List of names for cannabis

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Cannabis has many different names, including more than 1,200 slang terms, and more than 2,300 names for individual strains. [1] Additionally, there are many names to describe the state of being under the influence of the substance. [2] This list is not exhaustive; it includes well-attested names.

Contents

The first recorded name for cannabis is the Chinese 麻 (má), which is prehistoric.[ citation needed ]

Formal names

Ganja, a common English synonym for marijuana written in graffiti in Spain Graffiti streetart rastafari.png
Ganja , a common English synonym for marijuana written in graffiti in Spain
NameAbout
al-quinnab / al-quinnamForms used in Al-Andalus, including but not limited to: al-quinnab, al-qinnab al-barrī, qinnab al-barrīyya, al-qinnab al-hindī, al-qinnab al-bustānī, qinnab rūmī [3] [4]
"ang" or "an"A Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Semitic root from which the words for cannabis in "all modern languages" derive, per Alphonse de Candolle. [5]
"kan-"The proto-Kartvelian stem for hemp. It is more recent than the proto-Indo-European stem. [6]
"san-" and "kan-" or "gan-"The Proto-Indo-European stem for hemp/cannabis sativa, "san-" and "kan-" or "gan-", existed prior to the 5th century (400 CE). [6] Differently, "k(h)an-" indicates singing/making a sound. [7] : 415 
भांग (bhang) Hindi, [8] sixteenth century, from Sanskrit "bhaṅgáḥ", "bhaṅgā" (see below). [9] Also recorded as Persian. [5]

Garcia de Orta recorded the name as "bangue", [10] as did Jan Huyghen van Linschoten. [11] Used in British English, it can also be spelt "bang", and retains much of the original meaning. In American English it may refer to hemp or a tea made from hemp that is either drunk or smoked. [9]

The Bhangmeter, a type of radiometer, is named as a pun on "Bhang". [12]

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of bhang at Wiktionary.

bhaṅgāAn ancient Sanskrit name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [8]
bhangi Swahili. [13]

Note: Bhangi is also a Hindi term for a person who uses bhang. [14]

cáñamo Spanish, [15] from Greek "kánnabos" and Andalusi Romance "quinnam". [16] Originally, also poetically used to refer to objects made of hemp. [17]

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of cáñamo at Wiktionary.

canapa Italian; [18] an 1894 Italian botany study of the plant notes the word has the same etymology as the French "chanvre". [19]

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of canapa at Wiktionary.

cannabis

Latin. [20]

English botanical name. [21] Assigned in the mid-eighteenth century, cannabis and hemp describe the entire cannabis plant for all its uses. Dried preparations of the plant are also called ganja , one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for marijuana. [22] [23] [21]

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of cannabis at Wiktionary.

cần sa Vietnamese. [24]
Chamba Chichewa. [25]
Chanvre French; [8] Alphonse de Candolle, the first authority on cultivated plants, [26] wrote that like all other modern terms for cannabis, "chanvre" ultimately derives from proto-Indo-European "ang". [5]

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of chanvre at Wiktionary.

चरस (Charas) Hindi. [8]
Dagga Afrikaans [27] and English. [21]
Diamba Kimbundu. [28] [29]
Esrar Turkish. [30]
ගංජා (Gaṁjā) Sinhala. [29]
Gandia Mauritius. [31]
Ganja Hindi [8] [22] [32] or Bengali. [5]
గంజాయి (Gan̄jāyi) Telugu. [29]
GañjikāAn ancient Sanskrit name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [8]
Grifa Mexican Spanish. [33]
Hanf German. [8]
Hamp Danish. [34]
Hampa Swedish. [34]
Hamppu Finnish. [35]
Hashish Arabic. [36] Also "assis", per Jan Huyghen van Linschoten. [11]

Alphonse de Candolle described hashish as an "environmental material"; he included the Egyptians of the 18th century primarily cultivating cannabis for hashish in his list of places where the plant (which he primarily saw as a textile producer) was not popular. [5]

