List of governors of Vermont

Last updated

The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (New Hampshire being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms. [1] Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms. [2] Isaac Tichenor, Jonas Galusha, Erastus Fairbanks, and Richard A. Snelling each served non-consecutive terms, while Thomas Chittenden served non consecutive terms as Governor of the Vermont Republic. [3]

Contents

Mountain Rule

From the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates. [4]

Under the original provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of the Green Mountains and one resided on the west side. The expanded version of the rule called for the governorship and lieutenant governorship to alternate between residents of the east and west side. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likely Republican candidates for office in Vermont agreed to abide by the expanded Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long political dispute between the Proctor (conservative) and Aiken–Gibson (progressive) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election of U.S. Senators; and several active third parties, including the Progressives, the Prohibition Party, and the Local Option movement. In the 1960s, the rise of the Vermont Democratic Party and the construction of Interstate 89 also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Although I-89 is a north–south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided. [5] [6]

List of governors

Vermont Republic

The Vermont Republic declared independence from Great Britain on January 15, 1777.

Governors of the Republic of Vermont
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor
1 ThomasChittenden.png Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7] [8] 		March 13, 1778 [9]
–
October 13, 1789
(lost election) [10] 		No party 1778 Joseph Marsh
1779 Benjamin Carpenter
1780
1781 Elisha Payne
1782 Paul Spooner
1783
1784
1785
1786 Joseph Marsh
1787
1788
2 Mosesrobinson.jpg Moses Robinson
(1741–1813)
[11] 		October 13, 1789 [12]
–
October 20, 1790
(lost election) [10] 		No party 1789
3 ThomasChittenden.png Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7] [8] 		October 20, 1790 [13]
–
March 4, 1791
(became state governor) [14] 		No party 1790 Peter Olcott

State of Vermont

Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791.

