Duke of Sutherland's Railway

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Duke of Sutherland's Railway
Overview
Locale Scotland
Dates of operation1 November 187028 July 1884
Successor Highland Railway
Technical
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)
Duke of
Sutherland's Railway
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BSicon HST.svg
Helmsdale
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West Helmsdale
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Loth
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Brora
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Dunrobin Castle
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Golspie
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The Duke of Sutherland's Railway was a railway in Sutherland, Scotland, built by the 3rd Duke of Sutherland.

Contents

The Sutherland Railway had opened in 1868, terminating at Golspie. The Duke continued the line to Helmsdale from his own resources. It opened from a Dunrobin Castle station to West Helmsdale in 1870, and for some months the Duke had it operated as a private railway. In 1871 the line was completed from Golspie to Helmsdale, and operated as a part of the Highland Railway.

It was absorbed into the Highland Railway in 1884 and continues in use today as part of the Far North Line.

Inverness to Golspie

The Duke of Sutherland's Railway in 1871 Duke of Sutherland Rly.png
The Duke of Sutherland's Railway in 1871

Interests in Inverness pressed to get a railway connection to Central Scotland and the south. The engineer Joseph Mitchell was dynamic in showing how this could be done, starting with what became the Inverness and Nairn Railway, opened in 1855. [1]

As well as eventually connecting Inverness to Aberdeen by means of the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway (with the assistance of the Great North of Scotland Railway and Perth by means of the Inverness and Perth Junction Railway, consideration was given to northward railway connections. The first step in this was the Inverness and Ross-shire Railway which opened as far as a Bonar Bridge station on 1 October 1864. [2]

Joseph Mitchell Joseph mitchell.jpg
Joseph Mitchell

Next came the Sutherland Railway which obtained Parliamentary powers to build a line from Bonar Bridge to Brora in 1865. [3] This was assisted by the commercial drive and financial resources of The Duke of Sutherland. The Duke was owner of extensive lands in Sutherland, and he harboured an interest in railways, and in developing the resources of the area for the benefit of the inhabitants.

The Sutherland Railway actually ran out of money when it reached Golspie, and was unable to continue to Brora as authorised. By now the Inverness and Ross-shire Railway had been absorbed into the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway, and it was only by the negotiating pressure of the Duke of Sutherland that the line reached Golspie. The Duke of Sutherland had a seat at Dunrobin Castle, which would have been on the Brora line, but was now not railway connected.

The Duke of Sutherland's Railway

Duke of Sutherland's Railway Act 1870
Act of Parliament
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (variant 1, 1952-2022).svg
Citation 33 & 34 Vict. c. xxxi
The Third Duke of Sutherland 3rdDukeofSutherland.jpg
The Third Duke of Sutherland

The Duke of Sutherland decided to build a line himself, and this became the Duke of Sutherland's Railway. It obtained its authorising act of Parliament (33 & 34 Vict. c. xxxi) on 20 June 1870. [4] The act authorised a 17-mile line along the coast from Golspie to Helmsdale, on the borders of Caithness, taking over the Golspie to Brora powers of the Sutherland Railway. [5]

Engineering difficulties at both ends of the line delayed the completion of the line throughout, but the section from Dunrobin to a point just short of Helmsdale was finished by the autumn of 1870. The Duke decided that the railway should be opened forthwith, and a temporary station, known as West Helmsdale, was built at Gartymore. An engine and some coaches were purchased for working the line, but since there was as yet no physical connection with the Sutherland Railway at Golspie, the stock had to be placed on wagons and hauled along the road by a traction engine. [4]

The opening ceremony was performed on 17 September 1870 by Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. As Princess Helena, she was the third daughter of Queen Victoria, and on marriage to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein she adopted the style of Princess Christian. From the date of the opening ceremony, the railway was privately operated, but after a Board of Trade inspection it was opened to the public on 1 November 1870. [6]

After the public opening, a service of two trains a day in each direction was run. On 19 June 1871 the works were completed and the railway was opened throughout, and the Highland Railway took over the working. [4] The temporary terminus at Dunrobin became a private station serving the castle, at which trains called by request to pick up or set down passengers. In 1902 the buildings were reconstructed to the designs of the estate architect.

On 28 July 1884 the Duke of Sutherland's Railway was absorbed into the Highland Railway. [7]

Locations

• Golspie; Sutherland Railway station; opened 13 April 1868; still open; • Dunrobin; opened 1 November 1870; became private station for Duke of Sutherland 19 June 1871 but public later; closed 29 November 1965; reopened for locally advertised summer excursions July 1984; formally reopened summers only, 30 June 1985; renamed Dunrobin Castle July 1984; still open; • Brora; opened 1 November 1870; still open; • Loth; opened 1 November 1870; closed 13 June 1960; • West Helmsdale; opened 1 November 1870; closed 19 June 1871; • Helmsdale; opened 17 May 1871; still open. [8]

Passengers had been picked up and set down at any point during the line's independence prior to May 1871, but this had to be sacrificed then for the benefit of having through traffic. [9]

The line today

The line is still open, being part of the Far North Line.

Narrow gauge alternative

The Times Newspaper carried a report on The Railways of the Future. A part of that was a discussion of the Double Fairlie locomotives on the Ffestiniog Railway.

