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Chittoor | |
---|---|
City | |
Coordinates: 13°12′58″N79°05′53″E / 13.216°N 79.098°E | |
Country | India |
State | Andhra Pradesh |
Region | Rayalaseema |
District | Chittoor |
Municipality | 1917 |
Municipal corporation | 2012 |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal Corporation |
• Body | Chittoor Municipal Corporation (CMC), Chittoor Urban Development Authority(CHUDA) |
Area | |
• City | 95.97 km2 (37.05 sq mi) |
• Rank | 7th (Andhra Pradesh) |
Elevation | 333.75 m (1,094.98 ft) |
Population (2011) [1] | |
• City | 152,654 |
• Rank | 20th (Andhra Pradesh) 233 (India) |
• Density | 1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi) |
• Metro | 175,647 |
Demonym | Chitoorian |
Languages | |
• Official | Telugu |
• Regional | Telugu,Tamil [2] |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 517001, Complete Post office List [3] |
Telephone code | +91–08572 |
Vehicle registration | AP–03,AP-39 |
Website | Official website |
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division respectively. [4] The city has a population of 153,756 and that of the agglomeration is 175,647. [5]
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After Indian independence in 1947, Chittoor became a part of the erstwhile Madras State. The modern Chittoor district was formerly North Arcot district, which was established by the British in the 19th century and had Chittoor as its headquarters.[ citation needed ] On 1 April 1911, the district was split into two - Chittoor district and North Arcot district.
The district abounds in several pre-historic sites. The surface finds discovered are assigned to special stages in the progress of civilization. Paleolithic tools were discovered at Tirupathi, Sitarampeta, Ellampalle, Mekalavandlapalle and Piler. Mesolithic tools were discovered at Chinthaparthi, Moratavandlapalle, Aruvandlapalle and Tirupathi.Remains of Neolithic and ancient tools were unearthed near Bangarupalem. The existence of megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of graves at Irulabanda, Bapanatham, Valimikipuram (Vayalpadu), Sodum, Velkuru, Nyakaneri and Basinikonda.
The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pandyas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, Royal of Vijayanagara, Qutub Shahis, Mughals, Asof Jahis, Marathas, Hyder Ali and Tipu of Mysore, and the British, besides dynasties such as Cholas, Banas, Vaidumbas, Nolambas, Western Gangas, Yadavas, Matlis, Uttama Chola, Andiyaman, Siyaganga rulers, Nawabs of Kadapa and Arcot. The zamindars of Karvetinagar, Srikalahasthi, Punganur and Kangundhi also ruled over this district. [6]
Chittoor city lies on the banks of Neeva River at the southernmost part of Andhra Pradesh state. It is located on the NH 69 and NH 40 linking major metropolitan cities of Bangalore and Chennai.
It is located between the northern latitudes of 37" and 14°8" and between the eastern longitudes 78°33" and 79°55". It is bounded on the east by Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, on the south by Krishnagiri District , Vellore, Tiruvallur,Thirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu, on the west by Kolar district of Karnataka, and on the north by Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. In respect of area it takes the eighth place with an area of 15,150 square kilometers which accounts for 5.51 percent of the total area of the state. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. Chennai & Bangalore cities are located in 150 km. and 165 km. respectively from Chittoor Town. [7] Vellore is the nearest city and twin city located 30 kms across the border with Tamil Nadu.
Climate data for Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.4 (88.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 36.4 (97.5) | 40.0 (104.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 28.8 (83.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 32.8 (91.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.3 (72.2) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 24 (0.9) | 58 (2.3) | 72 (2.8) | 102 (4.0) | 115 (4.5) | 145 (5.7) | 162 (6.4) | 110 (4.3) | 54 (2.1) | 862 (33.7) |
Source: Climate-Data.org [8] |
Telugu is the official and widely spoken language. [9] Chittoor has a population of 152,654 [10] and has a sex ratio of 1002 females per 1000 males compared to the state average of 992 females, as of 2011 census. [11] The literacy rate of the city is 90.60%. [12] Chittoor was upgraded as municipal corporation in 2011. And also a large minority of Tamil people live here.
Chittoor Municipal Corporation is the civic administrative body of the city. It was constituted as a Grade–III municipality in the year 1917. It was upgraded to Grade–II in 1950, Grade–I in 1965, Special Grade in 1980 and Selection Grade in 2000. On 7 July 2012, it was upgraded to municipal corporation by merging 14 gram panchayats into the corporation and is spread over an area of 69.75 km2 (26.93 sq mi). [13]
Chittoor is the district headquarters and houses many district level government institutions.
Chittoor is predominantly an agro-market place and a major market for mango, grain, sugarcane, and peanut. Other industries include oilseed, poultry and milk. Tomato farming contributing over 20% of the State's production. Ground nut is the most major commercial crop in the district followed by sugarcane and the major horticulture crop of mangoes. 2nd largest milk-producing district with its expansive dairy industries. In the field of dairy, the district stood first in the state. The district is famous also for textile industries like that of silk with 13,000 power looms providing employment 40,000 workers. Granite industry famous for its black, pink and grey granites. [14]
The Swayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple [15] at Kanipakam is a famous Hindu temple near the city. Ardhagiri Anjaneyaswamy temple at Aragonda is another notable landmark near the city.
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state. [16] [17] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.
Engineering colleges:
Medical colleges:
Others:
Roadways
The city is well connected to major cities through national and state highways. The National Highways through Chittoor City are, National Highway 40 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kadapa and Kurnool on North and connecting Vellore and Chennai on South National Highway 69 (India) connecting Chittoor with Kolar and Bangalore on West National Highway 140 (India) connecting Chittoor with Tirupati and Nellore on East. The city has total road length of 382.30 km. [23]
Public transport
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Chittoor bus station. [24] Bus services are operated to Kuppam, Kanipakam, Tirupati, Madanapalle, Punganur, Palamaner, Piler, Puttur, Srikalahasti, Nellore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Puducherry, Kolar, Bangalore, Mysore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur, Hyderabad, Hanumakonda, Warangal, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Kakinada, Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Ongole Amaravati and also to all other major towns and cities in the Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Puducherry and Telangana states.