Governors of the State of Vermont
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElection Lt. Governor [lower-alpha 1]
1 ThomasChittenden.png   Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
[7] [8] 		March 5, 1791 [15]
–
August 25, 1797
(died in office) [14] 		No party [16] 1791   Peter Olcott
1792
1793
1794 Jonathan Hunt
1795
1796 Paul Brigham [lower-alpha 2]
2 Paul Brigham Vermont Governor.jpg Paul Brigham
(1746–1824)
[17] [18] 		August 25, 1797 [15]
–
October 16, 1797
(did not run) [19] 		Democratic-
Republican [20] 		Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
3 Isaac Tichenor.jpg Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
[21] [22] 		October 16, 1797 [23]
–
October 9, 1807
(lost election) [10] 		Federalist [15] 1797 Paul Brigham
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
4 Israel Smith.jpg Israel Smith
(1759–1810)
[24] [25] 		October 9, 1807 [26]
–
October 14, 1808
(lost election) [10] 		Democratic-
Republican [15] 		1807
5 Isaac Tichenor.jpg Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
[21] [22] 		October 14, 1808 [27]
–
October 14, 1809
(lost election) [10] 		Federalist [15] 1808
6 Jonas Galusha.jpg Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
[28] [29] 		October 14, 1809 [30]
–
October 23, 1813
(lost election) [10] 		Democratic-
Republican [15] 		1809
1810
1811
1812
7 Martin Chittenden.jpg Martin Chittenden
(1763–1840)
[31] [32] 		October 23, 1813 [33]
–
October 14, 1815
(lost election) [10] 		Federalist [15] 1813 William Chamberlain
1814
8 Jonas Galusha.jpg Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
[28] [29] 		October 14, 1815 [34]
–
October 13, 1820
(did not run) [28] 		Democratic-
Republican [15] 		1815 Paul Brigham
1816
1817
1818
1819
9 Richard Skinner.jpg Richard Skinner
(1778–1833)
[35] [36] 		October 13, 1820 [37]
–
October 10, 1823
(did not run) [35] 		Democratic-
Republican [15] 		1820 William Cahoon
1821
1822 Aaron Leland [lower-alpha 2]
10 Cornelius P Van Ness.jpg Cornelius P. Van Ness
(1782–1852)
[38] [39] 		October 10, 1823 [40]
–
October 13, 1826
(did not run) [38] 		Democratic-
Republican [15] 		1823
1824
1825
11 Ezra Butler (Vermont Governor).jpg Ezra Butler
(1763–1838)
[41] [42] 		October 13, 1826 [43]
–
October 10, 1828
(did not run) [41] 		National
Republican [15] 		1826
1827 Henry Olin [lower-alpha 2]
12 Samuel Crafts.jpg Samuel C. Crafts
(1768–1853)
[44] [45] 		October 10, 1828 [46]
–
October 18, 1831
(did not run) [44] 		National
Republican [15] 		1828
1829
1830 Mark Richards
13 William A. Palmer.jpg William A. Palmer
(1781–1860)
[47] [48] 		October 18, 1831 [49]
–
November 2, 1835
(lost election) [lower-alpha 3] [10] 		Anti-Masonic [15] 1831 Lebbeus Egerton
1832
1833
1834
14 Silas Hemenway Jenison.jpg Silas H. Jennison
(1791–1849)
[50] [51] 		November 2, 1835 [lower-alpha 3]
–
October 18, 1841
(did not run) [50] 		Whig [lower-alpha 4] 1835 [lower-alpha 3] Acting as governor
1836 David M. Camp
1837
1838
1839
1840
15 VshPaine.JPG Charles Paine
(1799–1853)
[54] [55] 		October 18, 1841 [56]
–
October 13, 1843
(did not run) [54] 		Whig [15] 1841 Waitstill R. Ranney
1842
16 John Mattocks.jpg John Mattocks
(1777–1847)
[57] [58] 		October 13, 1843 [59]
–
October 11, 1844
(did not run) [57] 		Whig [15] 1843 Horace Eaton
17 William Slade.jpg William Slade
(1786–1859)
[60] [61] 		October 11, 1844 [62]
–
October 9, 1846
(did not run) [63] 		Whig [15] 1844
1845
18 Horace Eaton.jpg Horace Eaton
(1804–1855)
