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Ents
TREEBEARD.jpg
Treebeard and Hobbits by Tom Loback, 2007
In-universe information
Other name(s)Onodrim, Shepherds of the Trees, Tree-folk
Creation date First Age
Home world Middle-earth
Base of operations Fangorn Forest
Language Entish
Leader Treebeard

Ents are a species of sentient beings in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth who closely resemble trees; their leader is Treebeard of Fangorn forest. Their name is derived from an Old English word for "giant".

Contents

The Ents appear in The Lord of the Rings as ancient shepherds of the forest and allies of the free peoples of Middle-earth during the War of the Ring. The Ent who figures most prominently in the book is Treebeard, who is called the oldest creature in Middle-earth. At that time, there are no young Ents (Entings) because the Entwives (female Ents) were lost. Akin to Ents are Huorns, whom Treebeard describes as a transitional form of trees which become animated or, conversely, as Ents who grow more "treelike" over time.

Tolkien stated that he was disappointed by Shakespeare's handling of the coming of "Great Birnam Wood to High Dunsinane hill"; he wanted a setting in which the trees would actually go to war. Commentators have seen this as wish-fulfilment, as he disliked the damage being done to the English countryside in his lifetime. Scholars have seen his tale of the Ents as a myth, mostly without analysing it. Corey Olsen interprets the song of the Ents and the Entwives as a myth which warns of the dangers of apathetically isolating oneself in nature, whereas the Ents' song "In the willow-meads of Tasarinan" is a lament.

Inspired by Tolkien and similar traditions, animated or anthropomorphic tree creatures appear in a variety of media and works of fantasy.

Internal history

Treebeard, called by Gandalf the oldest living Ent and the oldest living thing that walks in Middle-earth, [T 1] is described as being around 14 feet (4 m) tall, "Man-like, almost Troll-like", and clad in something that might have been tree-bark, with seven toes, a bushy, "almost twiggy" beard and deep penetrating eyes. [T 2] Ents vary widely in personal traits (height, heft, colouring, even the number of digits), having come to resemble somewhat the specific types of trees that they shepherded. Quickbeam, for example, guarded rowan trees and bore some resemblance to rowans: tall and slender, smooth-skinned, with ruddy lips and grey-green hair. Some Ents, such as Treebeard, were like [T 2]

beech-trees or oaks. But there were other kinds. Some recalled the chestnut: brown-skinned Ents with large splayfingered hands, and short thick legs. Some recalled the ash: tall straight grey Ents with many-fingered hands and long legs; some the fir (the tallest Ents), and others the birch, ... and the linden. [T 2]

Like the roots of trees, but far more rapidly, Tolkien's Ents could break stone. Twisted Plumeria tree trunk overgrowing the steep stone stairs of Wat Phou temple, Champasak, Laos.jpg
Like the roots of trees, but far more rapidly, Tolkien's Ents could break stone.

Ents are somewhat treelike, with extraordinarily tough skin; they can erode stone rapidly, but are vulnerable to fire and axe-strokes. They are patient and cautious, with a long sense of time; they considered a three-day deliberation "hasty". [T 2]

Ents are tall and very strong, capable of tearing apart rock and stone when "roused". Tolkien describes them as tossing great slabs of stone about, and ripping down the walls of Isengard "like bread-crust". [T 3] Treebeard boasted of their strength to Merry and Pippin; he said that Ents were much more powerful than Trolls, which Morgoth made in the First Age in mockery of Ents, as orcs were of elves. [T 2]

