3C 438

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3C 438
3C 438 NVAS 4.91I0.38 LAIN 1982MAR11 1 100.U53.7S.jpg
3C 438 in radiowaves by the Very Large Array
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 21h 55m 52.324s [1]
Declination +38° 00′ 28.51″ [1]
Redshift 0.290 [2]
Distance 1,113 megaparsecs (3,630  Mly) h −1
0.73 [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)19.20 [2]
Characteristics
Type SyG, AGN, X, G, QSO [1]
G, FR II, Sy [2]
Other designations
LEDA 2817736, 3C 438, 4C 37.63

3C 438 is a Seyfert galaxy and Fanaroff and Riley class II radio galaxy [1] [2] located in the constellation Cygnus. The radio galaxy has two lobes and there is a radio jet leading to the south lobe, which also has a prominent double hot spot. [3] There is age variation across the lobes. [4]

3C 438 is a member of a galaxy cluster and three galaxies are located close to it, the closest one being 4 arcseconds to the northeast. [5] The galaxy cluster has been found when observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory to have hot intergalactic gas, with a temperature of about 11 KeV, which when discovered in 2007 was the highest ever found, slightly hotter than the Bullet Cluster. [6] The high temperature is the result of the merger of two galaxy clusters, as the relative movement of one subcluster has created a bow shock in the hot gas. [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Query : 3C 438". Simbad. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "NED results for object 3C 438". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  3. ↑ Hardcastle, M. J.; Alexander, P.; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M. (11 July 1997). "High-resolution observations at 3.6 cm of seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 288 (4): 859–890. doi:10.1093/mnras/288.4.859.
  4. ↑ Harwood, Jeremy J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Croston, Judith H. (21 December 2015). "Spectral ageing in the lobes of cluster-centre FR II radio galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 3403–3422. arXiv: 1509.06757 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2194 .
  5. ↑ Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near‐Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 164 (2): 307–333. arXiv: astro-ph/0603239 . Bibcode:2006ApJS..164..307M. doi:10.1086/504480. S2CID   118882508.
  6. ↑ Kraft, R. P.; Forman, W. R.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P. E. J. (1 August 2007). "The Disturbed 17 keV Cluster Associated with the Radio Galaxy 3C 438". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): L83–L86. arXiv: 0706.4014 . Bibcode:2007ApJ...664L..83K. doi:10.1086/520955. S2CID   17918659.
  7. ↑ Emery, Deanna L.; Bogdán, Ákos; Kraft, Ralph P.; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Forman, William R.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Jones, Christine (10 January 2017). "A spectacular bow shock in the 11 keV galaxy cluster around 3C 438". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 159. arXiv: 1611.03489 . Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..159E. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/159 .


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