Hemp English, name for cannabis plant. [8] [22]
Hennep Dutch. [37]
HursīnīAn ancient Sanskrit name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [8]
Injaga Rwanda. [38]
Kanas Celtic. [5]
കഞ്ചാവ് (Kañcāv) Malayalam; [29] from the Dravidian root "kan" (eye), which can also refer to nipples, star on a peacock's tail, and buds. [7] : 450 
Kaņepes Latvian. [39]
កញ្ឆា (Kanhchhea) Khmer. [29]
Kan-jac Panamanian Spanish. [40]
Kάνναβις (Kánnabis)An ancient Greek name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [41]
กัญชา (Kạỵchā) Thai. [42]
Kenevir Turkish. [43]
قنب (Kinnab or Quinnab)An ancient Arabic name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [8] May also have been spelt "Cannab". [5]
Konopí Czech. [44]
Konopie Polish. [45]
Конопля (Konoplya) Russian; [46] derives from proto-Indo-European or proto-Kartvelian. [6]
KunnabuAn ancient Akkadian name originating before the 5th century (400 CE). [47]
麻 (Má)Má, a Chinese name for hemp, predates written history and has been used to describe medical marijuana since at least 2700 BCE. It is the earliest recorded name. [48] [49] Hemp is recorded in the Book of Documents . [5] [26]
Ma-kaña Bantu. [50]
Maconha Portuguese. [51]
Marijuana Americanized Mexican Spanish. [2] [52] The term has a complex etymology, derived from western Central African slaves [53] (notably, the Kimbundu word riamba/mariamba) transformed through Caribbean and South American influences info mariguana, later marihuana and marijuana. [54]
Mbanje Shona. [55]
Pakalolo Hawaiian. [56]
Pango Portuguese. [29]
Potiguaya Spanish. [22]
삼 (Sam-gwa) Korean. [57]
Šedenegi / šahdānaŷFrom Persian origins, meaning approximately "the King of Grains" / "the Sultan of all seeds"; used to refer to seeded tops of cannabis and hemp plants in the Mediterranean region and particularly Al-Andalus. [3] Also found as šahrānaŷ, šahdanaq, šādānaq, sedeneghi, shedenegi. [16] [4]
Siddhi Bengali. [8]
ירוק (Yarok)

ירק (Yerek)

Yerok is literal translation for the color green and Yerek is literal translation for the word vegetables in Hebrew. [58]

Strains, cultivation and preparation

Three strain varieties at a recreational dispensary in Denver, Colorado Cannabis dispensary strains.jpg
Three strain varieties at a recreational dispensary in Denver, Colorado

Commercial cannabis growers and retailers have given individual strains more than 2,300 names. [59] A 2022 study in PLOS One, drawing data from almost 90,000 samples from six US states, representing the largest quantitative chemical mapping of commercial dispensary-grade cannabis flower samples to date, found that “commercial labels do not consistently align with the observed chemical diversity.” In other words, many strain names do not necessarily reflect the actual cannabinoid content or its perceived effects. [60]

NameAbout
AK-47 Industry trade name for sativa-dominant hybrid strain. It may be named after an AK-47 assault rifle due to its gunpowder smell and potency, [61] or because the letters "AK" are the initials of the breeder and 47 is the number of days from planting to harvest. [62]
Acapulco Gold Traditional heirloom strain of cannabis [63] named for its location of origin (Acapulco) and typical color. [64]
AfghaniTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
AfricanTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
AmnesiaIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Amnesia HazeIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [59]
Bhang Hindi (see above). Traditionally refers to the leaves of hemp plants, or to a traditional Indian cannabis leaves tea preparation. [21]

Bhang is culturally significant in India, and is not technically banned, as the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, specifically does not outlaw using seeds and leaves of the cannabis plant, of which the common tea drink is made. Bhang (referring to cannabis in general) can also be acquired medically. [65] [66] The narcotics act does not list bhang/cannabis, instead documenting both charas and ganja (as cannabis plant products) separately; [66] in the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, cannabis leaves are not included in the definition of cannabis for Indian legal purposes. [67]

BlueberryIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [59]
Blueberry DieselIndustry trade name for indica-dominant hybrid strain, a mix of Blueberry and Sour Diesel strains, its name is also a combination of theirs. [68]
Blue Dream Industry trade name for sativa-dominant hybrid strain. [59]
Blue GooIndustry trade name for sativa-dominant hybrid strain, a mix of Blue Dream and Agoo, a combination of which gives it its name. [59] [69]
Bruce BannerIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [70]
Bubba KushIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
BubblegumIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Bud English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21] [71]
Budder English, from bud and butter . Industry trade name for cannabis extract. [72]
Cambodian redTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
Cannabinoid A class of active compounds identified in cannabis. [73]
CannabisSee above
Cannabis edible English. Food product with cannabis content.[ citation needed ]
Cannabis indica Latin. Putative plant varieties or sub-varieties of cannabis. [74]
Cannabis ruderalis
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis tea English. Tea infused with cannabis. [75]
Charas Hindi. Traditional resin made from live cannabis plant. [21]
Charlotte's Web Industry trade name for cannabis sativa strain. [70]
Cola English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21] [71]
ColombianTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
Concentrate English. Industry trade name for cannabis extract. [72]
Critical MassIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Durban PoisonIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Extract English. Wax product. [76]
Feral cannabis or feral hempWild cannabis strain. [77]
Flower English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21]
Girl Scout CookiesIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [70]
Gorilla GlueIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [59]
Grape ApeIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [70]
Hashish Arabic. Traditional resin made from dead cannabis plant. [36]
Hash oil Arabic, English. Oil extract of hashish. [36]
HawaiianTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
HazeIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Hemp English. Plant from which cannabis is derived. [20]
Hindu KushIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Jack HererIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [59]
Jamaican goldTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
Kief Moroccan Arabic. Loose cannabis trichomes. [21]
Leaf English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21]
Live resin English. Industry trade name for cannabis extract. [78]
Matanuska Thunderfuck (MTF) Industry trade name for sativa-dominant cannabis strain. [79]
Maui WauiIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [59]
Mexican redTraditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
Northern LightsIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [59]
OG KushIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Orange Bud Skunk
Panama red Traditional heirloom strain of cannabis. [21]
Paonia PurpleIndustry trade name for cannabis indica strain. [80] [81]
Pineapple ExpressIndustry trade name for cannabis strain.[ citation needed ]
Platinum OG Industry trade name for cannabis indica strain. [59]
Purple HazeIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63] [59]
Resin English. Part of a cannabis flower. [71]
Root English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21]
Seed English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21]
Shatter English. Industry trade name for cannabis extract. [75]
SkunkIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Sour Diesel Industry trade name for cannabis sativa strain. [63] [59]
Stem English. Part of a cannabis plant. [21]
Strawberry CoughIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [63]
Super Lemon Haze Industry trade name for cannabis sativa strain. [82]
Terpene English. Part of a cannabis flower. [73] [83]
Thai stick

