Solar eclipse of March 20, 2015

Last updated
Solar eclipse of March 20, 2015
20th March 2015 total solar eclipse cropped.jpg
From Longyearbyen, Svalbard
SE2015Mar20T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.9454
Magnitude 1.0445
Maximum eclipse
Duration167 s (2 min 47 s)
Coordinates 64°24′N6°36′W / 64.4°N 6.6°W / 64.4; -6.6
Max. width of band463 km (288 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse9:46:47
References
Saros 120 (61 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9541

A total solar eclipse occurred on March 20, 2015. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with a partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. This total solar eclipse is notable in that the path of totality passed over the North Pole. Totality was visible in the Faroe Islands and Svalbard.

Contents

It had a magnitude of 1.0445. The longest duration of totality was 2 minutes and 47 seconds off the coast of the Faroe Islands. It was the last total solar eclipse visible in Europe until the eclipse of August 12, 2026. [1]

The track of totality passed across the North Atlantic and into the Arctic Ocean.

Event

The solar eclipse began at 08:30 GMT in northwest Europe, and moved towards the northeast, but was still in northern Europe. It was most visible from the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, northern Norway and Murmansk Oblast. The shadow began its pass off the south coast of Greenland. It then moved to the northeast, passing between Iceland and the United Kingdom before moving over the Faroe Islands and the northernmost islands of Norway. The shadow of the eclipse was visible in varying degrees all over Europe. [2] For example, London experienced an 86.8% partial solar eclipse while points north of the Faroe Islands in the Norwegian Sea saw a complete solar eclipse. [3] Three chartered airliners flew above the clouds, giving passengers a slightly prolonged view. [4]

The eclipse was observed at radio frequencies at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland, where a partial eclipse was seen. [5] The eclipse was also observed by meteorological satellite Meteosat-10. [6] [7]

Impact

The European Union has a solar power output of about 90 gigawatts and production could have been temporarily decreased by up to 34 GW of that dependent on the clarity of the sky. In actuality the dip was less than expected, with a 13 GW drop in Germany happening due to overcast skies. [8] [9] This was the first time that an eclipse had a significant impact on the power system, and the electricity sector took measures to mitigate the impact. The power gradient (change in power) may be −400 MW/minute and +700 MW/minute. Places in Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark were 80-85% obscured. [10] [11] [12] The temperature drops varied greatly across Europe, with most areas having an insignificant drop in temperature due to the overcast weather, while others, like Scotland, Wales, and Iceland received a drop of 2-4°C. These areas were not obscured by cloud cover during the eclipse which may have led to the drop in temperature. Wind speed in the UK dropped by ~9%. [13]

Coincidence of events

In addition to the eclipse, 20 March 2015 was also the day of the March equinox (also known as the spring or vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere). In addition, six supermoons were expected for 2015. The supermoon on 20 March 2015 was the third of the year; however, it was a new moon (near side facing away from the sun), and only its shadow was visible. [14]

At greatest eclipse, the Sun was at its zenith less than 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of the Equator. Greatest eclipse occurred at 09:45:39 UTC of Friday, March 20, 2015 while March Equinox occurred at 22:45:09 UTC, just under 13 hours after the greatest eclipse (Greatest eclipse occurred in winter, 13 hours before spring).

Religious Significance

Proponents of the Blood Moon Prophecy, such as Bob O'Dell [15] also pointed out that 20 March 2015 was also a significant day on the Jewish and Biblical calendar. That evening was the onset of the Hebrew month of Nisan, the first month in the Biblical calendar year. Furthermore, the path of the total eclipse over the North Pole [16] was a highly symbolic location infusing the day with both great natural significance and profound religious meaning according to O'Dell. Due to the significance of the eclipse, a global prayer event in Jerusalem was organized that day. [17]

Eclipse visibility

The event was visible as a partial eclipse all across Europe including: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, [18] Ireland, [19] Portugal, France, [20] Germany, [21] Poland, [22] Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Montenegro, Finland, Western Russia, and Ukraine.

Simulation

SE2015Mar20T.gif Animation solar eclipse of March 20, 2015.gif

Eclipses of 2015

Solar eclipses descending node 2015-2018

Lunar eclipses

A total lunar eclipse followed on April 4, 2015, visible over Australia, and the Pacific coast of Asia and North America. [23]

Solar eclipses 2015–2018

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [24]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2015 to 2018
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
120
Total solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 by Damien Deltenre (licensed for free use). (32844461616).jpg
Longyearbyen, Svalbard		 2015 March 20
SE2015Mar20T.png
Total		0.94536125
Double Photobomb (21389400576).jpg
Solar Dynamics Observatory
2015 September 13
SE2015Sep13P.png
Partial (south)		−1.10039
130
Total Solar Eclipse, 9 March 2016, from Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.JPG
Balikpapan, Indonesia		 2016 March 9
SE2016Mar09T.png
Total		0.26092135
Eclipse 20160901 center.jpg
L'Étang-Salé, Réunion		 2016 September 1
SE2016Sep01A.png
Annular		−0.33301
140
26-feb-2017 solar ecipse.jpg
Partial from Buenos Aires 		2017 February 26
SE2017Feb26A.png
Annular		−0.45780145
Solar eclipse, Miles Landing 8-21-17 (36842678271).jpg
Casper, Wyoming 		2017 August 21
Solar eclipse global visibility 2017Aug21T.png
Total		0.43671
150
Eclipse Solar Parcial - 15.02.2018 - Olivos, GBA (Argentina).jpg
Partial from Olivos, Buenos Aires 		2018 February 15
SE2018Feb15P.png
Partial (south)		−1.21163155
2018.08.11 1214Z C8F6 Solar Eclipse (43976490201).jpg
Partial from Huittinen, Finland		 2018 August 11
SE2018Aug11P.png
Partial (north)		1.14758

Partial solar eclipses on July 13, 2018, and January 6, 2019, occur during the next semester series.