[64] [65] 		October 9, 1846 [66]
–
October 19, 1848
(did not run) [67] 		Whig [15] 1846 Leonard Sargeant
1847
19 Carlos Coolidge.gif Carlos Coolidge
(1792–1866)
[68] [69] 		October 19, 1848 [70]
–
October 12, 1850
(did not run)		 Whig [15] 1848 Robert Pierpoint
1849
20 Charles K Williams.jpg Charles K. Williams
(1782–1853)
[71] [72] 		October 12, 1850 [73]
–
October 18, 1852
(did not run) [71] 		Whig [15] 1850 Julius Converse
1851
21 Erastus Fairbanks.jpg Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
[74] [75] 		October 18, 1852 [76]
–
November 1, 1853
(lost election) [10] 		Whig [15] 1852 William C. Kittredge
22 John S Robinson.jpg John S. Robinson
(1804–1860)
[77] [78] 		November 1, 1853 [79]
–
October 13, 1854
(did not run) [77] 		Democratic [15] 1853 Jefferson P. Kidder
23 Stephen Royce.jpg Stephen Royce
(1787–1868)
[80] [81] 		October 13, 1854 [82]
–
October 10, 1856
(did not run) [83] 		Whig [84] 1854 Ryland Fletcher
Republican [84] 1855
24 Ryland Fletcher (Vermont Governor).jpg Ryland Fletcher
(1799–1885)
[85] [86] 		October 10, 1856 [87]
–
October 15, 1858
(did not run) [85] 		Republican [15] 1856 James M. Slade
1857
25 Hiland Hall.jpg Hiland Hall
(1795–1885)
[88] [89] 		October 15, 1858 [90]
–
October 12, 1860
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1858 Burnham Martin
1859
26 Erastus Fairbanks.jpg Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
[74] [75] 		October 12, 1860 [91]
–
October 22, 1861
(did not run) [74] 		Republican [15] 1860 Levi Underwood
27 Frederick Holbrook.jpg Frederick Holbrook
(1813–1909)
[92] [93] 		October 22, 1861 [94]
–
October 9, 1863
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1861
1862 Paul Dillingham
28 J. Gregory Smith.jpg J. Gregory Smith
(1818–1891)
[95] [96] 		October 9, 1863 [97]
–
October 13, 1865
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1863
1864
29 Paul Dillingham.jpg Paul Dillingham
(1799–1891)
[98] [99] 		October 13, 1865 [100]
–
October 13, 1867
(did not run) [98] 		Republican [15] 1865 Abraham B. Gardner
1866
30 John b page.jpg John B. Page
(1826–1885)
[101] [102] 		October 13, 1867 [103]
–
October 16, 1869
(did not run) [101] 		Republican [15] 1867 Stephen Thomas
1868
31 Peter T Washburn.jpg Peter T. Washburn
(1814–1870)
[104] [105] 		October 16, 1869 [106]
–
February 7, 1870
(died in office) [14] 		Republican [15] 1869 George W. Hendee
32 GeorgeWHendee.jpg George Whitman Hendee
(1832–1906)
[107] [108] 		February 7, 1870 [109]
–
October 6, 1870
(did not run) [107] [lower-alpha 5] 		Republican [15] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
33 John Wolcott Stewart.jpg John Wolcott Stewart
(1825–1915)
[110] [111] 		October 6, 1870 [112]
–
October 3, 1872
(lost nomination) [110] [lower-alpha 6] 		Republican [15] 1870 George N. Dale
34 Julius Converse.gif Julius Converse
(1798–1885)
[113] [114] 		October 3, 1872 [115]
–
October 8, 1874
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1872 Russell S. Taft
35 Asahel Peck.jpg Asahel Peck
(1803–1879)
[116] [117] 		October 8, 1874 [118]
–
October 5, 1876
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1874 Lyman G. Hinckley
36 Horace Fairbanks.jpg Horace Fairbanks
(1820–1888)
[119] [120] 		October 5, 1876 [121]
–
October 3, 1878
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1876 Redfield Proctor
37 Redfield Proctor, 37th United States Secretary of War.jpg Redfield Proctor
(1831–1908)
[122] [123] 		October 3, 1878 [124]
–
October 7, 1880
