| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 205 seats in the House of Representatives 103 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnout | 61.86% [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
General elections were held in Nepal on 15 November 1994 to elect the Nepal House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha). The election took place after the previous Nepali Congress government collapsed and King Birenda called new elections. The results saw the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) win the most seats in the House of Representatives and Man Mohan Adhikari became Prime Minister at the head of a minority government.
King Birenda agreed to introduce democracy in 1990 and to become a constitutional monarch after increasing protests by the 1990 People's Movement. [2] The 1991 multi-party elections saw the Nepali Congress party win a majority with 112 of the 205 seats. [3] Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen by the Nepali Congress as their leader in parliament and was appointed Prime Minister. [4]
By 1994 the economic situation in Nepal had worsened and the opposition accused the government of being corrupt. [5] Divisions had also arisen within the Nepali Congress after Prime Minister Koirala was accused of helping to ensure that the president of the Nepali Congress, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, was defeated in a by-election in February 1994. [5] These divisions led to 36 Nepali Congress members of parliament abstaining on a parliamentary vote in July 1994 leading to the government losing the vote. [5] As a result, Koirala offered his resignation as Prime Minister and King Birenda dissolved parliament with new elections called for 13 November. [5] Koirala stayed on as caretaker Prime Minister until the election. [6]
The election saw 1,500 candidates spread over 24 parties competing for the 205 seats in the House of Representatives. [7] The leading two parties in the election were the governing Nepali Congress and the main opposition party, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). [7] The Nepali Congress called on voters to stick with their party and not to entrust power to a Communist party they accused of being irresponsible. [8]
The Communist party called for land reform to break up large landholdings and give land to landless Nepalese peasants. [9] Other pledges made by the party included running water and electricity for all voters and for each village to have at least one television. [10] While the party called for foreign investment to be somewhat restricted and for privatisations to be limited, they also stressed that they believed in a mixed economy and did not support nationalisation. [9] They accused the Nepali Congress government of having been incompetent and corrupt and said that a change in government was required. [8]
On election day itself there was some violence resulting in one death and another 15 people being injured. [11] 124 international election monitors observed the election and new polls were ordered in 31 constituencies where violence had occurred. [8]
The results saw the Nepali Congress party lose their majority in parliament and the Communist party became the largest group in the House of Representatives. [12] However no party won the 103 seats required for a majority on their own. [13] The pro-monarchy party, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, made significant gains winning 20 seats up from the 4 they had won in the previous election. [14] Voter turnout was 58% a decline from the 60% who had voted in the previous election in 1991. [8]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepali Congress | 2,545,287 | 34.47 | 83 | –27 | |
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 2,352,601 | 31.86 | 88 | +19 | |
Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 1,367,148 | 18.51 | 20 | +16 | |
Nepal Sadbhavana Party | 265,847 | 3.60 | 3 | –3 | |
United People's Front of Nepal | 100,285 | 1.36 | 0 | –9 | |
Rastriya Janamukti Party | 79,996 | 1.08 | 0 | 0 | |
Nepal Workers Peasants Party | 75,072 | 1.02 | 4 | +2 | |
Nepal Janabadi Morcha | 32,732 | 0.44 | 0 | New | |
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | 29,571 | 0.40 | 0 | New | |
Communist Party of Nepal (United) | 29,273 | 0.40 | 0 | New | |
Nepali Congress (Bisheswar) Party | 12,571 | 0.17 | 0 | New | |
Rashtriya Janata Parishad | 8,931 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
Janabadi Morcha (Nepal) | 3,681 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Prajatantrik Lok Dal | 3,082 | 0.04 | 0 | New | |
Nepal Praja Parishad | 1,832 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
Rashtriya Janata Party | 1,525 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
United Peoples Party | 1,346 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
Nepali Congress (B.P.) | 840 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
Nepali Congress (Subarna) | 484 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
Janata Dal (Samajbadi Prajatantrik) | 404 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Samyukta Prajatantra Party | 218 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
Nepal Janahit Party | 156 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
Radical Nepali Congress | 53 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
Liberal Democratic Party | 18 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
Independents | 471,324 | 6.38 | 7 | +4 | |
Total | 7,384,277 | 100.00 | 205 | 0 | |
Valid votes | 7,384,277 | 96.84 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 241,071 | 3.16 | |||
Total votes | 7,625,348 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 12,327,329 | 61.86 | |||
Source: Nohlen et al., [15] Nepal Research |
Following the election the Communist party elected Man Mohan Adhikari as leader of the party in parliament and he attempted to form a minority government. [16] King Birendra asked both the Communists and the Nepali Congress party to explain to him why they should be allowed to form the government and then he would make a decision on who should be appointed Prime Minister. [14] The Nepali Congress attempted to form a deal with smaller parties including the Rastriya Prajatantra Party in order to try to stay in power. [14] However this was unsuccessful and Adhikari became Prime Minister at the head of a minority Communist government. [17] They therefore became the first elected communist government in a constitutional monarchy anywhere in the world [17] and the first communist government in Asia to come into power democratically. [13] [18]
The Nepali Congress is the oldest democratic socialist political party in Nepal and the largest party in the country. The party has 870,106 members as of the party's 14th general convention in December 2021 making them the largest party by membership in Nepal. Currently the party has started online membership since the emergence of youth leaders in vital post to bring youths into the party.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal, alias Prachanda, is a Nepalese politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of Nepal. He previously held the prime ministerial post from 2008 to 2009 as the first prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, and again from 2016 to 2017. He was elected as prime minister for the third time in 2022, following that year's elections.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी), romanized: nēpāla kamyuniṣṭa pārṭī (ēkīkr̥ta mārksavādī-lēninavādī); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Sher Bahadur Deuba is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served five terms as prime minister and is the Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Dadeldhura 1.
