Total population | |
---|---|
c. 650 million worldwide [1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
United States | +50,000,000 [2] [3] |
Europe | +4,000,000 [4] |
Spain | 3,191,548 [5] |
France | 1,333,000 [6] [7] |
Canada | +1,000,000 [8] |
Italy | 512.857 [9] |
Japan | +345,000 [10] |
United Kingdom | 245,000 [11] |
Germany | 206.094 [12] |
Netherlands | 113.282 [13] |
Sweden | 100,115 [14] |
Portugal | ~100,000 [15] |
Australia | 93,795 [16] |
Switzerland | 89.868 [9] |
Part of a series on |
Hispanic and Latino Americans |
---|
The Latin American diaspora refers to the dispersion of Latin Americans out of their homelands in Latin America and the communities subsequently established by them across the world.
Historically, Latin Americans have migrated to African countries over the course of colonization by Spain and in the aftermath of wars. Equatorial Guinea, whose official language is Spanish, experienced an influx of Spanish migrants as it was once a Spanish colony. Some Cuban soldiers who served in the Angolan Civil War stayed in Angola afterwards. Brazilians have moved to Angola and Mozambique, former Portuguese colonies, and modern officially Portuguese-speaking nations. Nigeria, the home of the Yoruba and Igbo cultures, experienced an influx of ex-slaves from Cuba and Brazil brought there as indentured servants during the 17th century, and again during the 19th century; Equatorial Guinea received Afro-Cuban slaves. In Equatorial Guinea, they became part of the Emancipados ; in Nigeria, they were called Amaros . Despite being free to return to Cuba and Brazil when their tenure was over, they remained in these countries marrying into the local native population.
Canada and the United States are popular destinations for Latin American immigrants. The United States (including Puerto Rico) is home to more than 65.3 million Latino Americans, representing 19.5% of the US population. Meanwhile, Canada is home to over 1 million Latino residents.[ citation needed ] (These numbers are majority descendants and minority immigrants)
Over 55 million Latino Americans are residents of the United States, representing 18.3% of the US population. Latino Americans (latinos) are American citizens who are descendants of immigrants from Latin America. [17] [18] [19] More generally, it includes all persons in the United States who self-identify as Latino, whether of full or partial ancestry. [20] [21] [22] [23] For the 2010 US census, the American Community Survey, "Hispanic" or "Latino" were those who identified as one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the census or ACS questionnaire ("Mexican", "Puerto Rican", or "Cuban") as well as those who indicated that they were "other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino". The peoples of countries considered as Hispanic or Latino American groups by the Census Bureau were the following: Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The Census Bureau uses the terms Hispanic and Latino interchangeably. [24] The Census office of the United States excluded Brazilian Americans from the Hispanic and Latino American population (Brazil is part of Latin America, but Portuguese is the official language rather than Spanish). [25] [26] Other US government agencies have slightly different definitions of the term, including Brazilians and other Portuguese-speaking groups.
Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dates back to their independence from Spain and Portugal. Latin Americans in Europe are a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela.
Over 3 million Latin Americans lived in Europe, mostly in Spain, which has around 3.1 million people residents and/or citizens born in the Americas as of 2020. They represent over 6% of the population of Spain, yet less than 1% of the total population of the European Union. Portugal also has a sizable Brazilian population.
Latin Americans migrate to the European Union for the following reasons:
Mexicans [27] and Peruvians [28] have immigrated to the Philippines since Spanish colonial rule. One in three inhabitants of the Filipino island of Luzon have partial Latin American descent. [29] Furthermore, about 1.2 million citizens of Zamboanga City, Mindanao, speak Chavacano, a creole language based on Mexican Spanish. [30]
The most significant Latino diaspora in Japan is Brazilian, followed by the Peruvian and Bolivian diaspora. [31] [32] Migration of South Americans to Japan was significant after the Second World War. Peruvian, Brazilian, and Bolivian settlers in Japan are largely, but not exclusively of Japanese blood; migration of Brazilian settlers to Japan represented the largest number of Portuguese speakers in Asia, greater than those of formerly Portuguese East Timor, Macau and Goa combined. Because of common language and cultural proximity, a number of Brazilians settled Macau, others in East Timor and Goa.
