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Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 7 March 1994, alongside local elections. The People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity emerged as the largest party with 33 of the 177 seats, although 64 independents were also elected. Supporters of the President won a clear majority of seats, and around 60% of seats were won by ethnic Kazakhs. Following the elections, Sergey Tereshchenko was reappointed Prime Minister. Voter turnout was 73.5%. [1]
The elections were the first to the Supreme Kenges created by the 1993 constitution; elections for the former 360-seat Supreme Soviet had last taken place in March 1990, prior to independence in December 1991. The outgoing Supreme Soviet dissolved itself on 13 December 1993, five days after having set the election date.
The President's People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity was challenged by several newly formed groups, especially the People's Congress of Kazakhstan. After a screening process, 754 candidates were approved to contest the 135 single-member constituencies. There were also 65 candidates for the 42 "state list" seats.
The campaign lasted two-months and was focussed on the economy; Nazarbayev committed to the free-market system and continuing reforms, particularly in the banking and tax spheres, in order to attract foreign investment. [2]
The elections were monitored by foreign observers, including the CSCE. The CSCE report called into question whether the elections had been free and fair. [2]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity | 33 | New | |||
| Federation of Trade Unions of Kazakhstan | 11 | New | |||
| People's Congress of Kazakhstan | 9 | New | |||
| Socialist Party of Kazakhstan | 8 | New | |||
| Peasants Union of Kazakhstan | 4 | New | |||
| Social Movement "Harmony" | 4 | New | |||
| Democratic Committee of Human Rights | 1 | New | |||
| Union of Kazakhstan's Youth | 1 | New | |||
| Communist Party of Kazakhstan | 0 | New | |||
| Independents | 64 | +46 | |||
| State list | 42 | New | |||
| Total | 177 | –183 | |||
| Valid votes | 7,017,457 | 99.82 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 12,593 | 0.18 | |||
| Total votes | 7,030,050 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 9,561,534 | 73.52 | |||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | |||||
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