Nepal Ratna Girija Prasad Koirala, affectionately known as Girija Babu, was a Nepalese politician. He headed the Nepali Congress and served as the Prime Minister of Nepal on four occasions, including from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and 2006 to 2008. He was the Acting Head of State of Nepal between January 2007 and July 2008 as the country transitioned from a monarchy to a republic.
The Rastriya Prajatantra Party is a constitutional monarchist and Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal.
Man Mohan Adhikari (Magi) (Nepali: मन मोहन अधिकारी; 9 June 1920 – 26 April 1999) was the 31st Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). He is the first communist Prime Minister in Nepal and one of the first communist politician in the world to be democratically elected as a head of government.
General elections were held in Nepal on 12 May 1991, to elect 205 members to the House of Representatives. The elections were the first multi-party elections since 1959. The 1990 Nepalese revolution successfully made King Birendra to restore a multi-party system after King Mahendra had established the Rastriya Panchayat when he dissolved the parliament in December 1960.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.
Sushil Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the Prime Minister of Nepal from 11 February 2014 to 10 October 2015. He was also President of the Nepali Congress from 2010 to 2016, having earlier served under various capacities in the party.
General elections were held in Nepal on 9 May 1981 to elect members of the Rastriya Panchayat. 80% of the seats were elected through adult universal suffrage; this was the first election through universal suffrage held in Nepal in 22 years. However, political parties were banned at the time, and the main underground opposition forces called for a boycott of the election.
On November 30, 1994, following the 1994 parliamentary election, the Communist Party of Nepal formed a minority government led by Man Mohan Adhikari. Despite the Nepali Congress securing more popular votes than the Communist Party of Nepal, the latter secured 88 seats to the former's 83. Neither party was successful in forming a coalition to hold a majority of the 205 seats. After failed coalition negotiations, Adhikari became Prime Minister of a minority government, acquiring the support of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and the Nepal Sadbhawana Party.
Kamal Thapa is a Nepalese politician belonging to Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal.
General elections were held in Nepal in two phases on 26 November and 7 December 2017 to elect the 275 members of the fifth House of Representatives, the lower house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal.
Bal Chandra Poudel is a Nepali Politician from the Nepali Congress party. He was Party President for the district of Rasuwa for several decades.
On 25 February 2014, following the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, the Nepali Congress Party formed a government out of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly led by Sushil Koirala and backed by the Communist Party of Nepal. The cabinet consisted of 11 ministers from the Nepali Congress Party, 11 ministers from the Communist Party of Nepal, one minister of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), two ministers of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and five ministers from other parties.
Rastriya Prajantantra Party (Samyukta) (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी (संयुक्त)), literally the National Democratic Party (United) and abbreviated RPP (U), was a political party in Nepal. It was formed on 6 August 2017 by Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana after splitting from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party as the Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic). On 31 January 2019, it merged with the Unified Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist), another splinter group of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, to form Samyukta.
General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.
Rajendra Prasad Lingden is a Nepali politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal. He also served as the Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation. He is also the chairman of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP). He served as a member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal from March 2018. He was re-elected in 2022 in the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal.
Winners and runner-ups in the legislative elections of Nepal 1994 and 1999