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1878 Eben Pomeroy Colton
38 Roswell Farnham.jpg Roswell Farnham
(1827–1903)
[125] [126] 		October 7, 1880 [127]
–
October 5, 1882
(did not run) [125] 		Republican [15] 1880 John L. Barstow
39 John L Barstow.gif John L. Barstow
(1832–1913)
[128] [129] 		October 5, 1882 [130]
–
October 2, 1884
(did not run) [128] 		Republican [15] 1882 Samuel E. Pingree
40 Samuel E. Pingree.jpg Samuel E. Pingree
(1832–1922)
[131] [132] 		October 2, 1884 [133]
–
October 7, 1886
(did not run) [131] 		Republican [15] 1884 Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
41 Ebenezer Jolls Ormsbee.jpg Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
(1834–1924)
[134] [135] 		October 7, 1886 [136]
–
October 4, 1888
(did not run) [134] 		Republican [15] 1886 Levi K. Fuller
42 William P. Dillingham, governor 1888-1890 (Republican).jpg William P. Dillingham
(1843–1923)
[137] [138] 		October 4, 1888 [139]
–
October 2, 1890
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1888 Urban A. Woodbury
43 Carroll Smalley Page, 1920.jpg Carroll S. Page
(1843–1925)
[140] [141] 		October 2, 1890 [142]
–
October 6, 1892
(did not run) [140] 		Republican [15] 1890 Henry A. Fletcher
44 Fuller.jpg Levi K. Fuller
(1841–1896)
[143] [144] 		October 6, 1892 [145]
–
October 4, 1894
(did not run) [143] 		Republican [15] 1892 F. Stewart Stranahan
45 Urban A Woodbury.jpg Urban A. Woodbury
(1838–1915)
[146] [147] 		October 4, 1894 [148]
–
October 8, 1896
(did not run) [146] 		Republican [15] 1894 Zophar M. Mansur
46 VshJosiahGrout.JPG Josiah Grout
(1841–1925)
[149] [150] 		October 8, 1896 [151]
–
October 6, 1898
(did not run) [149] 		Republican [15] 1896 Nelson W. Fisk
47 Edward Curtis Smith (Vermont governor).jpg Edward Curtis Smith
(1854–1935)
[152] [153] 		October 6, 1898 [154]
–
October 4, 1900
(did not run) [152] 		Republican [15] 1898 Henry C. Bates
48 William Wallace Stickney (Vermont governor).jpg William W. Stickney
(1853–1932)
[155] [156] 		October 4, 1900 [157]
–
October 3, 1902
(did not run) [155] 		Republican [15] 1900 Martin F. Allen
49 John G McCullough.jpg John G. McCullough
(1835–1915)
[158] [159] 		October 3, 1902 [160]
–
October 6, 1904
(did not run) [158] 		Republican [15] 1902 Zed S. Stanton
50 Charles J. Bell.jpg Charles J. Bell
(1845–1909)
[161] [162] 		October 6, 1904 [163]
–
October 4, 1906
(did not run) [161] 		Republican [15] 1904 Charles H. Stearns
51 Fletcher D. Proctor.jpg Fletcher D. Proctor
(1860–1911)
[164] [165] 		October 4, 1906 [166]
–
October 8, 1908
(did not run) [164] 		Republican [15] 1906 George H. Prouty
52 GeorgeProuty.jpg George H. Prouty
(1862–1918)
[167] [168] 		October 8, 1908 [169]
–
October 6, 1910
(did not run) [83] 		Republican [15] 1908 John A. Mead
53 John Abner Mead USA politician Governor Vermont-crop.jpg John A. Mead
(1841–1920)
[170] [171] 		October 6, 1910 [172]
–
October 3, 1912
(did not run) [170] 		Republican [15] 1910 Leighton P. Slack
54 Allen Miller Fletcher.jpg Allen M. Fletcher
(1853–1922)
[173] [174] 		October 3, 1912 [175]
–
January 7, 1915
(did not run) [173] 		Republican [15] 1912 Frank E. Howe
55 Charles W. Gates.jpg Charles W. Gates
(1856–1927)
[176] [177] 		January 7, 1915 [178]
–
January 4, 1917
(did not run) [176] 		Republican [15] 1914 Hale K. Darling
56 Horace French Graham.jpg Horace F. Graham
(1862–1941)
[179] [180] 		January 4, 1917 [181]
–
January 10, 1919
(did not run) [182] 		Republican [15] 1916 Roger W. Hulburd