First Age

Almost nothing is known of the early history of the Ents. After the Dwarves were put to sleep by Eru to await the coming of the Elves, the Vala Aulë told his wife Yavanna, "the lover of all things that grow in the earth," [T 4] of the Dwarves. She replied, "They will delve in the earth, and the things that grow and live upon the earth they will not heed. Many a tree shall feel the bite of their iron without pity." [T 5] She went to Manwë and appealed to him to protect the trees, and they realized that Ents, too, were part of the Song of Creation. Yavanna then warned Aulë, "Now let thy children beware! For there shall walk a power in the forests whose wrath they will arouse at their peril." The Ents are called "the Shepherds of the Trees". [T 5] Much later, when Beren and a force of Green Elves waylay the force of Dwarves returning from the sack of Doriath, the Dwarves are routed and scatter into the wood, where the Shepherds of the Trees ensure that none escape. [T 6] Ents did not know how to speak until the Elves taught them. Treebeard said that the Elves "cured us of dumbness", calling that a great gift that could not be forgotten. [T 2] At that time, much of Eriador was forested; Elrond stated that "a squirrel could go from tree to tree from what is now the Shire to Dunland west of Isengard." [T 7] [T 2]

Entwives

The Entwives began to move farther away from the Ents because they liked to plant and control things, while the Ents preferred forests and liked to let things take their natural course. The Entwives moved away to what became the Brown Lands across the Great River Anduin, although the male Ents still visited them. The Entwives interacted with Men and taught them the art of agriculture. The gardens of the Entwives were destroyed by Sauron, and the Entwives disappeared. It was sung by the Elves that one day the Ents and Entwives would find each other. Treebeard indeed implored the Hobbits to send word to him if they had news of the Entwives. [T 8]

Tolkien spent much time considering the fate of the Entwives, stating in Letters #144: "I think that in fact the Entwives have disappeared for good, being destroyed with their gardens in the War of the Last Alliance...some may have fled east, or even have become enslaved..." [T 9]

After Aragorn is crowned king, he promised Treebeard that the Ents could prosper again and spread to new lands with the threat of Mordor gone, and renew their search for the Entwives. Treebeard lamented that forests may spread but the Ents would not, and he predicted that the few remaining Ents would remain in Fangorn forest and dwindle or become "treeish". [T 2]

The Last March of the Ents

The Ents, angry at Saruman for cutting down their trees, convene an Entmoot. [T 2] They decide to march on Saruman's fortress at Isengard - 'the last march of the Ents'. Led by Treebeard and accompanied by the hobbits Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took, the Ents numbered about 50, plus an army of Huorns. [T 2] They destroy Isengard, tearing down the wall around it: [T 3] "If the Great Sea had risen in wrath and fallen on the hills with storm, it could have worked no greater ruin". [T 10] Saruman is trapped in the tower of Orthanc. [T 3]

Analysis

Etymology

The phrase Orthanc enta geweorc, on the second line of the Old English Maxims II manuscript, seems to have inspired Tolkien. Orthanc enta geweorc in Maxims II manuscript.jpg
The phrase Orthanc enta geweorc, on the second line of the Old English Maxims II manuscript, seems to have inspired Tolkien.

The word "Ent" is from the Old English ent or eoten, meaning "giant". Tolkien borrowed the word from a phrase in the Anglo-Saxon poems The Ruin and Maxims II , orþanc enta geweorc ("cunning work of giants"), [1] which describes Roman ruins. [T 11] [2]

In Sindarin, one of Tolkien's invented Elvish languages, the word for Ent is Onod (plural Enyd). Sindarin Onodrim means the Ents as a race. [T 12]

Improving on Shakespeare

An old, damaged oak, Savernake Forest - geograph.org.uk - 344479.jpg
Tolkien wrote that he "longed to devise a setting in which the trees might really march to war", unlike the "shabby" treatment of the story in Shakespeare's Macbeth . [T 13]
Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane. Illustration for Macbeth, 1912.jpg
Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane, in the form of branches carried by the soldiers, as described by Shakespeare.