The Duke of Sutherland said he wished he had known more of the Festiniog Railway six years ago. "I have expended," said His Grace, "about £200,000 in promoting and making railways in the north. Had these lines been constructed on the narrow gauge, and had they in consequence cost only two-thirds of the sum that has been expended on them, I should have obtained a direct return on this large sum which I have laid out for the benefit of my estates and of the people in those remote districts. As it is I shall suffer considerable loss." [10]

Royal visit

On 8 August 2021, Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, visited Dunrobin Castle to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the railway. [11]

Related Research Articles

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Helmsdale is a village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland council area of Scotland. The modern village was planned in 1814 to resettle communities that had been removed from the surrounding straths as part of the Highland Clearances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highland Railway</span> Former British railway company

The Highland Railway (HR) was one of the smaller British railways before the Railways Act 1921, operating north of Perth railway station in Scotland and serving the farthest north of Britain. Based in Inverness, the company was formed by merger in 1865, absorbing over 249 miles (401 km) of line. It continued to expand, reaching Wick and Thurso in the north and Kyle of Lochalsh in the west, eventually serving the counties of Caithness, Sutherland, Ross & Cromarty, Inverness, Perth, Nairn, Moray and Banff. Southward it connected with the Caledonian Railway at Stanley Junction, north of Perth, and eastward with the Great North of Scotland Railway at Boat of Garten, Elgin, Keith and Portessie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Far North Line</span> A railway line in Scotland

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brora</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Brora is a village in the east of Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golspie</span> Human settlement in Scotland

Golspie is a village and parish in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland, which lies on the North Sea coast in the shadow of Ben Bhraggie. It has a population of around 1,350.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golspie railway station</span> Railway station in Highland, Scotland

Golspie railway station is a railway station serving the village of Golspie in the Highland council area of Scotland. It is on the Far North Line, situated between Rogart and Dunrobin Castle, 84 miles 30 chains (135.8 km) from Inverness. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunrobin Castle railway station</span> Railway station in Highland, Scotland

Dunrobin Castle railway station is a railway station on the Far North Line in Scotland, serving Dunrobin Castle near the village of Golspie in the Highland council area. The station is 86 miles 22 chains (138.8 km) from Inverness, between Golspie and Brora. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brora railway station</span> Railway station in Highland, Scotland

Brora railway station is a railway station serving the small town of Brora in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, 90 miles 48 chains (145.8 km) from Inverness, between Dunrobin Castle and Helmsdale. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helmsdale railway station</span> Railway station in Highland, Scotland

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The Sutherland and Caithness Railway was a Scottish railway company that built a line from Helmsdale, the terminus of the Duke of Sutherland's Railway to Wick and Thurso in Caithness, giving the northern towns access to Inverness. It was driven through by the efforts of the 3rd Duke of Sutherland and the engineer Joseph Mitchell in the face of apathy from interests in Wick.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inverness and Nairn Railway</span> Scottish railway line

The Inverness and Nairn Railway was a railway company that operated between the burghs in the company name. It opened its line in 1855 and its passenger business was instantly successful. At first it was not connected to any other line. However it was seen as a first step towards connecting Inverness and Central Scotland, via Aberdeen and when feasible, directly southwards.

The Sutherland Railway was a railway company authorised in 1865 to build a line from Bonar Bridge station to Brora, a distance of nearly 33 miles, in the north of Scotland. This was to be continuation of a route from Inverness to Bonar Bridge that had been built by the Inverness and Ross-shire Railway; ultimately the line was extended to Thurso.

The Inverness and Ross-shire Railway was a Scottish railway company formed in 1860 to build a line from Inverness to Invergordon. It opened in 1862 as far as Dingwall and in 1863 to Invergordon. It was extended to a Bonar Bridge station in 1864. It provided the basis for later extensions that eventually reached Thurso, forming the Far North Line. The Dingwall and Skye Railway branched off at Dingwall to reach the Kyle of Lochalsh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inverness and Perth Junction Railway</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dornoch Light Railway</span> Defunct branch railway in Scotland

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Mound railway station</span> Railway station in Highland, Scotland

The Mound railway station was a former railway station on the Far North Line near the head of Loch Fleet in Scotland. For more than half of its life it was the junction for Dornoch.

The name Dunrobin was given to two Scottish steam locomotives.

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References

  1. John Thomas and David Turnock, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 15, North of Scotland, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1989, ISBN   0-946537-03-8, pages 225 and 226
  2. H E Vallance et al, The Highland Railway, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1938, extended edition 1985, ISBN   0-946537--24-0, page 30
  3. David Ross, The Highland Railway, Tempus Publishing Limited, Stroud, 2005, ISBN   0-7524-3479-9, pages 47 to 49
  4. 1 2 3 Vallance et al, pages 33, 34 and 36
  5. Donald J Grant, Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain, Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, ISBN   978-1785893-537, page 155
  6. Anne-Mary Paterson, Pioneers of the Highland Tracks: William and Murdoch Paterson, (published by) The Highland Railway Society, 2013, ISBN   978-0954548551, digital edition not paginated
  7. Vallance et al, page 40
  8. M E Quick, Railway Passenger Stations in England, Wales and Scotland: A Chronology, version 5.03, September 2021, Railway and Canal Historical Society, electronic download, alphabetically organised
  9. Inverness Courier 18 May 1871, quoted in Quick, page 527
  10. The Railways of the Future II, The Times (newspaper) 1 March 1870, page 4
  11. Dunrobin Castle Station: Prince Charles Visits Unique Scottish railway station, Scotsman (newspaper), 9 August 2021