Saros series

This eclipse is a part of Saros cycle 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 71 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD, and reached an annular eclipse on August 11, 1059. It was a hybrid event for 3 dates: May 8, 1510, through May 29, 1546, and total eclipses from June 8, 1564, through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. The longest duration of totality was 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s descending node.

Series members 55–65 occur between 1901 and 2100
555657
SE1907Jan14T.png
January 14, 1907 		SE1925Jan24T.png
January 24, 1925 		SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
585960
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961 		SE1979Feb26T.png
February 26, 1979 		SE1997Mar09T.png
March 9, 1997
616263
SE2015Mar20T.png
March 20, 2015 		SE2033Mar30T.png
March 30, 2033 		SE2051Apr11P.png
April 11, 2051
6465
SE2069Apr21P.png
April 21, 2069 		SE2087May02P.png
May 2, 2087

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between June 1, 2011 and June 1, 2087
May 31 – June 1March 19–20January 5–6October 24–25August 12–13
118120122124126
SE2011Jun01P.png
June 1, 2011 		SE2015Mar20T.png
March 20, 2015 		SE2019Jan06P.png
January 6, 2019 		SE2022Oct25P.png
October 25, 2022 		SE2026Aug12T.png
August 12, 2026
128130132134136
SE2030Jun01A.png
June 1, 2030 		SE2034Mar20T.png
March 20, 2034 		SE2038Jan05A.png
January 5, 2038 		SE2041Oct25A.png
October 25, 2041 		SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
138140142144146
SE2049May31A.png
May 31, 2049 		SE2053Mar20A.png
March 20, 2053 		SE2057Jan05T.png
January 5, 2057 		SE2060Oct24A.png
October 24, 2060 		SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
148150152154156
SE2068May31T.png
May 31, 2068 		SE2072Mar19P.png
March 19, 2072 		SE2076Jan06T.png
January 6, 2076 		SE2079Oct24A.png
October 24, 2079 		SE2083Aug13P.png
August 13, 2083
158160162164166
SE2087Jun01P.png
June 1, 2087 		SE2098Oct24P.png
October 24, 2098

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References

  1. ↑ F. Espenak & Xavier Jubier. "NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of 2026 August 12" . Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  2. ↑ "Solar eclipse 2015 live: Britain to plunge into morning twilight as Moon blocks out Sun". Daily Telegraph. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Solar Eclipse: live updates". Guardian. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  4. ↑ Rao, Joe (20 March 2015). "Flight to Totality: How I Chased the Total Solar Eclipse of 2015 on a Jet". space.com . Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  5. ↑ "Solar eclipse as seen by a radio telescope". 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  6. ↑ "EUMETSAT case study". 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "Meteosat-10 video of the eclipse". YouTube . 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  8. ↑ Eckert, Vera (20 March 2015). "European power grids keep lights on through solar eclipse". reuters.com.
  9. ↑ Solar Eclipse March 2015 Policy Brief European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity , 15 July 2015
  10. ↑ "Solar Eclipse 2015 – Impact Analysis" pp3+6+7+13 . European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity , 19 February 2015. Accessed: 4 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "Curve of potential power loss". ing.dk. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "Total Solar Eclipse on March 20, 2015: Path Map and Times". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
  13. ↑ Hanna, Edward; Penman, John; Jónsson, Trausti; Bigg, Grant R.; Björnsson, Halldór; Sjúrðarson, Sølvi; Hansen, Mads A.; Cappelen, John; Bryant, Robert G. (2016-09-28). "Meteorological effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015: analysis of UK Met Office automatic weather station data and comparison with automatic weather station data from the Faroes and Iceland". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 374 (2077): 20150212. Bibcode:2016RSPTA.37450212H. doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0212. ISSN   1364-503X. PMC   5004046 . PMID   27550769.
  14. ↑ McClure, Bruce (8 March 2015). "In 2015, first of six supermoons comes on January 20". EarthSky. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  15. ↑ Weisz, Tuly (12 March 2015). "Passover Blood Moon Preceded by Exceedingly Rare Solar Eclipse". breakingisraelnews.com.
  16. ↑ Borschel-Dan, Amanda (19 March 2015). "Solar eclipse Friday has some looking for signs from God". Times of Israel.
  17. ↑ Weisz, Tuly (22 March 2015). "Blood Moon Enthusiasts Show Total Enthusiasm for Jerusalem's Partial Eclipse". breakingisraelnews.com.
  18. ↑ Webb, Jonathan; Amos, Jonathan (20 March 2015). "'Breathtaking' solar eclipse witnessed by millions". BBC News.
  19. ↑ Ahlstrom, Dick; Siggins, Lorna (20 March 2015). "Solar eclipse 2015: Brief glimpses as clouds hide spectacle". Irish Times.
  20. ↑ "Thick cloud hides solar eclipse in France". thelocal.fr. 20 March 2015.
  21. ↑ "Partial solar eclipse over Germany". www.mpg.de. 20 March 2015.
  22. ↑ "Solar eclipse over Poland". thenews.pl. 20 March 2015.
  23. ↑ 2015 Apr 04 chart: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak , NASA / GSFC
  24. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.

Bibliography

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