57 Percivalclement.jpg Percival W. Clement
(1846–1927)
[183] [184] 		January 10, 1919 [185]
–
January 7, 1921
(did not run) [182] 		Republican [15] 1918 Mason S. Stone
58 James Hartness.jpg James Hartness
(1861–1934)
[186] [187] 		January 7, 1921 [188]
–
January 4, 1923
(did not run) [186] 		Republican [15] 1920 Abram W. Foote
59 RedfieldProctorjr.jpg Redfield Proctor Jr.
(1879–1957)
[189] [190] 		January 4, 1923 [191]
–
January 8, 1925
(did not run) [182] 		Republican [15] 1922 Franklin S. Billings
60 Franklin S. Billings.jpg Franklin S. Billings
(1862–1935)
[192] [193] 		January 8, 1925 [194]
–
January 6, 1927
(did not run) [192] 		Republican [15] 1924 Walter K. Farnsworth
61 John Eliakim Weeks.jpg John E. Weeks
(1853–1949)
[195] [196] 		January 6, 1927 [197]
–
January 8, 1931
(did not run) [lower-alpha 7] [182] 		Republican [15] 1926 Hollister Jackson
(died November 2, 1927)
Vacant
1928 Stanley C. Wilson
62 Stanley Calef Wilson.jpg Stanley C. Wilson
(1879–1967)
[198] [199] 		January 8, 1931 [200]
–
January 10, 1935
(did not run) [201] 		Republican [15] 1930 Benjamin Williams
1932 Charles Manley Smith
63 Charles Manley Smith 2.jpg Charles Manley Smith
(1868–1937)
[202] [203] 		January 10, 1935 [204]
–
January 7, 1937
(did not run) [202] 		Republican [15] 1934 George D. Aiken
64 GeorgeAiken-VTSEN-.jpg George Aiken
(1892–1984)
[205] [206] 		January 7, 1937 [207]
–
January 9, 1941
(did not run) [208] [lower-alpha 8] 		Republican [15] 1936 William Henry Wills
1938
65 Wm Henry Wills.jpg William Henry Wills
(1882–1946)
[209] [210] 		January 9, 1941 [211]
–
January 4, 1945
(did not run) [209] 		Republican [15] 1940 Mortimer R. Proctor
1942
66 Mortimer R. Proctor (Vermont governor).jpg Mortimer R. Proctor
(1889–1968)
[212] [213] 		January 4, 1945 [214]
–
January 9, 1947
(lost nomination) [212] 		Republican [15] 1944 Lee E. Emerson
67 Ernest W. Gibson Jr. (VT).jpg Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
(1901–1969)
[215] [216] 		January 9, 1947 [217]
–
January 16, 1950
(resigned) [lower-alpha 9] 		Republican [15] 1946
1948 Harold J. Arthur
68 Harold J. Arthur.jpg Harold J. Arthur
(1904–1971)
[218] [219] 		January 16, 1950 [220]
–
January 4, 1951
(did not run) [218] 		Republican [15] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
69 Lee Emerson Vermont 2.jpg Lee E. Emerson
(1898–1976)
[221] [222] 		January 4, 1951 [223]
–
January 6, 1955
(did not run)		 Republican [15] 1950 Joseph B. Johnson
1952
70 Joseph Blaine Johnson.jpg Joseph B. Johnson
(1893–1986)
[224] [225] 		January 6, 1955 [226]
–
January 15, 1959
(did not run)		 Republican [15] 1954 Consuelo N. Bailey
1956 Robert T. Stafford
71 Robert Stafford.jpg Robert Stafford
(1913–2006)
[227] [228] 		January 15, 1959 [229]
–
January 5, 1961
(did not run) [lower-alpha 10] 		Republican [15] 1958 Robert S. Babcock
72 F. Ray Keyser Jr. (VT).png F. Ray Keyser Jr.
(1927–2015)
[230] [231] 		January 5, 1961 [232]
–
January 10, 1963
(lost election) [10] 		Republican [15] 1960 Ralph A. Foote [lower-alpha 11]
73 Philip H. Hoff (VT).jpg Philip H. Hoff
(1924–2018)
[233] [234] 		January 10, 1963 [235]
–
January 9, 1969
(did not run) [233] 		Democratic [15] 1962
1964 John J. Daley
1966
74 Deane C. Davis (VT).png Deane C. Davis
(1900–1990)
[236] [237] 		January 9, 1969 [238]
–
January 4, 1973
(did not run)		 Republican [15] 1968 Thomas L. Hayes
1970 John S. Burgess [lower-alpha 11]
75 Thomas P. Salmon.jpg Thomas P. Salmon
(b. 1932)
[239] [240] 		January 4, 1973 [241]
–
