List of earthquakes in Greece

Last updated

Map of earthquakes in Greece and adjacent countries 1900-2023 Map of earthquakes in Greece 1900-2017.svg
Map of earthquakes in Greece and adjacent countries 1900–2023

This list of earthquakes in Greece includes notable earthquakes that have affected Greece during recorded history. This list is currently incomplete, representing only a fraction of the possible events.

Contents

Tectonic setting

Greece is located at the complex boundary zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The northern part of Greece lies on the Eurasian Plate while the southern part lies on the Aegean Sea Plate. The Aegean Sea Plate is moving southwestward with respect to the Eurasian Plate at about 30 mm/yr while the African Plate is subducting northwards beneath the Aegean Sea Plate at a rate of about 40 mm/yr. The northern plate boundary is a relatively diffuse divergent boundary while the southern convergent boundary forms the Hellenic arc. [1]

These two plate boundaries give rise to two contrasting tectonic styles, extension on east–west trending fault zones with strike-slip tectonics on SW-NE trending fault zones throughout west and central Greece, Peloponnese and the northern Aegean and contractional in the southern Aegean, continuing around to the Ionian islands. The south Aegean is the location of the volcanic arc and is characterised by extension. To the east of Crete along the Hellenic Arc, strike-slip tectonics with some extension become important. [1]

The strongest earthquakes historically are those associated with the Hellenic Arc, although none larger than about 7.2 have been observed instrumentally. The events of AD 365 and 1303 are likely to have been much larger than this. In mainland Greece, normal faulting gives earthquakes up to 7 in magnitude, while in the northern Aegean, strike-slip events with a magnitude of 7.2 have been recorded. Large intermediate depth (>50 km) earthquakes of magnitude >7 from within the subducting African Plate have been recorded but such events cause little damage, although they are widely felt. [1]

Earthquakes

DatePlace Lat Lon Deaths Mag. MMI CommentsSources
2022-01-09 Florina, Western Macedonia 40.84221.3765.5 Mw VIISeveral houses and buildings were damaged in Florina, while one uninhabited house collapsed in the village of Agia Paraskevi. Two people were hospitalized. [2] [3] USGS [4]
2021-10-12 Lasithi 35.19326.2566.4 Mw VIIIA chapel was destroyed following the earthquake in the village of Xerokampos. [5] USGS [6]
2021-09-27 Crete 35.25225.26016.0 Mw VIII USGS [7]
2021-03-03 Larissa 39.75522.17616.3 Mw VIII1 death [8]

3 injures

 USGS [9]
2020-12-02 Thiva 38.3323.46445.1 MwVIA cemetery was completely destroyed in the village of Kallithea, while in the same village a displacement of 6 cm was observed. [10] [11]
2020-10-30 Near Samos, Aegean Sea37.89726.7951197.0 Mw XGreece:19 people injured and 2 teenagers (15 and 17) killed.

Turkey:The earthquake injured an addition 1,034 and killed 114 people in the coastal city İzmir, Turkey. [12] [13]

USGS [14]
2020-03-21 Parga, Epirus 39.35720.6385,7MwVIIThe earthquake was particularly felt in Thesprotia and Preveza where people took to the streets, It was also felt in Ioannina, Arta, Corfu and in general in the wider area, the earthquake caused serious damage in Kanalaki. [15]

(2 injures)