Tolkien noted in a letter that he had created Ents in response to his "bitter disappointment and disgust from schooldays with the shabby use made in Shakespeare's Macbeth of the coming of 'Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill': I longed to devise a setting in which the trees might really march to war". [T 13] The Ents ensured victory at the Battle of Helm's Deep by herding a forest of angry, tree-like Huorns there, to destroy Saruman's army of Orcs. [T 14]

Wish-fulfilment and environmentalism

Commentators have observed that having the Ents march to war against the tree-destroyers represented a wish-fulfilment on Tolkien's part, concerned as he was with the increasing damage to the English countryside in the 20th century. [3] [4] In their book Ents, Elves, and Eriador: The Environmental Vision of J.R.R. Tolkien, Matthew T. Dickerson and Jonathan Evans see Treebeard as vocalizing a vital part of Tolkien's environmental ethic, the need to preserve and look after every kind of wild place, especially forests. [5] Corey Olsen however criticises Dickerson and Evans's use of the Ents as "mere symbols". [6]

Mythic value: song of the Ents and the Entwives

C. S. Lewis described Tolkien's tale of the Ents as a myth, "a story which has a value in itself". [7] Ruth Noel likened the Ents to Germanic legends of "huge, wild, hairy woodsprites". [8]

From the "Song of the Ents and Entwives"

Ent:

When Summer lies upon the world, and in a noon of gold
Beneath the roof of sleeping leaves the dreams of trees unfold,
When woodland halls are green and cool, and wind is in the West,
Come back to me! Come back to me, and say my land is best!

Entwife:

When Summer warms the hanging fruit and burns the berry brown;
When straw is gold, and ear is white, and harvest comes to town;
When honey spills, and apple swells, though wind be in the West,
I'll linger here beneath the Sun, because my land is best!

Olsen sees in Tolkien's song of the Ents and the Entwives, supposedly written by Elves, "compelling insights on the complexities and conflicts of life in a fallen world." [6] The song goes through the four seasons of the year, each time with a stanza by the Ent and then one by the Entwife. Olsen comments that the Ent is passive, even "languid and somnolent" in summer, the only active process being dreaming; whereas the Entwife's summer season is "simply bursting with activity". These are perhaps, Olsen reflects, not in competition; both contemplation and action are "valuable ways of celebrating natural beauty". [6] He suggests that Treebeard's view of the song is however biased, and that the Ent is not as humble as he claims to be, especially with respect to the Entwives. If the Ents and the Entwives were to be "unified", they would "balance and complete each other", but they face "moral dangers" without such balance: in the case of the Ents, the danger is of letting their life in nature "lapse into mere lassitude". He gives as examples the "apathetic isolationism" of Skinbark, who refuses to come out of his hills, and Leaflock's "somnolent oblivion", just standing in the long grass all summer doing nothing. Olsen calls it "a cautionary tale" and "tragic", quite unlike Treebeard's "In the willow-meads of Tasarinan", again covering the four seasons, but which is a lament. [6]

Anne Petty comments that the song follows traditional gender stereotypes, the Ents liking wild nature, the Entwives preferring the more domestic realm of tamed nature and gardening. [9]

Adaptations

In other media

In Peter Jackson's films The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), Treebeard is a combination of a large animatronic model and a CGI construct; he is voiced by John Rhys-Davies, who also portrays Gimli. [10] The Fall of Troy has a song entitled "The Last March of the Ents" on their self-titled debut album released in 2003. [11] Permission was granted for a statue of Treebeard by Tim Tolkien, near his great-uncle J. R. R. Tolkien's former home in Moseley, Birmingham. [12] [13]

A "treant" from World of Warcraft Treant.png
A "treant" from World of Warcraft

Ents appeared in the earliest edition of the roleplaying game Dungeons & Dragons in the 1974 white box set, where they were described as tree-like creatures able to command trees, and lawful in nature. [14] In 1975, Elan Merchandising, which owned the game license to the Tolkien estate, issued a cease-and-desist order regarding the use of the word "ent", so the Dungeons & Dragons creatures were renamed "treants". [15] [16] Heroes of Might and Magic III and V include Treants as a part of the Elven alliance; however, in Heroes of Might and Magic V, due to copyright infringement issues, their look was changed [17] between the beta phase and the retail version, making them quadrupedal. [18] The TV series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power , set in the Second Age, features Ents. [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saruman</span> Fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien

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Meriadoc Brandybuck, usually called Merry, is a Hobbit, a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, featured throughout his most famous work, The Lord of the Rings. Merry is described as one of the closest friends of Frodo Baggins, the main protagonist. Merry and his friend and cousin, Pippin, are members of the Fellowship of the Ring. They become separated from the rest of the group and spend much of The Two Towers making their own decisions. By the time of The Return of the King, Merry has enlisted in the army of Rohan as an esquire to King Théoden, in whose service he fights during the War of the Ring. After the war, he returns home, where he and Pippin lead the Scouring of the Shire, ridding it of Saruman's influence.

Peregrin Took, commonly known simply as Pippin, is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings. He is closely tied with his friend and cousin, Merry Brandybuck, and the two are together during most of the story. Pippin and Merry are introduced as a pair of young hobbits of the Shire who become ensnared in their friend Frodo Baggins's quest to destroy the One Ring. Pippin joins the Fellowship of the Ring. He and Merry become separated from the rest of the group at the breaking of the Fellowship and spend much of The Two Towers with their own story line. Impetuous and curious, Pippin enlists as a soldier in the army of Gondor and fights in the Battle of the Morannon. With the other hobbits, he returns home, helps to lead the Scouring of the Shire, and becomes Thain or hereditary leader of the land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle-earth</span> Continent in Tolkiens legendarium

Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy. The term is equivalent to the Miðgarðr of Norse mythology and Middangeard in Old English works, including Beowulf. Middle-earth is the human-inhabited world, that is, the central continent of the Earth, in Tolkien's imagined mythological past. Tolkien's most widely read works, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, are set entirely in Middle-earth. "Middle-earth" has also become a short-hand term for Tolkien's legendarium, his large body of fantasy writings, and for the entirety of his fictional world.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trees in Middle-earth</span> Trees and forests in the fictional works of J. R. R. Tolkien

Trees play multiple roles in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth, some such as Old Man Willow indeed serving as characters in the plot. Both for Tolkien personally, and in his Middle-earth writings, caring about trees really mattered. Indeed, the Tolkien scholar Matthew Dickerson wrote "It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of trees in the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien."

Environmentalism in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> Theme of environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien

The theme of environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings has been remarked upon by critics since the 1970s. The Hobbits' visions of Saruman's industrial hell of Isengard and Sauron's desolate polluted land of Mordor have been interpreted as comments on modern society, while the destruction of Isengard by the tree-giant Ents, and "The Scouring of the Shire" by the Hobbits, have a strong theme of restoration of the natural environment after such industrial pollution and degradation. However, Tolkien's love of trees and unspoilt nature is apparent throughout the novel.

J. R. R. Tolkien built a process of decline and fall in Middle-earth into both The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings.

Tolkien derived the characters, stories, places, and languages of Middle-earth from many sources. Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien was substantial, despite Tolkien's professed dislike of the playwright. Tolkien disapproved in particular of Shakespeare's devaluation of elves, and was deeply disappointed by Shakespeare's prosaic explanation of how Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane Hill in Macbeth. Tolkien was influenced especially by Macbeth and A Midsummer Night's Dream, and he used King Lear for "issues of kingship, madness, and succession". He arguably drew on several other plays, including The Merchant of Venice, Henry IV, Part 1, and Love's Labour's Lost, as well as Shakespeare's poetry, for numerous effects in his Middle-earth writings. The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey suggests that Tolkien may even have felt a kind of fellow-feeling with Shakespeare, as both men were rooted in the county of Warwickshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tolkien's moral dilemma</span> Ethical issue with Orcs in Middle-earth fiction

J. R. R. Tolkien, a devout Roman Catholic, created what he came to feel was a dilemma for himself with his supposedly evil Middle-earth peoples like Orcs, when he made them able to speak, so they were sentient and sapient, and portrayed them talking about right and wrong. This meant, he believed, that they were open to morality, like Men. In Tolkien's Christian framework, that in turn meant they must have souls, so killing them would be wrong without very good reason. Orcs serve as the principal forces of the enemy in The Lord of the Rings, where they are slaughtered in large numbers in the battles of Helm's Deep and the Pelennor Fields in particular.