January 6, 1977
(did not run) [239] 		Democratic [15] 1972
1974 Brian D. Burns
76 Richard A Snelling.jpg Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
[242] [243] 		January 6, 1977 [244]
–
January 10, 1985
(did not run)		 Republican [243] 1976 T. Garry Buckley
1978 Madeleine Kunin [lower-alpha 12]
1980
1982 Peter P. Smith [lower-alpha 11]
77 Madeleine Kunin (D-VT).jpg Madeleine Kunin
(b. 1933)
[245] 		January 10, 1985 [246]
–
January 10, 1991
(did not run)		 Democratic [245] 1984
1986 Howard Dean
1988
78 Richard A Snelling.jpg Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
[243] 		January 10, 1991 [247]
–
August 13, 1991
(died in office)		 Republican [243] 1990
79 Howard Dean (cropped).jpg Howard Dean
(b. 1948)
[248] 		August 13, 1991 [249]
–
January 9, 2003
(did not run)		 Democratic [248] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1992 Barbara W. Snelling [lower-alpha 11]
1994
1996 Doug Racine
1998
2000
80 Jim Douglas-2009 (cropped).jpg Jim Douglas
(b. 1951)
[250] 		January 9, 2003 [251]
–
January 6, 2011
(did not run)		 Republican [250] 2002 Brian Dubie
2004
2006
2008
81 Peter Shumlin (cropped).jpg Peter Shumlin
(b. 1956)
[252] 		January 6, 2011 [253]
–
January 5, 2017
(did not run)		 Democratic [252] 2010 Phil Scott [lower-alpha 11]
2012
2014
82 Phil Scott 2019 (cropped).jpg Phil Scott
(b. 1958)
[254] 		January 5, 2017 [255]
–
Incumbent [lower-alpha 13] 		Republican [254] 2016 David Zuckerman [lower-alpha 14]
2018
2020 Molly Gray [lower-alpha 12]
2022 David Zuckerman [lower-alpha 14]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  2. 1 2 3 Represented the Democratic-Republican Party
  3. 1 2 3 In the 1835 election, Palmer received a plurality, but not the required majority; the legislature remained deadlocked after 63 votes and the joint assembly dissolved on November 2 [53] without choosing a governor, so Lieutenant Governor Jennison acted as governor for the term. [47]
  4. ↑ Jennison represented both the Anti-Masonic and the Whig parties in 1835. [52]
  5. ↑ Republican convention delegates decided that since Washburn, from the East side of the Green Mountains, had won the nomination in 1869, the 1870 nomination should go to a candidate from the West. They also decided that though he was from the West, nominating Hendee would violate the Mountain Rule's two years in office provision, because 1870 would be the first election for a two-year term. As a result, Hendee was not a candidate.
  6. ↑ Vermont's gubernatorial terms were changed from one year to two. Stewart argued that the Mountain Rule's two-term limit on governors should allow him to serve two two-year terms. Republican convention delegates decided that the Mountain Rule limited governors to two years in office, so Stewart was not re-nominated.
  7. ↑ Weeks successfully argued that he should serve a second term in order to oversee recovery from the Great Flood of 1927. In 1930, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. [195]
  8. ↑ Aiken was instead elected to the United States Senate. [205]
  9. ↑ Gibson resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the District of Vermont. [215]
  10. ↑ Stafford was instead elected to the United States House of Representatives. [227]
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party
  12. 1 2 Represented the Democratic Party
  13. ↑ Scott's fourth term began on January 5, 2023, and will expire in January 2025.
  14. 1 2 Represented the Progressive Party