Traditional heirloom strain of cannabis, [21] [63] and method of preparation. [84] The strain is a high quality bud originating in northeast Thailand, where it was grown by hill tribes since antiquity. The name comes from a traditional Thai method of preparing cannabis to be smoked, which involved wrapping cannabis bud around a stick. [84] The stick was either bamboo or a hemp stalk, the bud may have been treated with hash oil before wrapping and would have been wrapped around the stick with fan leaves and/or silk string. The stick was then cured underground, and may be dipped in opium before smoking. [84] [85] The Thai stick cigars used Thai bud Cannabis sativa, which also became known as Thai stick. When the original Thai sticks were popular, dealers would sell any buds bound in string or to a stick under the name. Most of the original bud was destroyed in the 1970s when the Thai government began its war on drugs. Making Thai stick-style cannacigars out of other strains continued around the world, [84] [85] though the Thai government legalized medical cannabis again in 2018. [86]

Tincture English. Alcohol cannabis product. [87]
Tochigishiro Industry trade name for non-narcotic cannabis sativa strain. [88] It originates in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, with the modern variety produced in Tochigi-shi. [89] [90] [91]
Trichome English. Part of a cannabis flower. [71]
Wax English. Industry trade name for cannabis extract. [75]
White RussianHybrid cannabis strain. It is a mix of AK-47 and White Widow, of which its name is also a combination (AK-47 is Russian) and a pun on the alcoholic drink White Russian. [92]
White Widow Industry trade name for hybrid cannabis strain. [63] [59]
Willie NelsonIndustry trade name for cannabis strain. [59]
ZazaSlang term for cannabis, popularized via hip-hop music and internet culture. [93]

Medical cannabis: chemical compounds and pharmaceutical drugs

Advertisement for "Cannabis Americana" medical cannabis CannabisAmericana JLHopkins B.jpg
Advertisement for "Cannabis Americana" medical cannabis
NameAbout
Cannabinoid The general class of the therapeutic compounds found in cannabis.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)Main psychoactive compound isolated from cannabis. [73]
Cannabidiol (CBD)Compound isolated from cannabis (non psychoactive). [73]
Cannabinol (CBN)Compound isolated from cannabis (mildly psychoactive).[ citation needed ]
Cannabigerol (CBG)Compound isolated from cannabis (non psychoactive).
Cannabidivarin (CBDV)Compound isolated from cannabis (non psychoactive).
Dronabinol Synthesized D9-THC (psychoactive).
Nabilone Synthetic cannabinoid, THC analogue (psychoactive).[ citation needed ]
Nabiximols Cannabis extract and botanical drug, CBD and THC combination (psychoactive).[ citation needed ]

Formal terms relating to cannabis consumption

NameAbout
Appetite Effect of consuming cannabis. [75]
Drink Method of consuming cannabis. [75]
Edible Method of consuming cannabis. [94]
Smoke Method of consuming cannabis. [94]
Topical Method of consuming cannabis. [95]
Vapor Method of consuming cannabis. [96]

Slang names and terms

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Cannabis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Alternatively, C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa, all three may be treated as subspecies of C. sativa, or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species. The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legality of cannabis</span> Legal status of cannabis by country

The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and how it can be consumed and what medical conditions it can be used for. These policies in most countries are regulated by three United Nations treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Cannabis was reclassified in 2020 to a Schedule I-only drug under the Single Convention treaty, with the schedules from strictest to least being IV, I, II, and III. As a Schedule I drug under the treaty, countries can allow the medical use of cannabis but it is considered to be an addictive drug with a serious risk of abuse.