Railways Chittoor railway station is a National railway station in Chittoor city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on Gudur–Katpadi branch line section and is administered under Guntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. Nearest major railway junction is Katpadi Junction railway station Tamil Nadu. Just 30 km South from Chittoor city. There are direct trains daily from Chittoor to Vijayawada, Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Guntur, Tenali, Visakhapatnam, Kacheguda (Hyderabad), Bengaluru, Mysuru, Thiruvananthapuram, New Delhi to Kanyakumari HimSagar Express and weekly/biweekly/triweekly trains connect Chittoor with Mannargudi, Jammu, Katra, Tirunelveli, Mangalore, Ernakulam, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Hatia Ranchi, Santragachi (Kolkata) and Jayanthi Janata Express, etc. which run through Chittoor.
Airports
The nearest airports are:
1) Tirupati Airport at Renigunta in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, is about 80 kms North. IATA:TIR is at par with other major cities, but flights are operated in a limited fashion.
2) Chennai International Airport. IATA:MAA at Chennai is about 150 kms East
3) Kempegowda International Airport. IATA:BLR at Bangalore is about 185 Kms West
4) Kuppam Airport.
The Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (INCAP) will build Kuppam Airport at Shantipuram Mandal at an estimated cost of Rs 100 crore . [25] [26]
Chittoor city spreads over Chittoor assembly (Majority), Puthalapattu assembly (partially) and Gangadhara Nellore assembly (partially) constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. Chittoor is part of Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency).
Nara Chandrababu Naidu, also known as Chandrababu Naidu or CBN, is an Indian politician and the current leader of opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He also served as Chief Minister from 1995 to 2004 and as opposition leader from 2004 to 2014 of Andhra Pradesh. He has been the president of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) since 1995.
Rayalaseema is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, from prior to the districts reorganisation in 2022, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, YSR and Chittoor. Four new districts were created from these, namely Sri Sathya Sai, Nandyal, Annamayya and Tirupati. As of 2011 census of India, the western four districts of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and cover an area of 71,060 km2 (27,440 sq mi).
Madanapalle is the largest city in Annamayya district and Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a Selection Grade Municipal City Council. Madanapalle is headquarters of Madanapalle Mandal,Madanapalle revenue division and PKM Urban Development Authority.
Kuppam is a City in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located 115.8 kilometers south-east of Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, and 243 kilometers west of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of Kuppam mandal in the Kuppam Revenue Division. The name "Kuppam" means a meeting place or confluence.
Tirupati is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirupati district. The city is home to the important Hindu shrine of Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple and other historic temples. It is located at a distance of 150 km from Chennai, 250 km from Bangalore, 406 km from Amaravati. It is one of the eight Svayam vyakta kshetras dedicated to Vishnu. Tirupati is a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Tirupati (urban) mandal, Tirupati (rural) mandal, and the Tirupati revenue division.
Chittoor district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of 18,72,951 according to 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is located at Chittoor.
Tiruttani is a town in the Tiruvallur district, a suburb of Chennai within the Chennai Metropolitan Area, located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The town is renowned for the Tiruttani Murugan Temple, which is one of the Arupadaiveedu and is dedicated to Kartikeya (Murugan). Tiruttani was added to the Chennai Metropolitan Area in October 2022.
Sri Venkateswara University is a public state university located in Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. The university is named after Lord Venkateswara, whose shrine is located in the city.
Narayanavanam is a census town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Narayanavanam mandal in Sri Kalahasti revenue division. The town is known for Kalyana Venkateswara Temple dedicated to Lord Venkateswara and constructed in 1541 AD.
Renigunta is a neighbourhood and suburb of Tirupati located in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Tirupati urban agglomeration. Tirupati Airport is located in Renigunta. It is also one of the mandals in Tirupati district. It also falls in the jurisdictional limit of Tirupati Urban Development Authority.
Pakala is a town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Pakala mandal. It comes under Tirupati revenue division.
Tirupati Rural mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is under the administration of Tirupati revenue division and the headquarters are located at Tirupati.
Bojjala Gopalakrishna Reddy was an Indian politician from AndhraPradesh. He was one of the senior leaders of Telugu Desam Party. He served as a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly for Srikalahasti from 2009 to 2019 and from 1989 to 2004, representing the Telugu Desam Party.
Chandragiri mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tirupati revenue division and the headquarters are located at Chandragiri.
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) is a state university located at Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was established in 2005 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and focuses on veterinary studies.
Kuppam Airport is a public airport under construction at Kuppam, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The greenfield airport will be built by the Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited. The airport is to handle Passengers and cargo operations. The project site is located at Shantipuram mandal, about 25 km (16 mi) from the proposed eight-lane Chennai–Bangalore Expressway, and will be built at an estimated cost of ₹100 crore in 1,000 acres (4.0 km2).
Tirupati district is one of the eight districts of Rayalaseema region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Tirupati city. This district is known for its numerous historic temples, including the Hindu shrine of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and Sri Kalahasteeswara temple. The district is also home to Satish Dhawan Space Centre, a rocket launch centre located in Sriharikota. The river Swarnamukhi flows through Tirupati, Srikalahasti and joins the Bay of Bengal.
Pakala mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tirupati revenue division and the headquarters are located at Pakala.
Chinnagottigallu mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Tirupati revenue division with its headquarters at Chinnagottigallu.