USGS [16]
2019-11-27 Aegean Sea, offshore Antikythera 35.6323.216.1 MwVI Depth of focus reached 56 km, making it perceived from more than 300 km away. Some damage. [17] CNN [18]
2019-07-19 Athens 38.09523.5255.3 MwVII7 injured and material damage to buildings, the epicenter of the earthquake was 23 km northwest of Athens and the focal depth was 10 km [19] USGS [20]
2019-03-30 Galaxidi 38.36622.3945.4 MwVIIMinor damage was observed inside the buildings, while in Patras poles came out of their house [21] USGS [22]
2018-10-26 Ionian Sea, offshore Zakynthos 37.47820.566.8 MwVISea level changes were observed, prompting a local tsunami warning.USGS [23]
2017-07-21 Kos 36.5727.2726.6 Mw VII 150 people injured in Greece, 370 injured in Turkey and two deadBBC
2017-06-12 Lesbos 38.9326.3716.3 Mw IX 10+ people injured, significant damage across parts of the island
2015-11-17 Lefkada 38.6720.626.5 Mw VIII Four injured, A landslide in Egremni Beach two people dead. [24]
2014-05-24 Limnos 38.1123.6036.9 MwVIII3 deaths and 324 injuries reported in Greece, dozens of houses collapsed. [25]
2008-07-15 Dodecanese 35.9327.8116.4 MwVII
2008-06-22 Methoni, Messenia, Peloponnese 36.0021.906.0 MwVIIIThere were four foreshocks before the main event / Earthquake swarm starting 14 February [26]
2008-06-08 Peloponnese 37.9621.5326.4 MwVIII240 injured
2008-02-20 Methoni, Messenia, Peloponnese 37.9621.536.1 MwVEarthquake swarm [27]
2008-02-14 Methoni, Messenia, Peloponnese 37.9621.536.7 Mw & 6.6 MwV+Back to back seismic events in the span of two hours approximately / Minor damage / Earthquake swarm that continued throughout the year [28]
2008-01-06 Leonidio, Arcadia 6.6 Mw [29]
2006-01-08 Kythira 36.2623.4616.7-6.9 MwVIIThree injured [30]
2005-10-18 Zakynthos 6.0 MwNo injuries or damage [31]
2003-08-14 Lefkada 39216.4 MwVIII [32]
2002-01-22 Crete - Karpathos 35.5626.736.6 MwNo injuries or damage [33]
1999-09-07 Athens 38.0623.511436.0 MwIX1,600 injured / $3–4.2 billion in damage
1995-06-15 Aigio 38.4022.28266.4 Mw VIII60 injuries / $660 million in damage NGDC, [34]
1995-05-13 Kozani–Grevena 40.1521.706.6 MwVIII12-25 injured / $450 million in damage NGDC, [35]
1990-12-21 Goumenissa - Edessa 40.9222.3616.1 MwVI1 killed in Edessa/ 60 injuredUSGS [36]
1990-06-16 Preveza (regional unit) 39.120.46.0 MVI1 injured [37]
1988-10-16 Kyllini, Elis 6.0 M [38]
1986-09-13 Kalamata 37.0122.1820+6.0 Mw X 300 injured / $5 million in damage [39]
1981-12-19 Lesbos 39.0025.267.2VIII7 buildings collapsed [40]
1981-02-24 Athens - Eastern Gulf of Corinth, Halcyon Islands.38.2222.9320-226.7 MsIX500 injured / $812 million in damage / 22,554 buildings destroyed around Athens/ Local tsunami. 2 strong earthquakes followed (6.4 Ms and 6.3 Ms ) [41] [42]