Latin countries | Immigrants to Japan |
---|---|
Brazil | 185,000 |
Peru | 57,464 |
Colombia | 37,500 |
Bolivia | 6,094 |
Paraguay | 2,240 |
Mexico | 1,995 |
Chile, Colombia and El Salvador have significant diasporas in Australia. [33]
Country | Immigrants in Australia |
---|---|
Chile | 26,204 |
Colombia | 21,000 |
El Salvador | 10,563 |
The most significant Latin American diasporas in New Zealand are Brazilian, Chileans, Argentinians, Colombians, Mexicans, Uruguayans, Venezuelans, and Bolivians. [34] [35]
Latino Country | Immigrants in New Zealand |
---|---|
Brazil | 3,588 |
Chile | 2,409 |
Argentina | 1,701 |
Colombia | 1,155 |
Mexico | 741 |
Uruguay | 447 |
Venezuela | 150 |
Bolivia | 153 |
The Latin American diaspora in Easter Island is Chilean, 39% of Easter Islander population were mainland Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants) or mestizos (primarily European Chilean blood with little Indigenous mixtures, or their Easter Island-born descendants) and Easter Island-born mestizos of Chilean and Rapa Nui and/or native Chilean descent, and the remaining 1% were indigenous mainland native Chileans (or their Easter Island-born descendants).
The countries of Latin America seek to strengthen links between migrants and their states of origin, while promoting their integration in the receiving state. These Emigrant Policies focus on the rights, obligations and opportunities for participation of emigrated citizens who already live outside the borders of their country of origin. Citizens' rights are the most important policy area, followed by social policies that expand welfare functions beyond state borders. Research on Latin America shows that the extension of policies towards migrants is linked to a focus on civil rights and state benefits that can positively influence integration in recipient countries. Some states actively help their emigrated citizens to integrate into local society. Such policies can reduce the cost of integration for emigrants – and provide untapped potential for cooperation between countries of origin and destination. In addition, the tolerance of dual citizenship has spread more in Latin America than in any other region of the world. [36]
The masculine term Latino, along with its feminine form Latina, is a noun and adjective, often used in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, that most commonly refers to United States inhabitants who have cultural ties to Latin America.
Latin America are the countries and regions of the Americas where Romance languages—languages derived from Latin —are predominantly spoken. The term was coined in France in the mid-19th century to refer to regions in the Americas that were ruled by the Spanish, Portuguese, and French empires. The term does not have a precise definition, but it is "commonly used to describe South America, Central America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean." In a narrow sense, it refers to Spanish America and Brazil. The term "Latin America" is broader than Hispanic America, which specifically refers to Spanish-speaking countries; and lesser than categories such as Ibero-America, a term that refers to both Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries from Europe and Americas.
The term Hispanic refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain, Spanish language, or Hispanidad broadly. In some contexts, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an ethnic or pan-ethnic term.
The region known as Hispanic America and historically as Spanish America is all the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas. In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language - sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages or English, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Afro–Latin Americans or Black Latin Americans are Latin Americans of full or mainly sub-Saharan African ancestry.
Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Spanish and/or Latin American ancestry. These demographics include all Americans who identify as Hispanic or Latino regardless of ancestry. As of 2020, the Census Bureau estimated that there were almost 65.3 million Hispanics and Latinos living in the United States and its territories.
Latin Americans are the citizens of Latin American countries.
Asian Latin Americans are Latin Americans of Asian descent. Asian immigrants to Latin America have largely been from East Asia or West Asia. Historically, Asians in Latin America have a centuries-long history in the region, starting with Filipinos in the 16th century. The peak of Asian immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries. There are currently more than four million Asian Latin Americans, nearly 1% of Latin America's population. Chinese, Japanese, and Lebanese are the largest Asian ancestries; other major ethnic groups include Filipinos, Syrians, Indians, and Koreans. Brazil is home to the largest population of East Asian descent, estimated at 2.08 million. The country is also home to a large percentage of West Asian descendants. With as much as 5% of their population having some degree of Chinese ancestry, Peru has the highest ratio of any country for East Asian descent. Though the most recent official census, which relied on self-identification, gave a much lower percentage.
Latin American Canadians are Canadians who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America. The majority of Latin American Canadians are multilingual, primarily speaking Spanish, Portuguese, French and English. Most are fluent in one or both of Canada's two official languages, English and French. Spanish and Portuguese are Romance languages and share similarities in morphology and syntax with French.
In the United States, a Hispanic or Latino is an individual who is of full or partial Hispanic or Latino descent. Although not differentiated in the U.S. Census definition, White Latino Americans may also be defined to include those who identify as white and either originate from or have descent from not only Spanish speaking countries in Latin America but also other Romance languages other than Spanish, such as Brazil, Haiti, and French Guiana.
Hispanic and Latin American Australians refers to Australian persons who are of Hispanic, and/or Latin American origin irrespective of their ancestral backgrounds, and their descendants. Brazilian Australians make up the largest proportion of Hispanic and/or Latin American Australians, followed by Chilean Australians and Salvadoran Australians. Most Hispanic and Latin American Australians speak English but many continue to use Spanish or Portuguese as well.
Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Afro-Hispanics, Afro-Latinos or Black Hispanics, or Black Latinos are classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget, and other U.S. government agencies as Black people living in the United States with ancestry in Spain, Portugal or Latin America and/or who speak Spanish, and/or Portuguese as their first language.
European emigration is the successive emigration waves from the European continent to other continents. The origins of the various European diasporas can be traced to the people who left the European nation states or stateless ethnic communities on the European continent.
The demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans depict a population that is the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, 62 million people or 18.7% of the national population.
Hispanic and Latino are ethnonyms used to refer collectively to the inhabitants of the United States who are of Spanish or Latin American ancestry. While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, for example, by the United States Census Bureau, Hispanic includes people with ancestry from Spain and Latin American Spanish-speaking countries, while Latino includes people from Latin American countries that were formerly colonized by Spain and Portugal.
Latin American Muslims are Muslims from countries in Latin America. A survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2010 found that Muslims make up 0.1% of all of Latin America's population.
The Spanish diaspora consists of Spanish people and their descendants who emigrated from Spain. In the Americas, the term may refer to those of Spanish nationality living there; "Hispanic" is usually a more appropriate term to describe the general Spanish-speaking populations of the Americas together with those in Spain. The diaspora is concentrated in places that were part of the Spanish Empire. Countries with sizeable populations are Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil, Belize, Haiti, United States, Canada and the rest of Europe.
Hispanic and Latino Floridians are residents of the state of Florida who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2020 US Census, Latinos of any race were 26.2% of the state's population. The labels Hispanic and Latino tell us that within each community, many group themselves differently based on different "qualifications". The statistics in the PEW report show that the justification of the definition of “Hispanic” is based on Spanish language in Latin America or if a person is from Spain, while Latino is based on Latin American origin disregarding people from Brazil or Portugal. The same study presented the findings 27% preferred to identify as “Hispanic” while 18% preferred the term “Latino”. The Census Bureau has changed its framed terminology towards the question since it was first introduced in 1930 as a “Mexican Race” option and it is still changing to this day to become more inclusive and specific to each person who identifies as Hispanic and/or Latino. Latinos in Florida accounted for 5.3 million of the US Latino population. At around 28.5% of the population as of 2017, Cubans are the largest Latino group in Florida. Puerto Ricans are one of the fastest growing Latino groups in Florida, with one out of every five Latinos in the state being of Puerto Rican origin. Cubans and Puerto Ricans together make up almost half of Florida's Latino population. Other sizable Latino groups include South Americans (17.9%), Mexicans (13.5%), Central Americans (10.7%), and Dominicans (4.8%); all other Latinos make up 3.6% in total.
The history of Hispanics and Latinos in Baltimore dates back to the mid-20th century. The Hispanic and Latino community of Baltimore is the fastest growing ethnic group in the city. There is a significant Hispanic/Latino presence in many Southeast Baltimore neighborhoods, particularly Highlandtown, Upper Fell's Point, and Greektown. Overall Baltimore has a small but growing Hispanic population, primarily in the Southeast portion of the area from Fells Point to Dundalk.
Latin American migration to Europe is the diaspora of Latin Americans to the continent of Europe, dating back to the first decades of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas. Latin Americans in Europe are now a rapidly growing group consisting of immigrants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela. It may also include individuals from certain French-speaking territories depending on the definition of Latin America used.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help); El Salvador "UNdata El Salvador". UN. 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2010.; Guatemala "Demographic Information 2010". INE. 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2010.; Mexico "INEGI Datos oficiales censo de población 2010". INEGI. 12 June 2010. Archived from the original on 8 January 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.; ParaguayDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved 12 March 2009.{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help); Peru Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) del Perú INEI . Retrieved on 10 June 2010; Portugal POPULAÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL, SERVIÇO DE ESTRANGEIROS E FRONTEIRAS 2008; Spain INE, Revisión del Padrón municipal 2007. Datos a nivel nacional, comunidad autónoma y provincia. (in Spanish); INE, Notas de Prensa 2008 (in Spanish); Uruguay Central Intelligence Agency. "Uruguay". The World Factbook . Retrieved 5 January 2010.; USA (Self-identified ethnicity rather than birthplace) "Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2007". Pew Hispanic Center . Retrieved 13 April 2009.; "United States – Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360–364))". 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2010.'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of Mexican-, Puerto Rican-, Cuban, Dominican-, Central or South American, or other Spanish, culture or origin, regardless of race;
SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal.
"Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin regardless of race.