References

Primary

  1. ↑ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 5: "The White Rider".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 4: "Treebeard".
  3. 1 2 3 4 Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 9: "Flotsam and Jetsam".
  4. ↑ Tolkien 1977, Valaquenta
  5. 1 2 Tolkien 1977, "Quenta Silmarillion" ch. 2: "Of Aulë and Yavanna"
  6. ↑ Tolkien 1977, "Quenta Silmarillion", ch. 22 "Of the Ruin of Doriath"
  7. ↑ Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 2: "The Council of Elrond".
  8. ↑ Tolkien 1955, book 6, ch. 6 "Many Partings"
  9. ↑ Carpenter 2023 , #144 to Naomi Mitchison , 25 April 1954
  10. ↑ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 8: "The Road to Isengard"
  11. ↑ Carpenter 2023 , #163 to W. H. Auden , 7 June 1955
  12. ↑ Tolkien 1980 Index, entries for Ent, Enyd, and Onodrim.
  13. 1 2 Carpenter 2023 , No. 163, footnote, pp. 211–212.
  14. ↑ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 7 "Helm's Deep"

Secondary

  1. 1 2 Shippey, Tom (2001). J. R. R. Tolkien – Author of the Century. Houghton Mifflin. p. 88. ISBN   978-0-618-12764-1.
  2. ↑ Shippey 2005, p. 149.
  3. ↑ Shippey 2005, p. 184.
  4. ↑ Niiler, Lucas P. (1999). "Green Reading: Tolkien, Leopold and the Land Ethic". Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts . 10 (3 (39)): 276–285. JSTOR   43308393.
  5. ↑ Dickerson & Evans 2006, pp. 119–144, 250.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Olsen, Corey (2008). "The Myth of the Ent and the Entwife". Tolkien Studies . Project MUSE. 5 (1): 39–53. doi:10.1353/tks.0.0013. ISSN   1547-3163.
  7. ↑ Lewis, C. S. (2004). "The Dethronement of Power". In Rose A. Zimbardo; Neil D. Isaacs (eds.). Understanding The Lord of the Rings . Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 11–15.
  8. ↑ Noel, Ruth S. (1977). The Mythology of Middle-earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 130.
  9. ↑ Petty, Anne (2003). Tolkien in the Land of Heroes: Discovering the Human Spirit. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Press. p. 242.
  10. ↑ Nathan, Ian (23 October 2012) [2002]. "The Making Of The Two Towers". Empire . Retrieved 28 March 2020. Treebeard will mainly be a CGI creation; this animatronic version is used for the close-ups with Hobbit actors Billy Boyd and Dominic Monaghan.
  11. ↑ "The Fall of Troy at AllMusic". AllMusic .
  12. ↑ "Moseley Statue". 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "Tolkien statue gets the go ahead". BBC News . 2 March 2007. The statue was approved by Birmingham City Council planners at a meeting on Thursday [1 March 2007] night.
  14. ↑ Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson. Dungeons & Dragons (3-Volume Set) (TSR, 1974)
  15. ↑ Witwer, Michael; Newman, Kyle; Witwer, Sam (2018). Dungeons & Dragons Art & Arcana: A Visual History. Ten Speed Press. p. 71. ISBN   978-0399580949.
  16. ↑ Gygax, Gary. "Gary Gygax (Interview)". TheOneRing.net. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
  17. ↑ "Mods and fixes". Heroes of Might and Magic. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  18. ↑ "Sylvan creatures". Heroes of Might and Magic. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  19. ↑ Skrebels, Joe (6 July 2022). "Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power - New Teaser Shows Off Ents and More". IGN . Retrieved 7 October 2022.

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