1980-07-09 Almyros, Magnesia (regional unit) 39.2722.836.5VIII24 injured / 5,222 buildings completely destroyed [43]
1978-06-20 Thessaloniki 40.623.245–506.2 - 6.5 MwVIII100–220 injured [44]
1973-11-29 Palaiochora, Crete 35.1823.756.0 MwVII+ [45]
1968-02-19 Agios Efstratios, Aegean Sea 39.3725.96207.1–7.2 MwX39 injuries / Local tsunami NGDC, [46]
1967-05-01Drosopighe, Arta (regional unit) 39.4721.2596.4IX56 injured [47]
1966-10-29 Katouna, Aetolia-Acarnania 38.7821.1116.0VIII43 injured [48]
1966-09-01 Megalopolis, Greece, Arcadia 37.3922.146.0VIII24 injured [49]
1966-02-05 Kremasta (lake), Evrytania 39.0521.7516.2IX65 injured / 731 buildings collapsed [50]
1965-07-06 Erateini, Phocis 38.2722.3016.3VIII6 injured / 575 buildings collapsed [51]
1965-04-09 Kandanos, Crete 35.1324.316.1VI+ [52]
1965-04-05Apiditsa, Arcadia 37.4022.10186.1VIII17 injured / 1,426 buildings collapsed [53]
1965-03-09 Alonnisos 39.1623.8926.1IX2 injured / 1941 buildings collapsed [54]
1959-05-14Pitsidia, Crete 35.0024.726.3VIII+8 injured [55]
1957-04-25 Rhodes 36.5028.607.2VIIIIn Turkish coast there were 18 fatalities and 3,000 buildings destroyed [56]
1956-07-09 Amorgos 36.6725.957537.5 MwIXTriggered a tsunami that affected the entire Aegean Sea / 100 injuries [57]
1955-07-16 Samos - Agathonisi 37.5527.056.9VIII2 injured [58]
1955-04-19Lechonia, Magnesia (regional unit) 39.3723.0016.2VIII41 injured [59]
1954-04-30 Sofades, Karditsa (regional unit) 39.2822.2925-316.7-7.0 MwIX6,559 buildings destroyed [60] [61]
1953-10-21 Kandila, Aetolia-Acarnania 38.6020.966.3VIII [62]
1953-08-09 Cephalonia, Zakynthos 38.1820.94445–8006.4 Mw, 6.8 Mw & 7.2 MwXTwo foreshocks and one major earthquake occurred in the span of three days / 2,412 injured / The islands of Cephalonia, Zakynthos and Ithaca were leveled. From the 33,300 buildings of these three islands, 27,659 were completely destroyed [63]
1947-10-06 Messenia, Peloponnese 36.9621.6837.0IX20 injured [64]
1941-03-01 Larissa, Thessaly 39.6722.54406.3VIII100 injured / In Larissa, 10% of the city's buildings have been completely destroyed and 60% seriously damaged [65]
1938-07-20 Oropos, East Attica 38.2923.79186.0VIII107 injured / 8,000 homeless [66]
1933-04-23 Kos 36.827.374-2006.6IX–X600 injuries [67] [68]
1932-09-26 Ierissos 39.823.8161-4917.0 MsXTsunami / 669 injuries / 4,106 buildings destroyed [69]
1928-04-22 Corinth 3823206.0 MsIX3,000 homes destroyed / tsunami NGDC
1917-12-24 Nafpaktos 38.4021.706.0 VIII [70]
1914-11-27 Lefkada 38.7220.62166.3 IX Small tsunami, [71] [72]
1904-08-11 Samos 37.6626.9346.8 VIII 7 injuries / 540 buildings destroyed [73]
1902-08-11 Assiros, Thessaloniki (regional unit) 56.6 MwIX [74]
1895-05-14 Paramythia, Thesprotia 756.3 Mw46 injuries [75]
1894-04-27 Atalanti 38.6523.082556.7 Mw & 7.0 Mw XI Two earthquakes, 7 days apart / 3,783 buildings destroyed [76]
