152nd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

Last updated

Highland Brigade
Seaforth and Cameron Brigade
152nd (1st Highland) Brigade
152nd (Seaforth and Cameron) Brigade
51stHighlandpost1940.jpg
51st (Highland) Division's insignia from 1940 onwards
Active1889–1919
1920–1940
1940–1946
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Branch Flag of the British Army.svg Territorial Army
Type Infantry
Size Brigade
Part of 51st (Highland) Division
Garrison/HQ Inverness
Engagements
Commanders
Notable
commanders
James Dick-Cunyngham
Douglas Wimberley
Gordon MacMillan
James Cassels

152nd Infantry Brigade was a formation of Britain's Territorial Force/Territorial Army that was part of 51st (Highland) Division in both World Wars. From its origins in the 19th Century Volunteer Force it was based in Inverness and was composed of Highland battalions. It served on the Western Front in World War I, and after it was captured at Saint-Valery-en-Caux early in World War II it was reformed from its 2nd Line and saw action in North Africa, Sicily and North West Europe.

Contents

Volunteer Force

The Volunteer Force of part-time military units formed in Great Britain after an invasion scare in 1859 had no higher organisation than the battalion until the Stanhope Memorandum of December 1888 proposed a comprehensive mobilisation scheme. Under this scheme Volunteer infantry battalions would assemble in their own brigades at key points in case of war. In peacetime these brigades provided a structure for collective training. [1] [2] [3] Five Volunteer Infantry Brigades were initially formed in Scotland, covering the Highlands, the South of Scotland, and the Clyde, Forth and Tay estuaries. The Highland Brigade initially comprised the three Volunteer Battalions (VBs) of the Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's), the single VB of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, and three of the VBs of the Gordon Highlanders. The first commander of the Highland Brigade was Colonel E.H.D. Macpherson of Cluny. However, the original Volunteer brigades were too large and cumbersome, and in 1890 two VBs of the Gordons were separated to join a new Aberdeen Brigade, leaving the Highland Brigade with the following organisation: [4] [5]

In the reorganisation at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, the 6th Gordons VB transferred to its own brigade, and the Highland Brigade was renamed the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade, under the officer commanding the regimental district. In 1906 permanent commanders were appointed to the Volunteer Brigades, drawn from retired colonels, Col H.H.L. Malcolm being appointed to the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade. [4] [6]

Territorial Force

In 1908 the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) [7] [8] [9] and the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade became the first brigade in the TF's new Highland Division. The battalions had been reorganised as follows: [4]

World War I

Mobilisation

The Highland Division was at its annual camp in 1914 when it received orders to mobilise at 17.35 on 4 August and by 17 August had concentrated at its war stations round Bedford as part of First Army in Central Force. [14] [15] Although the TF was intended as a home defence force and its members could not be compelled to serve outside the UK, units were invited to volunteer for overseas service and the majority did so. Those who did not volunteer were formed into 2nd Line units and formations to train the mass of volunteers who were coming forward; these were given the prefix '2/' to distinguish them from the 1st Line. [16] (191st (2nd Seaforth and Cameron Highlanders) Brigade formed in 64th (2nd Highland) Division as a 2nd Line duplicate; this never saw action, but supplied drafts to the 1st Line. [17] ) Individual TF battalions began being sent to the Western Front to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF): the 1/4th Seaforths landed in France on 7 November, and the 1/4th Camerons on 23 February 1915. (Although both battalions eventually returned to the Highland Division, they were assigned to a different brigade.) In April the whole of the Highland Division prepared to join the BEF, and two battalions were transferred to the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade from the independent Argyll and Sutherland Brigade on 15 April. From now on the Seaforth and Cameron Brigade, as the senior brigade in the division, was designated 1st Highland Brigade. The division completed its concentration on the Western Front on 6 May, and on 12 May it was designated 51st (Highland) Division, the brigade becoming 152nd (1st Highland) Brigade. [14] [15]

Order of Battle

For the rest of the war, 152nd (1st Highland) Brigade had the following composition: [14] [15]

Service

152nd (1st Highland) Brigade was engaged in the following actions: [14] [15]

1915

1916

1917

1918

51st (H) Division's casualties during the Battle of the Lys were so great that on 12 April it was reduced to a composite brigade under the Commander, Royal Engineers, ('Fleming's Force') and each brigade was reduced to battalion strength. 152nd Brigade Composite Battalion (100 men) was commanded by Major A.A. Duff under Lieutenant-Colonel J.M. Scott, commanding 152nd and 153rd Brigades. The division was withdrawn after the battle and underwent a long period of rest and reinforcement in a quiet sector. [14] [15] [18]