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1844 Vermont gubernatorial election</span> Vermont gubernatorial election

The 1844 Vermont gubernatorial election was held on September 3, 1844.

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Susanne Young is an American lawyer and public official who served as the Vermont Attorney General from July 5, 2022 to January 5, 2023. Young was appointed to the position by Governor Phil Scott following the resignation of T. J. Donovan and was the first woman to hold the position.

References

General
Specific
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  3. ↑ Vermont State Archives & Records Administration (2017). "State Officers: Executive Branch; Governors". SOS.Vermont.Gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  4. ↑ The Direct Primary, sos.vermont.gov
  5. ↑ "The Mountain Rule in Vermont". The New York Times. February 12, 1895. p. 7. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  6. ↑ Magazine article, Mountain Rule Revisited, by Samuel B. Hand, Vermont History Magazine, published by Vermont Historical Society, Summer/Fall 2003, pages 139 to 151
  7. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 1561.
  8. 1 2 3 "Thomas Chittenden". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  9. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. I. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 243.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Position Papers: When conviviality leads to 'conspiracy of collegiality'". Barre Montpelier Times Argus . Barre, VT. October 17, 2018 [October 24, 2004].
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  12. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 189.
  13. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 211.
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  27. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. V. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 192.
  28. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 1564–1565.
  29. 1 2 "Jonas Galusha". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  31. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1565–1566.
  32. ↑ "Martin Chittenden". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  34. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VI. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 108.
  35. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1566.
  36. ↑ "Richard Skinner". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  38. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1567.
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  41. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1567–1568.
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  44. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1568–1569.
  45. ↑ "Samuel C. Crafts". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  47. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1569–1570.
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  51. ↑ "Silas H. Jension". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  54. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1571.
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  69. ↑ "Carlos Coolidge". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  72. ↑ "Charles Kilborn Williams". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  73. ↑ "The Legislature". The Brattleboro' Eagle. October 17, 1850. p. 2. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  74. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 1576–1577.
  75. 1 2 "Erastus Fairbanks". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  78. ↑ "John Staniford Robinson". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  79. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". The Daily Journal. November 2, 1853. p. 3. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
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  83. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Mountain Rule". Rutland Herald . Rutland, VT. October 16, 1911. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
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  85. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1578–1579.
  86. ↑ "Ryland Fletcher". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  87. ↑ "General Assembly". The Vermont Patriot and State Gazette. October 17, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  88. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1579–1580.
  89. ↑ "Hiland Hall". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  90. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1858 sess., 14, accessed July 14, 2023
  91. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". The Daily Journal. October 12, 1860. p. 3. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
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  93. ↑ "Frederick Holbrook". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  94. ↑ "By Telegraph". The Burlington Free Press. October 22, 1861. p. 3. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
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  96. ↑ "John Gregory Smith". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  99. ↑ "Paul Dillingham". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  100. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1865 sess., 25, accessed July 15, 2023
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  102. ↑ "John B. Page". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  103. ↑ "From Montpelier". The Burlington Free Press. October 11, 1867. p. 3. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  104. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1583.
  105. ↑ "Peter T. Washburn". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  106. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". Vermont Christian Messenger. October 21, 1869. p. 2. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  107. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1584.
  108. ↑ "George Whitman Hendee". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  109. ↑ "Death of Governor Washburn". The St Johnsbury Times. February 11, 1870. p. 2. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  110. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1584–1585.
  111. ↑ "John Wolcott Stewart". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  113. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1585.
  114. ↑ "Julius Converse". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  116. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1586.
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  123. ↑ "Redfield Proctor Sr". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  126. ↑ "Roswell Farnham". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  127. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". Rutland Daily Herald. October 8, 1880. p. 4. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  128. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1589–1590.
  129. ↑ "John Lester Barstow". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  130. ↑ "The Legislature". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 6, 1882. p. 3. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  131. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1590–1591.
  132. ↑ "Samuel E. Pingree". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  133. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 2, 1884. p. 3. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  134. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1591.
  135. ↑ "Ebenezer Jolls Ormsbee". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  136. ↑ "From Montpelier". The Burlington Free Press. October 8, 1886. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  137. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1592.
  138. ↑ "William Paul Dillingham". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  140. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1592–1593.
  141. ↑ "Carroll Smalley Page". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  142. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". Lyndonville Journal. October 8, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  143. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1593–1594.
  144. ↑ "Levi Knight Fuller". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  145. ↑ "Gov. Fuller Now". The Burlington Free Press. October 7, 1892. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  146. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1594.
  147. ↑ "Urban Andrain Woodbury". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  148. ↑ "The Legislature". Rutland Daily Herald. October 5, 1894. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  149. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1595.
  150. ↑ "Josiah Grout". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  151. ↑ "From Woodbury to Grout". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 8, 1896. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  152. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1595–1596.
  153. ↑ "Edward Curtis Smith". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  154. ↑ "The Inauguration". Montpelier Daily Record. October 6, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  155. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1596–1597.
  156. ↑ "William W. Stickney". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  157. ↑ "Stickney Inaugurated". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 4, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  158. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1597.
  159. ↑ "John Griffith McCullough". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  160. ↑ "Inauguration Day". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 3, 1902. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  161. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1598.
