 | ||
| ||
| Prohibition | ||
|---|---|---|
| Extension of franchise to women | ||
Two referendums were held in British Columbia on September 14, 1916, alongside general elections. In them, the voters approved Acts of the British Columbia Legislature that introduced prohibition and women's suffrage on the same basis as men.
The issues of prohibition and women's suffrage dominated much of the final session of the Legislative Assembly before the election. A Prohibition bill with a referendum clause was promised in the Speech from the Throne in March, [1] which was supported by Liberal leader Harlan Brewster in a speech to a prohibition delegation in February. [1] The bill received royal assent on May 31, [2] and was scheduled to come into force on July 1, 1917, upon approval by the voters. [3] In the campaign, the majority of the prohibitionist supporters were also Liberals. [4]
A suffrage bill had been defeated earlier in the session, [5] and Premier Bowser opted to take that issue to the voters as well. [6] It was scheduled to become effective on January 1, 1917, upon approval in the referendum. [7] The move to submit the issues to the voters was seen as a tactic by Premier Bowser to sideline it from the election, [8] but it was contested by many women as being unfair to have the decision made solely by male voters. [8]
Implementing legislation was also enacted to provide for the operation of the referendums. [9] The extension of the franchise to soldiers stationed overseas for the election also applied for these votes. [10]
The question posed was, "Are you in favour of bringing the British Columbia Prohibition Act in force?" [11]
The votes from the overseas soldiers had initially caused the referendum to be defeated by 822 votes. A Prohibition convention held in March 1917 called for the measure to be passed anyway, despite the overseas vote. [12] Incoming Premier Brewster promised to do so, should irregularities be proved to have occurred. [12]
A commission of inquiry was appointed to investigate allegations of voting irregularities, [13] and it determined that all ballots cast after Election Day must be disregarded. [11] The commissioners reported that "grave frauds and irregularities were committed, and that the regulations laid down for the taking of the vote were in many instances not observed." [14] As a result, an Act was passed by the Legislature, providing that Prohibition would come into effect on October 1, 1917. [15]
| Choice | Votes on initial count | Votes disregarded later | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Civilian | Soldiers (Canada) | Soldiers (Overseas) | Total | % | # | Net | Net % | |
| Yes | 36,490 | 3,353 | 2,893 | 42,736 | 49.52 | (832) | 41,904 | 53.72 |
| No | 27,217 | 3,622 | 12,719 | 43,558 | 50.47 | (7,456) | 36,102 | 46.28 |
| Total | 63,707 | 6,975 | 15,612 | 86,294 | 100.00 | (8,288) | 78,006 | 100.00 |
| Majority | 9,273 | (269) | (9,826) | (822) | (0.95) | 6,624 | 5,802 | 7.44 |
The question posed was, "Are you in favour of the extension of the electoral franchise to women?" [17]
Unlike the prohibition referendum, the votes from soldiers overseas were not disregarded.
The initial 1916 suffrage Act was repealed and replaced by a broader amendment to the Provincial Elections Act, effective April 5, 1917, which also allowed women to become MLAs, on same basis as men. [18] [19] Even after extension of suffrage to women, some women were still barred from voting, on same basis as men. Hutterites and Mennonites of both genders were given the vote in 1948, and Treaty Indians and Japanese-Canadians of both genders were given the vote in 1949. [20]
| Choice | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Civilian | Soldiers (Canada) | Soldiers (Overseas) | Total | ||
| Yes | 43,160 | 3,976 | 8,498 | 55,634 | 65.86 |
| No | 19,962 | 2,314 | 6,561 | 28,837 | 34.14 |
| Total | 63,122 | 6,290 | 15,059 | 84,471 | 100.00 |
| Lead of Yes votes over No votes | 23,198 | 1,662 | 1,937 | 26,797 | 31.72 |
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The 2009 British Columbia general election was held on May 12, 2009, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The British Columbia Liberal Party formed the government of the province prior to this general election under the leadership of Premier Gordon Campbell. The British Columbia New Democratic Party under the leadership of Carole James was the Official Opposition.
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Efforts toward women's suffrage began early in Iowa's history. During the territory's Constitutional Convention, discussions on both African American and women's suffrage took place. Early on, women's rights were discussed in the state by women such as Amelia Bloomer and petitions for suffrage were sent to the Iowa state legislature. While African American men earned the right to vote in 1868, women from all backgrounds had to continue to agitate for enfranchisement. One of the first suffrage groups was formed in Dubuque in 1869. Not long after, a state suffrage convention was held in Mount Pleasant in 1870. Iowa suffragists focused on organizing and lobbying the state legislature. In 1894, women gained the right to vote on municipal bond and tax issues and also in school elections. These rights were immediately utilized by women who turned out in good numbers to vote on these issues. By the 1910s, the state legislature finally passed in successive sessions a women's suffrage amendment to the state constitution. This resulted in a voter referendum to be held on the issue on June 5, 1916. The campaign included anti-suffrage agitation from liquor interests who claimed that women's suffrage would cause higher taxes. The amendment was defeated, though a subsequent investigation turned up a large amount of fraud. However, the election could not be invalidated and women had to wait to vote. On July 2, 1919, Iowa became the tenth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.