After the Armistice with Germany in November 1918 51st (H) Division was billeted in the Scheldt Valley where demobilisation got under way. By the middle of March 1919 the remaining units had been reduced to cadre strength and left for home. [14]

Commanders

The following officers commanded 152nd (1st Highland) Brigade during the war: [14]

Interwar

The TF was reconstituted on 7 February 1920 and was reorganised as the Territorial Army (TA) the following year, with some units having merged. The brigade was reformed as 152nd (Seaforth and Cameron) Brigade: [4] [19]

World War II

Mobilisation

In the months before the outbreak of war the TA was doubled in size, with most units and formations creating duplicates. 26 Infantry Brigade was formed in 9th (Highland) Infantry Division as the 2nd Line for 152 Brigade, with some of its battalions formed by reversing the mergers of the 1920s. [20] After the TA was mobilised on 1 September 1939 152 Brigade had the following composition: [21]

Battle of France

The 51st (H) Division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France, 152 Bde landing on 27 January 1940. The BEF had a policy of exchanging Regular and TA units to even up experience across formations: on 4 March 6th Seaforths was exchanged for 2nd Seaforths from 5th Division. However, when the Phoney War ended with the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, 51st (H) Division was detached and serving under French command on the Saar front. Cut off from the rest of the BEF, which was evacuated from Dunkirk, it retreated to the coast where most of the division was forced to surrender at Saint-Valery-en-Caux on 12 June. [21] [22] [23] [24]

The decision was made to reconstitute the famous 51st (Highland) Division by redesignating its duplicate formation, the 9th (Highland) Division in Scottish Command, on 7 August. At the same time 152 Brigade was recreated by redesignating 26 Brigade. [20] [22]

Reconstituted Brigade

The brigade was reconstituted as follows: [20]

Service

51st (H) Division sailed for Egypt on 16 June 1942 and 152 Bde was engaged in the following actions under its command during the war: [20]

1942

Men of 2nd Seaforth Highlanders embarking onto landing craft at Sousse, Tunisia, en route for Sicily, 5 July 1943. Men of the 2nd Seaforth Highlanders embarking onto landing craft at Sousse, Tunisia, en route for Sicily, 5 July 1943. NA4072.jpg
Men of 2nd Seaforth Highlanders embarking onto landing craft at Sousse, Tunisia, en route for Sicily, 5 July 1943.

1943

1944

Commanders

Brig Douglas Wimberley with 152 Bde in Inverness, 1941. Douglas Neil Wimberley in Inverness, 17 February 1941 IWM H 7363 (cropped).jpg
Brig Douglas Wimberley with 152 Bde in Inverness, 1941.

The following officers commanded 152 Bde during the war: [4] [21]

Postwar

When the TA was reformed on 1 January 1947, 51st (Highland) and 52nd (Lowland) Divisions were merged as 51st/52nd Scottish Division, and 152 Bde was not reformed; the remaining Seaforth and Cameron TA battalions joined the Gordons in 153 (Highland) Bde. [26]

Notes

  1. Beckett, pp. 135, 185–6.
  2. Dunlop, pp. 60–1; Appendix A.
  3. Spiers, pp. 228–9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Monthly Army List, various dates.
  5. Grierson, pp. 82–5.
  6. Grierson, pp. 98–9, 116.
  7. Dunlop, Chapter 14.
  8. Spiers, Chapter 10.
  9. "Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907". Hansard. 31 March 1908. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
  10. Ross & Cromarty at Great War Drill Halls.
  11. Sutherland at Great War Drill Halls.
  12. Morayshire at Great War Drill Halls.
  13. Inverness-shire at Great War Drill Halls.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 101–7.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 51st (Highland) Division at Long, Long Trail.
  16. Becke, Pt 2b, p. 6.
  17. Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 55–9.
  18. Bewsher, pp. 316–26.
  19. Titles & Designations, 1927.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Joslen, pp. 55, 273.
  21. 1 2 3 Joslen, pp. 337–8.
  22. 1 2 Joslen, pp. 83–4.
  23. Ellis, Chapter XVII.
  24. Ellis, Chapter XX.
  25. 51st (H) Recce Regiment at Recce Corps website.
  26. Graham Watson, TA 1947.

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