model. The hospital currently houses 268 beds for acute care,treatment and rehabilitation of full-time (committed) patients. The Mary Starke Harper Geriatric Psychiatry Hospital,a separate facility on the same campus,provides an additional 100 beds for inpatient geriatric care. The main facility was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The Utica Psychiatric Center,also known as Utica State Hospital,opened in Utica on January 16,1843. It was New York's first state-run facility designed to care for the mentally ill,and one of the first such institutions in the United States. It was originally called the New York State Lunatic Asylum at Utica. The Greek Revival structure was designed by Captain William Clarke and its construction was funded by the state and by contributions from Utica residents.
The Athens Lunatic Asylum,now a mixed-use development known as The Ridges, was a Kirkbride Plan mental hospital operated in Athens,Ohio,from 1874 until 1993. During its operation,the hospital provided services to a variety of patients including Civil War veterans,children,and those declared mentally unwell. After a period of disuse the property was redeveloped by the state of Ohio. Today,The Ridges are a part of Ohio University and house the Kennedy Museum of Art as well as an auditorium and many offices,classrooms,and storage facilities.
Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital referred to both the former psychiatric hospital and the historic building that it occupied in Morris Plains,New Jersey. Built in 1876,the facility was built to alleviate overcrowding at the state's only other "lunatic asylum" located in Trenton,New Jersey. Originally built to accommodate 350 people,the facility,having been expanded several times,reached a high of over 7700 patients resulting in unprecedented overcrowding conditions. In 2008,the facility was ordered to be closed as a result of deteriorating conditions and overcrowding. A new facility was built on the large Greystone campus nearby and bears the same name as the aging facility. Despite considerable public opposition and media attention,demolition of the main Kirkbride building began in April 2014 and was completed by October 2015.
Oregon State Hospital is a public psychiatric hospital in the U.S. state of Oregon,located in the state's capital city of Salem with a smaller satellite campus in Junction City opened in 2014. Founded in 1862 and constructed in the Kirkbride Plan design in 1883,it is the oldest operating psychiatric hospital in the state of Oregon,and one of the oldest continuously operated hospitals on the West Coast.
Georgia's state mental asylum located in Milledgeville,Georgia,now known as the Central State Hospital (CSH),has been the state's largest facility for treatment of mental illness and developmental disabilities. In continuous operation since accepting its first patient in December 1842,the hospital was founded as the Georgia State Lunatic,Idiot,and Epileptic Asylum,and was also known as the Georgia State Sanitarium and Milledgeville State Hospital during its long history. By the 1960s the facility had grown into the largest mental hospital in the world. Its landmark Powell Building and the vast,abandoned 1929 Jones Building stand among some 200 buildings on two thousand acres that once housed nearly 12,000 patients.
Harrisburg State Hospital,formerly known from 1851 to 1937 as Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital,in Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,was Pennsylvania's first public facility to house the mentally ill and disabled. Its campus is located on Cameron and Maclay Streets,and operated as a mental hospital until 2006.
The Callan Park Hospital for the Insane is a heritage-listed former insane asylum,which was subsequently,for a time,used as a college campus,located in the grounds of Callan Park,an area on the shores of Iron Cove in Lilyfield,a suburb of Sydney,New South Wales,Australia. In 1915,the facility was renamed as the Callan Park Mental Hospital and,again in 1976,to Callan Park Hospital. Since 1994,the facility has been formally known as Rozelle Hospital. In April 2008,all Rozelle Hospital services and patients were transferred to Concord Hospital. The Callan Park Act,2002 (NSW) restricts future uses of the site to health,tertiary education and community uses.
Peoria State Hospital Historic District,also known as Bartonville State Hospital or Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane,was a psychiatric hospital operated by the State of Illinois from 1902 to 1973. The hospital is located in Bartonville,Illinois,near the city of Peoria in Peoria County. The hospital grounds and its 63 buildings are listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum,subsequently the Weston State Hospital,was a Kirkbride psychiatric hospital that was operated from 1864 until 1994 by the government of the U.S. state of West Virginia,in the city of Weston. Weston State Hospital got its name in 1913 which was used while patients occupied it,but was changed back to its originally commissioned,unused name,the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum,after being reopened as a tourist attraction.
Mendota Mental Health Institute (MMHI) is a public psychiatric hospital in Madison,Wisconsin,United States,operated by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission. Portions of the facility are included in the Wisconsin Memorial Hospital Historic District,District #88002183. The Mendota State Hospital Mound Group and Farwell's Point Mound Group are also located at the facility.
The Brattleboro Retreat is a private not-for-profit mental health and addictions hospital that provides comprehensive inpatient,partial hospitalization,and outpatient treatment services for children,adolescents,and adults.
Cherry Hospital is an inpatient regional referral psychiatric hospital located in Goldsboro,North Carolina,United States. As one of three psychiatric hospitals operated by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services,it provides services to 38 counties in the eastern region of North Carolina. It is part of the Division of State Operated Healthcare Facilities within the Department of Health and Human Services,which oversees and manages 14 state-operated healthcare facilities that treat adults and children with mental illness,developmental disabilities,and substance use disorders. The Division's psychiatric hospitals provide comprehensive inpatient mental health services to people with psychiatric illness who cannot be safely treated at a lower level of care.
The South Carolina State Hospital is a publicly funded state-run psychiatric hospital in Columbia,South Carolina. Founded in 1821 as the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum,it was one of the first public mental hospitals established in the United States. The Mills Building,its first building,was designed by early American architect Robert Mills,and is a National Historic Landmark. The hospital had more than 1,000 patients in 1900,but with the transition of mental health facilities to community settings,it is now much smaller,occupying a small portion of its campus,with other parts housing offices and facilities of the state's Department of Mental Health.
Medfield State Hospital,originally the Medfield Insane Asylum,is a historic former psychiatric hospital complex at 45 Hospital Road in Medfield,Massachusetts,United States. The asylum was established in 1892 as the state's first facility for dealing with chronic mental patients. The college-like campus was designed by William Pitt Wentworth and developed between 1896 and 1914. After an era dominated by asylums built using the Kirkbride Plan,Medfield Insane Asylum was the first asylum built using the new Cottage Plan layout,where instead of holding patients in cells,they would be integrated into a small community and work a specific job. It was formally renamed "Medfield State Hospital" in 1914.
The Elgin Mental Health Center is a mental health facility operated by the State of Illinois in Elgin,Illinois. Throughout its history,Elgin's mission has changed. At times,it treated mental illness,tuberculosis,and provided federally funded care for veterans. The hospital's site,which included a patient-staffed farm reached a maximum of 1,139 acres (461 ha) after World War II. Its maximum population was reached in the mid 1950s with 7,700 patients. Between 1993 and 2008,most of the older buildings in the complex were demolished due to being in poor condition as the result of being abandoned for decades. The site is/was popular among teens and in the paranormal world due to its claims of hauntings in the older buildings and the hospital's cemetery.
The Jacksonville Developmental Center was an institution for developmentally delayed clients,located in Jacksonville,Illinois. It was open from 1851 to November 2012. As of December 2012,the 134-acre (54 ha) grounds was still owned by the State of Illinois.
Whitby Falls Hospital is a former hospital for the mentally ill located in Mundijong,Western Australia. Until its closure in 2006 it was the longest operating facility in Western Australia for the care and treatment of mental illness.
Eastern State Hospital,located in Lexington,Kentucky,is the second oldest Psychiatric Hospital in the United States. It operates today as a psychiatric hospital with 239 beds providing inpatient care.
