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In computing, touch is a command used to update the access date and/or modification date of a computer file or directory. It is included in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, TSC's FLEX, Digital Research/Novell DR DOS, the AROS shell, the Microware OS-9 shell, and ReactOS. The command is also available for FreeDOS and Microsoft Windows.
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expr is a command line utility on Unix and Unix-like operating systems which evaluates an expression and outputs the corresponding value. It first appeared in Unix v7. The command is available for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. The expr command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.
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In a Unix shell, the full stop called the dot command (.) is a command that evaluates commands in a computer file in the current execution context. In the C shell, a similar functionality is provided as the source command, and this name is seen in "extended" POSIX shells as well.
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin that formats and prints data.
The csplit command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems is a utility that is used to split a file into two or more smaller files determined by context lines.
In computing, process substitution is a form of inter-process communication that allows the input or output of a command to appear as a file. The command is substituted in-line, where a file name would normally occur, by the command shell. This allows programs that normally only accept files to directly read from or write to another program.
References
- ↑ http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/bourne/#system3 Bourne Shell changes with System III
- ↑ test(1) — coreutils — Debian buster — Debian Manpages
- ↑ "Native Win32 ports of some GNU utilities". unxutils.sourceforge.net.
- ↑ IBM. "IBM System i Version 7.2 Programming Qshell" (PDF). IBM . Retrieved 2020-09-05.
- ↑ IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004, documentation for
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