1893-05-23 Thebes 38.3123.2526.2 VIII [77]
1893-04-17 Zakynthos 6.4 IX From 4,500 buildings of the island, 2,000 were completely destroyed [78]
1889-10-13/14 Lesbos 366.7200 injuries [79]
1893-02-09 Samothrace 40.5925.5316.8 IX 10-20 injuries [80]
1886-08-27 Filiatra 37.1021.50326-6007.5 X 796 injuries / 6,000 buildings collapsed or severely damaged / 123 villages destroyed/ Tsunami NGDC, [81]
1881-04-03 Chios, Çeşme, Alaçatı 38.3026.203,5506.5-7.3 XI 7,000 injured [82]
1870-08-01 Arachova 38.4822.551176.8 VIII 380 injured / 2,000 buildings destroyed [83]
1869-12-16 Lefkada 156.4Only 20-25 houses were saved [84]
1867-03-07 Lesbos 39.226.45506.8-7.0 X 816 injured / 10,275 buildings were damaged NGDC, [85]
1867-02-04 Lixouri, Cephalonia 38.420.2200-2247.2 X 2,612 buildings collapsed NGDC, [86]
1866-01-31 Santorini 6.1 VIII The volcano of Nea Kameni erupted and began creating two islets [87]
1865-07-23 Lesbos 106.7 IX , [88] [79]
1861-12-26 Valimitika, Achaea 38.2522.16206.7 IX Tsunami wave at the Gulf of Corinth [89]
1858-02-09 Corinth 216.765 injuries [90]
1856-10-12 Rhodes, Crete 35.5265388.2 XI 638 injuries / 16,512 homes destroyed / tsunami NGDC, [91]
1853-08-18 Thebes, Greece 136.8Destroyed most of the buildings of city of Thebes NGDC, [92]
1846-06-11Messini, Messenia 306.52,500 buildings destroyed NGDC, [93] [94]
1840-10-30 Zakynthos 382112 X NGDC
1837-03-20 Hydra (island), Saronic Gulf 16.2 MwVII [95]
1829-05-05 Xanthi, Western Thrace 41.124.57.3 MwIXThe city of Xanthi was almost destroyed. Drama (X) was almost completely destroyed, as well as many villages in the municipal county. [96]
1825-01-19 Lefkada 6.5 MwX [97]
1817-08-23 Helike 6.6 Mw
1810-02-16 Crete, Heraklion 35.525.62,0007.5 MwX
1804-06-08 Patras 38.121.7106.4 MwIX [98] [99]
1752-07-29 East Thrace 41.4126.61>1007.5 MwVIIIThe cities of Havsa (IX) and Haskoy were leveled while Andrianoupolis (Edirne) and other cities of East Thrace suffered great damage. [100] [101]
1630-03-09 Crete
1481-05-03 Rhodes 36.028.030,0007.1 MsXTsunami
1303-08-08 Crete, Alexandria 35.027.0Many thousands~8IXTriggered a major tsunami; severely damaged the Lighthouse of Alexandria
Dec 856 Corinth 37.922.945,000 [102]
515 Rhodes Ambraseys states that the death toll in this nighttime event was high and that the damage was severe [103]
365-07-21 Crete, Alexandria 35.023.0Many thousands8.5+Raised part of Crete 9 metres, causing severe damage and triggering a tsunami that devastated Alexandria
226 BC Rhodes 36.4328.21Toppled the Colossus of Rhodes
426 BCSkarfeia, Euboic Gulf 38.8522.782,5507.0IXThe historian Thucydides concluded that the Malian Gulf tsunami of the same year was caused by the earthquake, the first to recognize such a link [104] [105]
464 BC Sparta 37.0822.43~20,0007.2 Ms