  162. ↑ "Charles James Bell". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  163. ↑ "Inaugural Day". St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 6, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  164. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1598–1599.
  165. ↑ "Fletcher Dutton Proctor". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  166. ↑ "Inauguration". The Burlington Free Press. October 5, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  167. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1599–1600.
  168. ↑ "George Prouty". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  169. ↑ "Gov. G. H. Prouty Takes Oath of Office". Bennington Banner. October 8, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  170. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1600–1601.
  171. ↑ "John Abner Mead". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  172. ↑ "John A. Mead Inaugurated As Governor". The Barre Daily Times. October 6, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  173. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1601.
  174. ↑ "Allen M. Fletcher". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  175. ↑ "State Changes Its Governor". Burlington Daily News. October 3, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  176. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1602.
  177. ↑ "Charles W. Gates". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  178. ↑ "Gates Takes Oath; Fletcher's Talk Fairly Bristles". The Barre Daily Times. January 7, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  179. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1602–1603.
  180. ↑ "Horace French Graham". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  181. ↑ "Governor Graham Outlines New Method for Economy". St. Albans Daily Messenger. January 4, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  182. 1 2 3 4 Slayton, Tom (March 2, 1980). "End of Vermont's Old 'Mountain Rule' Helped Doom GOP's Poitical Monopoly". Rutland Herald . Rutland, VT. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  183. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1603–1604.
  184. ↑ "Percival W. Clement". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  185. ↑ "Governor Takes Oath of Office". Burlington Daily News. January 10, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  186. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1604–1605.
  187. ↑ "James Hartness". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  188. ↑ "James Hartness Is Inaugurated Governor of State". The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  189. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1605–1606.
  190. ↑ "Redfield Proctor Jr". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  191. ↑ "Proctor Takes Oath of Office; Declares for State Budget Based on Expected Income". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  192. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1606.
  193. ↑ "Franklin Swift Billings". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  194. ↑ "Franklin S. Billings Is Inaugurated 63rd Governor of Vermont". The Burlington Free Press. January 9, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  195. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1606–1607.
  196. ↑ "John Eliakim Weeks". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  197. ↑ "John E. Weeks Sworn As State's 64th Governor". The Burlington Free Press. January 7, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  198. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1607–1608.
  199. ↑ "Stanley Calef Wilson". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  200. ↑ "Stanley C. Wilson of Chelsea Is Inducted Into Office As Governor of Vermont". The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. January 9, 1931. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  201. ↑ "Gov. Wilson Says He Is Not A Candidate "At This Time" For Re-Election Or For Congress". Rutland Herald . Rutland, VT. July 19, 1934. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  202. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1608–1609.
  203. ↑ "Charles Manley Smith". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  204. ↑ "Gov. Charles M. Smith Inaugurated in Customary Dignified Ceremony in the Hall of Representatives". The Burlington Free Press. January 11, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  205. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1609.
  206. ↑ "George D. Aiken". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  207. ↑ "Gov. Aiken's Inaugural Raps Connecticut River Storage Dam Projects". The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1937. p. 16. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  208. ↑ "Young Gibson To Succeed His Father". Bennington Banner . Bennington, VT. June 25, 1940. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  209. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1610.
  210. ↑ "William H. Wills". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  211. ↑ "Inaugural Crowd of 1000 Hears Gov. Wills Call for Industrial Expansion Program in State". Rutland Daily Herald. January 10, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  212. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1610–1611.
  213. ↑ "Mortimer R. Proctor". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  214. ↑ "Proctor Is Inaugurated Governor, Pledging to Further Strengthen and Revitalize State of Vermont". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  215. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1611–1612.
  216. ↑ "Ernest William Gibson". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  217. ↑ "Ernest W. Gibson Becomes State's 65th Governor, Advocates Some Sweeping Changes in Gov't". The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  218. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1612–1613.
  219. ↑ "Harold John Arthur". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  220. ↑ "Gov. Arthur in Inaugural Address Says He Will Be a Candidate for 2nd Term". The Burlington Free Press. January 17, 1950. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  221. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1613.
  222. ↑ "Lee Emerson". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  223. ↑ "Gov. Emerson's Inaugural Message Urges Revision of 4 Major State Depts". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  224. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1614.
  225. ↑ "Joseph Blaine Johnson". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  226. ↑ "Legislators and Visitors in Reception Line Greeting Vermont's Governor Johnson". The Bennington Evening Banner. January 7, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  227. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1614–1615.
  228. ↑ "Robert T. Stafford". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  229. ↑ "Stafford Inaugurated; Outlines Broad Program". Rutland Daily Herald. January 16, 1959. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  230. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1615–1616.
  231. ↑ "F. Ray Keyser". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  232. ↑ "Youngest Governor Begins His Term in State House". Burlington Daily News. United Press International. January 6, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  233. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1616.
  234. ↑ "Philip Henderson Hoff". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  235. ↑ "Philip Hoff Takes Office As 71st Vermont Governor". Addison County Independent. January 18, 1963. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  236. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1617.
  237. ↑ "Deane C. Davis". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  238. ↑ "Family Watches As Davis Takes Oath As Governor". The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1969. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  239. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1617–1618.
  240. ↑ "Thomas P. Salmon". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  241. ↑ "Vermont's Leadership Changes". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1973. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  242. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1618–1619.
  243. 1 2 3 4 "Richard A. Snelling". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  244. ↑ Conte, Christopher (January 7, 1977). "It Was a Day of Shock and Ceremony for the Legislature". Rutland Daily Herald. p. 7. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  245. 1 2 "Madeleine M. Kunin". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  246. ↑ Hoffman, Jack (January 11, 1985). "Gov. Madeleine Kunin Begins Her Historic Term". Rutland Daily Herald. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  247. ↑ Allen, Susan (January 11, 1991). "Snelling Optimistic Amid Grim Budget Warnings". The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  248. 1 2 "Howard Dean". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  249. ↑ Liley, Betsy (August 14, 1991). "Democrat Dean Takes Top Post". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  250. 1 2 "Jim Douglas". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  251. ↑ Remsen, Nancy (January 10, 2003). "Douglas Takes Reins of Vt. Government". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  252. 1 2 "Peter Shumlin". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  253. ↑ Hallenbeck, Terri (January 7, 2011). "State's 81st Governor Inaugurated; Democrat Lays Out Bold Agenda". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  254. 1 2 "Phil Scott". National Governors Association . Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  255. ↑ Goswami, Neal P. (January 6, 2017). "New Governor Vows to Make Vt. Affordable". Rutland Daily Herald. p. A1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
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