<i>High Times</i> American magazine

High Times is an American monthly magazine that advocates the legalization of cannabis as well as other counterculture ideas. The magazine was founded in 1974 by Tom Forcade. The magazine had its own book publishing division, High Times Books, and its own record label, High Times Records.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hemp</span> Low-THC cannabis plant

Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a plant in the botanical class of Cannabis sativa cultivars grown specifically for industrial and consumable use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants on Earth. It was also one of the first plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis (drug)</span> Psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant

Cannabis, also known as marijuana or weed among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various traditional medicines for centuries. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, which is one of the 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis and religion</span> Entheogenic use of marijuana

Different religions have varying stances on the use of cannabis, historically and presently. In ancient history some religions used cannabis as an entheogen, particularly in the Indian subcontinent where the tradition continues on a more limited basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal history of cannabis in the United States</span>

In the United States, increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state, including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis culture</span> Culture relating to cannabis

Cannabis culture describes a social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon cannabis consumption, particularly as an entheogen, recreational drug and medicine.

<i>Cannabis</i> strain Pure or hybrid varieties of cannabis

Cannabis strains are either pure or hybrid varieties of the plant genus Cannabis, which encompasses the species C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis.

Malawian cannabis, particularly the strain known as Malawi Gold, is internationally renowned as one of the finest sativa strains from Africa. According to a World Bank report it is among "the best and finest" marijuana strains in the world, generally regarded as one of the most potent psychoactive pure African sativas. The popularity of this variety has led to such a profound increase in marijuana tourism and economic profit in Malawi that Malawi Gold is listed as one of the three "Big C's" in Malawian exports: chambo, chombe (tea), and chamba (cannabis).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autoflowering cannabis</span> Form of cannabis cultivation

Autoflowering cannabis or day neutral cannabis varieties automatically switch from vegetative growth to the flowering stage based on age, as opposed to the ratio of light to dark hours required with photoperiod dependent/short-day strains. Many autoflowering varieties are ready to harvest in less than 10 weeks from seed. Dwarf varieties can have short stature while still giving decent harvests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charlotte's Web (cannabis)</span> Strain of medical marijuana

Charlotte's Web is a brand of high-cannabidiol (CBD), low-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products derived from industrial hemp and marketed as dietary supplements and cosmetics under federal law of the United States. It is produced by Charlotte's Web, Inc. in Colorado. Hemp-derived products do not induce the psychoactive "high" typically associated with recreational marijuana strains that are high in THC. Charlotte's Web hemp-derived products contain less than 0.3% THC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in India</span> Overview of the use and culture of cannabis in India

Cannabis in India has been known to be used at least as early as 2000 BCE. In Indian society, common terms for cannabis preparations include charas (resin), ganja (flower), and bhang, with Indian drinks such as bhang lassi and bhang thandai made from bhang being one of the most common legal uses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Texas</span> Overview of the use and culture of cannabis in Texas, U.S.

Cannabis in Texas is illegal for recreational use. Possession of up to two ounces is a class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in prison and a fine of up to $2000. Several of the state's major municipalities have enacted reforms to apply lesser penalties or limit enforcement, however.

Cannabis in South Africa has been decriminalized for personal adult consumption in private by the Constitutional Court of South Africa. However, laws still prohibit its use outside of one's private dwelling as well as the buying and selling of cannabis. Regulations prohibiting the purchase of cannabis-containing products remain in effect, raising questions about the enforceability of the ruling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Japan</span> Use of cannabis in Japan

Cannabis has been cultivated in Japan since the Jōmon period of Japanese prehistory approximately six to ten thousand years ago. As one of the earliest cultivated plants in Japan, cannabis hemp was an important source of plant fiber used to produce clothing, cordage, and items for Shinto rituals, among numerous other uses. Hemp remained ubiquitous for its fabric and as a foodstuff for much of Japanese history, before cotton emerged as the country's primary fiber crop amid industrialization during the Meiji period. Following the conclusion of the Second World War and subsequent occupation of Japan, a prohibition on cannabis possession and production was enacted with the passing of the Cannabis Control Law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Thailand</span> Use of cannabis in Thailand

In Thailand, cannabis, known by the name Ganja has recently had new laws passed through. Cannabis that has less than 0.2% THC, referred to as industrial hemp in USA, was legalised on 9 June 2022. Medicinal cannabis, with no THC restrictions, was made legal in 2018 but required patients to obtain a prescription from a medical practitioner. Recreational cannabis is still illegal according to Thai law.

The list includes and details significant events that occurred in the global history of national-level implementations of, or changes made to, laws surrounding the use, sale, or production of the psychoactive drug cannabis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glossary of cannabis terms</span>

Terms related to cannabis include:

References

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