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 USGS (29 March 2010). "Tectonic Summary of Greece". Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  2. ↑ "Σεισμός στη Φλώρινα: "Η κατάσταση δεν είναι τόσο άσχημη – Έχουμε μικρές υλικές ζημιές" λέει ο δήμαρχος στο newsit.gr". newsit.gr (in Greek). 10 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  3. ↑ "Σεισμός στη Φλώρινα: "Φοβόμαστε πολύ", "ανησυχούμε τι θα γίνει τις επόμενες ώρες"". newsit.gr (in Greek). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "M 5.5 - 7 km NNW of Flórina, Greece". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  5. ↑ "Strong quake rattles Crete, minor damage but no casualties". Reuters. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  6. ↑ "M 6.4 - 0 km SSE of Palekastro, Greece". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "M 6.0 - 7 km NNW of Thrapsanón, Greece". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  8. ↑ Ta Nea team (8 March 2021). "Earthquake - Elassona: The old man who had been released from his home died" (in Greek). Ta Nea. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  9. ↑ "M 6.3 - 10 km WNW of Týrnavos, Greece". USGS-ANSS. USGS. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  10. ↑ "Ισχυρός σεισμός στην Θήβα-Ταρακούνησε και την Αττική". ΡΕΠΟΡΤΕΡ. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  11. ↑ "Μετατόπιση του εδάφους καταγράφηκε από τον σεισμό στην Θήβα - Έσπασαν ακόμη και τάφοι στο νεκροταφείο της περιοχής (video) | newsbreak" (in Greek). 6 December 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  12. ↑ "Turkey pulls 2 girls out of rubble three days after quake". AP NEWS. 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  13. ↑ AP (2020-11-04). "Quake toll rises to 116 in Turkey; rescuers finish searches". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  14. ↑ "M 7.0 - 14 km NE of Néon Karlovásion, Greece". US Geological Survey.
  15. ↑ "Ισχυρός σεισμός 5,6 Ρίχτερ στην Πάργα -Ζημιές σε κτίρια στο Καναλάκι | ΕΛΛΑΔΑ". iefimerida.gr (in Greek). 21 March 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  16. ↑ "M 5.7 - 14km NNE of Kanallakion, Greece". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  17. ↑ "Σεισμός Κρήτη: Ζημιές από την ισχυρή σεισμική δόνηση - Έκλεισαν προληπτικά τα σχολεία". www.newsbomb.gr. 27 November 2019.
  18. ↑ "Σεισμός 6,1 Ρίχτερ ανάμεσα σε Κρήτη και Κύθηρα - Αισθητός και στην Αθήνα". www.cnn.gr. 27 November 2019.
  19. ↑ "Athens residents flee as strong earthquake shakes Greek capital". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2019-07-19. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  20. ↑ "M 5.3 - 1km NNE of Magoula, Greece". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  21. ↑ "5.3R tremor in Galaxidi "was not the main earthquake," says Greek seismologist". Keep Talking Greece. 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  22. ↑ "M 5.3 - 7km SSW of Itea, Greece". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  23. ↑ USGS. "M 6.8 - 32km SW of Mouzaki, Greece". United States Geological Survey . Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  24. ↑ USGS. "M6.5 - 10km WSW of Nidri, Greece". United States Geological Survey.
  25. ↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  26. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Methoni 2008/6". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  27. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Methoni 20/02/2008". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.[ permanent dead link ]
  28. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Methoni 2008/2". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  29. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Leonidio 2008". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  30. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Kythira 2006". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  31. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Zakynthos 18/10/2005". E.P.P.O. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  32. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Lefkada 2003". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  33. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Crete 22/01/2002". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.[ permanent dead link ]
  34. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Aegio / Erateini 1995 (VI)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  35. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (7 March 2019). "May 13, 1995". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  36. ↑ USGS. "M 6.1 - Macedonia region". United States Geological Survey . Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  37. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Preveza 1990". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  38. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (14 December 2015). "October 16, 1988". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  39. ↑ USGS. "M6.0 - southern Greece". United States Geological Survey.
  40. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Equine 1981 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  41. ↑ NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Archived from the original on 2021-02-10. Retrieved 18 Dec 2022.
  42. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Halcyon Perachora 1981". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  43. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Salty 1980 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  44. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (24 April 2019). "June 20, 1978". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  45. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Chania - Palaiohora 1973 (VII +)". E.P.P.O. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  46. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (24 January 2018). "February 19, 1968". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  47. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Drosopigi 1967 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  48. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Katouna 1966 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  49. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Megalopolis 1966 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  50. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Kremasta 1966". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  51. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Erateini 1965 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  52. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Chania - Kandanos 1965 (VI +)". E.P.P.O. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  53. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Apiditsa 1965 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  54. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Alonnissos 1965 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  55. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Heraklion - Pitsidia 1959 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  56. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Rhodes 1957 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  57. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (15 January 2015). "July 9, 1956". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  58. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Samos - Agathonissi 1955 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  59. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Lehonia 1955 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  60. ↑ USGS. "M 6.7 - Greece". United States Geological Survey . Retrieved 2019-06-27.
  61. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Sofades 1954 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  62. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Kandila 1953 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  63. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Argostoli 1953 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  64. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Messinia 1947 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  65. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Larisa 1941 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  66. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Oropos 1938 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  67. ↑ Utsu 2002 , p. 705
  68. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (7 November 2018). "April 23, 1933". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  69. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (2 April 2014). "Ierissos 1932 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  70. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Naypaktos 1917 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  71. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Lefkada 1914 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  72. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (13 October 2016). "November 27, 1914". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  73. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Samos 1904 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  74. ↑ Ioannis Papanikolaou. "Assiros 1902 (IX)". Quaternary International. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2022.02.001. S2CID   246756405 . Retrieved 2023-03-21.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  75. ↑ paramythia-online.gr. "MAY 14, 1895: THE FATAL EARTHQUAKE OF PARAMYTHIA 03:06". paramythia-online.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  76. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Saint Konstantinos 1984 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  77. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Thebes 1893 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  78. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Zakynthos - Keri 1893 (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  79. 1 2 Michalis Stoukas (12 June 2017). "The earthquakes of Lesvos and Chios from antiquity to the present day". protothema.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
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  81. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Filiatra 1886". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  82. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Chios 1881 (XI)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  83. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "August 1, 1870". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  84. ↑ Th. Angelis. "EARTHQUAKE IN LEFKADA". lefkadapress.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  85. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Kloumidados 1867 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  86. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Lixuri 1867 (X)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  87. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Santorini 1866 (VIII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  88. ↑ George Pagoudis (13 June 2017). "6.1R cracked Lesvos". efsyn.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  89. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Corinth Gulf 1861 (Ass. Valimitika)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  90. ↑ Theofrastos Digital Library - Department of Geology. AUTH, 30 PANHELLENIOGRAPHICAL CONFERENCE 1993, iellada.gr, oasp.gr, argolikivivliothiki.gr. "ANCIENT CORINTH 9 FEBRUARY 1858-161 YEARS FROM DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKE". Ap. Sfirakis (blogger). Retrieved 2019-12-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  92. ↑ Anthi Sakka (3 October 2017). "Thebes of Boeotia: The Focal Point of Greek History (Part A)". MaxMag. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  93. ↑ Elias Bitsanis. "An earthquake that leveled Island and villages in May 1846 (Part I)". Eleftheria Online.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  94. ↑ Elias Bitsanis. "An earthquake that leveled Island and villages in May 1846 (Part II)". Eleftheria Online.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  95. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Hydra 1837 (VII)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  96. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Xanthi 1829 (Epicenter Drama)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  97. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (8 May 2017). "January 19, 1825". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  98. ↑ ΙΝΣΤΙΤΟΥΤΟ ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΕΙΣΜΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ & ΑΝΤΙΣΕΙΣΜΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΩΝ. "Ο ΣΕΙΣΜΟΣ ΑΧΑΪΑΣ - ΗΛΕΙΑΣ" (PDF). ΙΝΣΤΙΤΟΥΤΟ ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΕΙΣΜΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ & ΑΝΤΙΣΕΙΣΜΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΩΝ. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  99. ↑ Imerisia.gr/ patris.gr/ CretePlus.gr. "Αυτοί είναι οι φονικότεροι σεισμοί στην Ελλάδα- 16 Φεβρουαρίου 1810, ο σεισμός των 7,8 Ρίχτερ στο Ηράκλειο!". CretePlus.gr. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
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  102. ↑ IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) - Search Page
  103. ↑ Ambraseys, N. (2009). Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN   978-0521872928.
  104. ↑ Antonopoulos, J. (1992). "The Tsunami of 426 BC in the Maliakos Gulf, Eastern Greece". Natural Hazards. 5 (1): 83–93. Bibcode:1992NatHa...5...83A. doi:10.1007/BF00127141. S2CID   129459786.
  105. ↑ Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). "Skarfia 426 BC (IX)". E.P.P.O. Retrieved 2019-11-29.

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